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  • Articles  (48)
  • Positron annihilation  (24)
  • viscosity  (24)
  • Springer  (48)
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  • American Geophysical Union
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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1970-1974  (25)
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  • Physics  (44)
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  • Articles  (48)
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  • Springer  (48)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • EDP Sciences
  • Emerald
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of Lyocell Solutions from Different Cellulose Sources (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Lyocell ; cellulose ; rheology ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Rheological measurements were used to characterize the behavior of lyocell solutions, i.e., cellulose dissolved in N-methymorpholine-N-oxide. Cellulose sources included dissolving pulp, kraft pulp, sugar cane fibers, and kenaf fibers. The dominance of viscous behavior, G′ values, over elastic behavior, G″ values, is affected by cellulose concentration and molecular weight. At lower concentrations and degrees of polymerization (DP), dissolving pulp solutions show viscous, inelastic behavior at low frequencies. At higher concentration and DP, dissolving pulp solutions are more elastic at higher frequencies. Solutions prepared with kenaf and sugar cane fibers show similar properties to those using pure dissolving pulp, and comparisons suggest the molecular weight and/or the presence of other substances such as lignin in the cellulose from these alternative sources affect the rheology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014881901010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Starch Granule Size on Viscosity of Starch-Filled Poly(hydroxy ester ether) Composites (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Starch ; particle size ; composite ; viscosity ; polyester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of starch granule size on the viscosity of starch-filled poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) composites was characterized using size-fractionated potato starch, as well as unfractionated starches (rice, corn, wheat, and potato). Potato starch was separated using an air classifier into four particle size fractions: 〈18 μm, 18-24 μm, 24-30 μm, and 〉30 μm. The starch was dried to a moisture content of 0.5% to minimize moisture effects on composite rheology. PHEE and potato starch were extruded with starch volume fractions of 0.46 and 0.66. Stress relaxation, frequency and strain sweep, and temperature-dependence measurements were carried out. Although small variations in viscosity were seen with the different potato starch fractions, differences were not significant at a volume fraction of 0.46. Viscosity differences between the different particle size fractions were more pronounced at a volume fraction of 0.66. The temperature dependence could be described by an Arrhenius relation, with an apparent activation energy of 84 kJ/mole. At a volume fraction of 0.46, the starch/PHEE viscosities increased in the order potato starch 〈 wheat starch ≃ corn starch 〈 rice starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014829916940
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomenological equations for multicomponent fluids (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 5 (1972), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; electrolyte solution ; high-temperature plasma ; state variable ; forces and fluxes ; nonlocal linear relation ; Onsager reciprocity ; hydrodynamic equation of motion for component ; Navier-Stokes equation ; diffusion ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ahydrodynamic equation of motion for each component of a multicomponent fluid is derived on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Special care has been directed to the choice of state variables. In some limiting cases, this equation leads to customary phenomenological equations, such as the equation for diffusion and the Navier-Stokes equation. The viscosity is a consequence of nonlocal coupling of forces and fluxes. The reciprocity between the linear coefficients is examined closely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008374
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect ofV K centers on positron annihilation in KCl and Ag-doped KCl (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Color centers ; Radiation damage in ionic solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Positron lifetime spectra have been measured at 77 K for KCl and Ag-doped KCl before and after x-irradiation at 77 K and after annealing at room temperature. Radiation at 77 K reduces the intensity of the intermediate lifetime (τ2) component. Radiation-induced defects were monitored optically and by ESR. The experiment shows that the changes observed in the positron decay are associated with the presence ofV K centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00884158
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron lifetime spectrometer for metal studies (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Delayed coincidence spectrometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The instrument to be described is of the fast-slow coincidence type based on the well known time-to-amplitude conversion principle. Simplicity in circuit design has been achieved by using IC components. Special attention has been paid to the fast response and the temperature stability of the instrument. This fast reponse allows the omission of the pile-up limiter circuits. The temperature stability is adequate (5 psec/°C) for measurements to be made under normal laboratory conditions. Positron lifetimes were measured in both annealed and deformed copper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00884272
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of positrons in binary alloys (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pseudopotential picture of the positron in a binary alloy is developed. It is shown that the positron is usually preferentially attracted to one sort of atom in the alloy. This relative positron affinity is associated with the positron pseudopotential difference between the different sorts of atom and calculations of this quantity are presented for a number of 50 at % alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00884231
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Momentum and spin density in magnetite (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Ionic crystals ; Electronic structure ; Magnetic materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements are reported of the angular correlation of annihilation radiation from polarized positrons in single crystals of Fe3O4. No change has been found in the angular correlations on passing through the metal-nonmetal phase transition. The twophoton momentum distribution, obtained by deconvolution of a set of angular correlations, displays a slight anisotropy. The spin density consists of a negative peak at zero momentum surrounded by a shell of positive density between 2 and 5 mrad. The observed spin density is probably a mixture of contributions from the moment on the ferrous ions and from the spin transfer onto the anions owing to covalency effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928383
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of Fermi surfaces of the α-phase Cu-Ge and Cu-Si alloys by positron annihilation (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 5 (1974), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Copper alloy ; Fermi surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular correlation measurements on the fcc solid solutions of Cu−Ge and Cu−Si alloys have been carried out on single crystals with four crystallographic orientations by a crossed-slit geometry. The results on both the alloys are nearly the same. The 〈111〉-neck radius and the 〈100〉-radius of the Fermi surfaces increase almost linearly with increasing electron concentration in accord with previous results on Cu−Al and Cu−Zn alloys. The Fermi surface does not touch the square faces of the Brillouin zone at the solubility limit. The results agree fairly well with a calculation based on the sinking-conduction band model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928139
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron annihilation in γ-irradiated pure and Mg-doped LiF (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Color centers ; Radiation damage in ionic solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Positron annihilation lifetime spectra in unirradiated and γ-irradiated pure LiF and heavily doped LiF∶Mg have been resolved into three components. The intensity of the intermediate lifetime component increases in proportion to theF-center concentration for both materials until saturation occurs (≈1.4×1017 cm−3 in LiF and ≈5.7×10−17 cm−3 in LiF∶Mg). The presence of a large positive ion vacancy concentration appears to have a much smaller effect than has been observed in KCl∶Ca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00884156
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of vacancies and vacancy-impurity pairs in Cu-0.5 at. % Ge by means of positron annihilation (1974)
    Springer
    Applied physics 4 (1974), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Positron annihilation ; Vacancy-impurity pairs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Positron annihilation in Cu-0.5 at. % Ge as a function of measuring temperature has been studied. By the use of the trapping model, the formation energy of a vacancy in copper and the binding energy between a germanium atom and a vacancy have been determined to be 1.28 and 0.27 eV, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00884271
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