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  • Articles  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • Springer  (10)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 159-172 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: ethics ; gender ; marketing managers ; moral reasoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study found that moral reasoning predicts intention to act in an ethical dilemma, but that this behavior is not modified by gender differences. Fishbein and Ajzen’s Reasoned Action model was used to predict intention to act in ethical dilemmas, while the Kohlberg and Gilligan paradigms of moral reasoning were introduced as exogenous variables. The theory of reasoned action model was found to be a good predictor of intention as hypothesized. Suggestions for further research are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: business ; change ; education ; feminine values ; gender ; masculine values ; values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Modern management and organization theory have been criticized for being based on masculine values and concepts. The theory and associated values influence not only managerial behavior in practice, but also business education's value system. In this study, we analyze the change in values during business education from a gender perspective. By values we mean feminine and masculine values. Our empirical study is based on the literature of cultural values and gender socialization theories. We surveyed 324 students. The result of our study lends support to earlier research: men are more masculine and women more feminine in their values. The change towards masculinity during business education is not supported statistically in this study. However, there may be a weak tendency towards masculinity, especially among female students. In addition, we propose that it is possible that business students have a tendency to try to fulfil masculine needs in their occupational choice. Further research is needed to investigate the empirical findings of our study.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 21 (2000), S. 263-282 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: cigarettes ; smoking ; gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper uses data from the Current Population Survey to analyze determinants of cigarette demand. Price elasticities for smoking participation and quantity of cigarettes smoked are between −0.4 and −0.6 for both men and women. These effects diminish for high-income individuals. The family earnings elasticity of demand is weak, but education has strong negative effects on smoking, especially for high-income respondents. Own-earnings decrease individuals' price sensitivity. Employment status is influential even after controlling for income, education, and other factors. The presence of young children reduces smoking, with the effect most pronounced for women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marketing letters 11 (2000), S. 129-136 
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: Race ; gender ; retail ; service ; discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This research attempts to determine if a customer's visible physical characteristics influence retail service delivery. The results of this study suggest that black and male customers wait significantly longer than white and female customers at retail customer service counters. In addition, females are more likely to experience a positive transaction outcome than males.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of bioeconomics 2 (2000), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 1573-6989
    Keywords: virginity loss ; gender ; love
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides the first econometric analysis of rationalizations of virginity loss in terms of love. Data from the UK National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles are used to estimate logit equations to predict the claim that virginity loss was occasioned by being in love. The sample consists of 2,269 males and 1,476 females between the ages of 16 and 59. In economic terms, a dichotomy is found in terms of male and female virginity loss, such that to a degree it is possible to infer that sex is for males more of a consumption good, whilst for females it is more of a capital good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 24 (2000), S. 299-312 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: accountants ; business ; decision setting ; ethics ; gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates whether gender affects ethically sensitive decisions of a personal or business nature. Data from 51 practicing accountants from both public accounting and private industry suggest that while differences exist between female and male accountants in responses to specific situations, overall responses are quite similar. Statistically significant differences were found for only five of the sixteen ethically sensitive situations. Further, when personal and business situations of a similar nature were paired together, two of the eight differences between personal and business responses were significantly different between females and males. Taken as a whole, the results refute the suggestion that the ethical decision making of organizations may be enhanced as more women enter the business field.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 321-334 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: CEO ; gender ; leadership ; management ; senior ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Although the number of women in middle management has grown quite rapidly in the last two decades, the number of female CEOs in large corporations remains extremely low. This article examines many explanations for why women have not risen to the top, including lack of line experience, inadequate career opportunities, gender differences in linguistic styles and socialization, gender-based stereotypes, the old boy network at the top, and tokenism. Alternative explanations are also presented and analyzed, such as differences between female leadership styles and the type of leadership style expected at the top of organizations, feminist explanations for the underrepresentation of women in top management positions, and the possibility that the most talented women in business often avoid corporate life in favor of entrepreneurial careers.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 335-350 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: budget officials ; defining issues test ; gender ; moral judgment ; political ideology ; resource allocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study is to extend research which has looked at moral judgment. Specifically, the study examines the impact of moral judgment on the budget allocations made by government budget officers. Additionally, and as a result of previous research findings, the study looks at the relationship between political ideology, gender, age, profession and moral judgment. Results support prior research which has found an association between political ideology and moral judgment, and between gender and moral judgment.There was no indication that the level of moral judgment among accountants is different from that of other individuals serving as budget officers, or that age is significantly related to moral judgment. Additionally, the study finds that an individual's level of moral judgment has less of an impact on the individual's actions than does political ideology. Study results contribute to an understanding of the relationship of moral judgment to accounting, and the relationship of moral judgment to behavior. The study also adds to research into the relationship of political ideology and moral judgment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: double standard ; ethical judgement ; ethics ; gender ; information systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A number of studies have addressed the question, ``Whois more ethical, men or women?'' Using ethicaljudgement as a measure of how ethical a person is,some studies have found that women are more ethicalwhile other studies have found no differences betweenthe sexes. This study investigates the influencesthat a character's gender, the evaluator's gender, andthe interaction between the two genders have onethical judgements. We conducted an experiment wheresubjects (evaluators) read a scenario that describedan action taken by a character. We found someevidence to suggest that both women and men applygender-based double standards when making ethicaljudgements. The widest gap in ethical judgementoccurred between the female evaluator/male charactergroup and the male evaluator/male character group. Consistent with prior research, we found that femaleevaluators made ethical judgements more consistentwith those of experts.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 379-404 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: accounting ; context differences ; ethics ; ethical disposition ; gender ; students
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Research into the ethical disposition of students hasbeen popular in recent years. However, research intothe ethical disposition of accounting students inparticular has been sparse. Because of the uniquecharacteristics of those who choose to enter the fieldof accounting, generalizing findings of businessstudents to accounting students may not be valid. Consequently, additional studies of accountingstudents are useful. This study investigates context (academic vs.business)-based and gender-based differences inaccounting students’ ethical intent. We find mixedsupport for gender-based mean differences; theseresults are consistent across context. With regard tocontext we find a greater variability in respondents’behavioral intent in an academic context relative toa business context. We also find gender-baseddifferences in how ethical issues are grouped (thatis, the perceived cognitive structure of ethicalissues). Implications of these findings are discussedwith particular interest relative to education.
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