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  • Articles  (43)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (43)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2000-2004  (22)
  • 1980-1984  (21)
  • 1925-1929
  • Computer Science  (43)
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  • Articles  (43)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract:  The utilization of a fuzzy aspect within data analysis attempts to move from a quantitative to a more qualitative investigative environment. As such, this may allow the more non-quantitative researchers results they can use, based on sets of linguistic terms. In this paper an inductive fuzzy decision tree approach is utilized to construct a fuzzy-rule-based system for the first time in a biological setting. The specific biological problem considered attempts to identify the antecedents (conditions in the fuzzy decision rules) which characterize the length of song flight of the male sedge warbler when attempting to attract a mate. Hence, for a non-quantitative investigator the resultant set of fuzzy rules allows an insight into the linguistic interpretation on the relationship between associated characteristics and the respective song flight duration.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Expert systems can be used to determine some objects or consequences from uncertain knowledge by hierarchical categorization. Categorical representation is psychologically motivated and also offers an explanation of how to deal with uncertain knowledge based on counting during approximate reasoning. It is an alternative to other well-known uncertainty calculi. A knowledge base which is used during approximate reasoning is represented by a taxonomical arrangement of verbal categories. Priming eases the formation of the final hypothesis, as more exact possible hypotheses are formed. The approximate reasoning is demonstrated on an expert system ‘Jurassic’ from the field of paleontology for the determination of a dinosaur species. It helps the paleontologist to determine creatures from uncertain knowledge. The system is composed of 423 rules arranged in a directed acyclic graph with a depth of 5. This knowledge is represented by a taxonomical arrangement of verbal categories represented by associative memories.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 4
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Information technology and the Internet have been major drivers for changes in all aspects of business processes and activities. They have brought major changes to the financial statements audit environment as well, which in turn has required modifications in audit procedures. There exist certain difficulties, however, with current audit procedures especially for the assessment of the level of control risk. This assessment is primarily based on the auditors' professional judgment and experiences, not on objective rules or criteria.To overcome these difficulties, we propose a prototype decision support model named CRAS-CBR using case-based reasoning to support auditors in making their professional judgment on the assessment of the level of control risk of the general accounting system in the manufacturing industry.To validate the performance, we compare our proposed model with benchmark performances in terms of classification accuracy for the level of control risk. Our experimental results show that CRAS-CBR outperforms a statistical model and staff auditor performance in average hit ratio.
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  • 5
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Machine learning can extract desired knowledge from training examples and ease the development bottleneck in building expert systems. Most learning approaches derive rules from complete and incomplete data sets. If attribute values are known as possibility distributions on the domain of the attributes, the system is called an incomplete fuzzy information system. Learning from incomplete fuzzy data sets is usually more difficult than learning from complete data sets and incomplete data sets. In this paper, we deal with the problem of producing a set of certain and possible rules from incomplete fuzzy data sets based on rough sets. The notions of lower and upper generalized fuzzy rough approximations are introduced. By using the fuzzy rough upper approximation operator, we transform each fuzzy subset of the domain of every attribute in an incomplete fuzzy information system into a fuzzy subset of the universe, from which fuzzy similarity neighbourhoods of objects in the system are derived. The fuzzy lower and upper approximations for any subset of the universe are then calculated and the knowledge hidden in the information system is unravelled and expressed in the form of decision rules.
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  • 6
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Probabilistic approaches to rough sets in granulation, approximation and rule induction are reviewed. The Shannon entropy function is used to quantitatively characterize partitions of a universe. Both algebraic and probabilistic rough set approximations are studied. The probabilistic approximations are defined in a decision-theoretic framework. The problem of rule induction, a major application of rough set theory, is studied in probabilistic and information-theoretic terms. Two types of rules are analyzed: the local, low order rules, and the global, high order rules.
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  • 7
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: The theory of rough sets is an extension of set theory for studying intelligent systems characterized by insufficient and incomplete information. We discuss the basic concept and properties of knowledge reduction based on inclusion degree and evidence reasoning theory, and propose a knowledge discovery approach based on inclusion degree and evidence reasoning theory.
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: The paper is concerned with the creation of predictive models from data within the framework of the variable precision rough set model. It is focused on two aspects of the model derivation: computation of uncertain, in general, rules from information contained in probabilistic decision tables and forming hierarchies of decision tables with the objective of reduction or elimination of decision boundaries in the resulting classifiers. A new technique of creation of a linearly structured hierarchy of decision tables is introduced and compared to tree-structured hierarchy. It is argued that the linearly structured hierarchy has significant advantages over tree-structured hierarchy.
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  • 9
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 10
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 11
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In today's competitive business environment, it is important that customers are able to obtain their preferred items in the shops they visit, particularly for convenience store chains such as 7–Eleven where popular items are expected to be readily available on the shelves of the stores for buyers. To minimize the cost of running such store chains, it is essential that stocks be kept to a minimum and at the same time large varieties of popular items are available for customers. In this respect, the replenishment system needs to be able to cope with the taxing demands of minimal inventory but at the same time keeping large varieties of needed items. This paper proposes a replenishment system which is able to respond to the fluctuating demands of customers and provide a timely supply of needed items in a cost–effective way. The proposed system embraces the principle of fuzzy logic which is able to deal with uncertainties by virtue of its fuzzy rules reasoning mechanism, thereby leveraging the responsiveness of the entire replenishment system for the chain stores. To validate the feasibility of the approach, a case study has been conducted in an emulated environment with promising results.
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  • 12
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A formidable synergy can be obtained by putting expert system technology into the Internet. The modern trend of embedding expert systems into Websites turns out to be very promising, in particular for the field of marketing via the Web. The last two years have seen a growing interest in providing Websites with suitable embedded expert systems for one–to–one marketing. One–to– one marketing means marketing in a personalized way, i.e. marketing in a way that is adaptive to the personal needs of the user. A basic feature of this marketing framework consists in personalized prioritizing of news, i.e. presenting information in an order that is relevant to the specific needs of the current user. If the personalized prioritizing of news is a very useful feature in wired Web, it becomes essential in wireless Web, the promising next generation of the Web.The paper presents a general methodology for personalized prioritizing of news. The methodology integrates decision theory with a deep–knowledge–based user model (i.e. causal knowledge linking user preferences to user goals). The deep–knowledge model of the user is a source of power of the methodology because it allows the system to know (and possibly explain) why the user acts the way he/she acts. Another relevant aspect of the methodology is that the burden of personalization is not placed on the user, and in fact the user does not have to declare his/her needs or interests or goals: they are automatically inferred from his/her profile data. In order to investigate the ideas underlying the proposal, a methodology example has been implemented in a prototype and then tested on real cases in the context of a supercomputing portal.
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  • 13
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 14
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 15
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Just like rough set theory, fuzzy set theory addresses the topic of dealing with imperfect knowledge. Recent investigations have shown how both theories can be combined into a more flexible, more expressive framework for modelling and processing incomplete information in information systems. At the same time, intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been proposed as an attractive extension of fuzzy sets, enriching the latter with extra features to represent uncertainty (on top of vagueness). Unfortunately, the various tentative definitions of the concept of an ‘intuitionistic fuzzy rough set’ that were raised in their wake are a far cry from the original objectives of rough set theory. We intend to fill an obvious gap by introducing a new definition of intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets, as the most natural generalization of Pawlak's original concept of rough sets.
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  • 16
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 17
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 18
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 19
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 20
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 21
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
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  • 22
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: This paper considers an application of decision aiding for maritime operations, viz the design of an intelligent operator aid for dynamic route planning. The limitations of some existing methods are discussed and an Al approach is proposed that combines algorithmic and heuristic processing elements within an embedded system. The aid consists of three elements: a intelligent front end, a route planner and an explanation facility.
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  • 23
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Recent developments in a subarea of computer science called artificial intelligence have included the creation of expert systems that are capable of solving difficult applications problems which require expert knowledge for their solution. Such expert systems have been found to be useful in a number of applications (e.g. medicine, biochemistry and mineral exploration). In this paper the author presents an expert system for solving problems concerning income and transfer tax planning for individuals In developing this system, a theoretical structure and a set of decision rules were specified and then programmed into a rule-based system that had previously been used for medical diagnosis (Mycin [1]) Once the system was developed, its problem-solving capabilities were refined and verified by a panel of tax experts using a blind verification procedure. This verification step demonstrated that an expert system could be developed in that domain.
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  • 24
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 25
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to design an expert system or an intelligent procedure' that purports to screen hazard potentials of environmental chemicals on the basis of structure-activity relationships in the study of chemical carcinogenesis, particularly with respect to analysing the current state of known structural information about chemical carcinogens and predicting the possible carcinogenicity of untested chemicals An analysis of a computerised database of known carcinogens (knowledge base) is being performed using the structure-activity trees in order to test the validity of the tree as a classification scheme (inference engine) and to evaluate trends or patterns that may exist between chemical structure and specificity for target tissue, route of administration, and animal species. Practical applications of the structure-activity tree depend on its eventual validation as a predictor of carcinogenic activity.
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  • 26
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 27
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 28
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Activities concerning expert systems in Japan are outlined. Expert systems are receiving increasing attention in Japan, together with fifth-generation computers. Rather than describing the details of individual systems, a variety of expert systems are briefly introduced with their aims and features.
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  • 29
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Analysis of the job shop scheduling domain has indicated that the crux of the scheduling problem is the determination and satisfaction of a large variety of constraints. Schedules are influenced by such diverse and conflicting factors as due date requirements, cost restrictions, production levels, machine capabilities and substitutability, alternative production processes, order characteristics, resource requirements, and resource availability. This paper describes ISIS, a scheduling system capable of incorporating all relevant constraints in the construction of job shop schedules. We examine both the representation of constraints within ISIS, and the manner in which these constraints are used in conducting a constraint-directed search for an acceptable schedule. The important issues relating to the relaxation of constraints are addressed. Finally, the interactive scheduling facilities provided by ISIS are considered.
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  • 30
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 31
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 32
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Log interpretation science is a controversial and rapidly changing domain. Designing interpretation models is a highly experimental process which involves trials with a computer program as an integral part of the design. Therefore conventional software engineering techniques, which require a complete specification of the problem before the program is written, are often not applicable or fail to produce high quality software. The development of expert systems has provided the techniques, tools, and capabilities to let us seek alternate methods to produce log interpretation software: exploratory programming environments and automatic programming systems. An exploratory programming environment combines the power of interactive graphics and programming tools to merge the design and programming tasks into a single process where model and program develop together. An automatic programming system will embody the knowledge of the programming process and of some log interpretation heuristics to produce log processing programs from interactive specifications expressed in familiar terms. These facilities will allow log interpretation model designers, who are non-computer specialists, to produce high quality software as the end result of a model design.
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  • 33
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  • 34
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    Expert systems 1 (1984), S. 0 
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  • 35
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  • 36
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  • 37
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Book reviewed:Adrian A. Hopgood, Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists
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    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract:  This paper presents an agent-oriented and knowledge-based system (AOKBS) for strategic e-procurement. The AOKBS has been designed to capture and leverage the knowledge of an enterprise to generate dynamic business rules by which an effective procurement strategy can be generated based on enterprise needs and the analysis of relevant market conditions. The performance and practices of the suppliers can also be evaluated and captured continuously, respectively, by the AOKBS. Artificial intelligence technologies such as case-based reasoning and agent technology are incorporated for decision analysis. A prototype e-procurement system has been built and implemented successfully with a multinational manufacturer.
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    Expert systems 21 (2004), S. 0 
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    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
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    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: The great volume of information used/obtained in industry nowadays produces the need for systems that are helpful in decision-making. An area of special interest, because of its influence on productive capacity, is maintenance, where the great quantity of influential variations and available facts (including real time) make the analysis almost impossible. Using the concept of rough sets, we present a comprehensive (but real) application where the information system is reduced so as to get a minimum subset of attributes without loss of quality; a set of nine decision rules is obtained.
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    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Intrusion detection is important in the defense-in-depth network security framework. This paper presents an effective method for anomaly intrusion detection with low overhead and high efficiency. The method is based on rough set theory to extract a set of detection rules with a minimal size as the normal behavior model from the system call sequences generated during the normal execution of a process. It is capable of detecting the abnormal operating status of a process and thus reporting a possible intrusion. Compared with other methods, the method requires a smaller size of training data set and less effort to collect training data and is more suitable for real-time detection. Empirical results show that the method is promising in terms of detection accuracy, required training data set and efficiency.
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    Expert systems 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An expert system is presented for interpretation of the Doppler signals of heart valve diseases based on pattern recognition. We deal in particular with the combination of feature extraction and classification from measured Doppler signal waveforms at the heart valve using Doppler ultrasound. A wavelet neural network model developed by us is used. The model consists of two layers: a wavelet layer and a multilayer perceptron. The wavelet layer used for adaptive feature extraction in the time–frequency domain is composed of wavelet decomposition and wavelet entropy. The multilayer perceptron used for classification is a feedforward neural network. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated in 215 samples. The test results show that this system is effective to detect Doppler heart sounds. The classification rate averaged 91% correct for 123 test subjects.
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