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  • Articles  (20)
  • ethics  (20)
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  • Articles  (20)
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  • Springer  (20)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 109-122 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: leadership ; moral foundations ; ethics ; Islamic beliefs ; QU'RAN ; spirituality and work
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper argues that the crisis in management is a crisis in leadership and that the heart of leadership is the moral challenge for managers to see themselves and others as colleagues and collaborators. The search for a new leadership paradigm is a call to foster the human spiritual dimension which respects the deepest concerns and values of everyone in the enterprise. Islamic beliefs and heritage provide a natural basis for transformational leadership and for implementing a paradigm shift which integrates spirituality and work.
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  • 2
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 159-172 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: ethics ; gender ; marketing managers ; moral reasoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study found that moral reasoning predicts intention to act in an ethical dilemma, but that this behavior is not modified by gender differences. Fishbein and Ajzen’s Reasoned Action model was used to predict intention to act in ethical dilemmas, while the Kohlberg and Gilligan paradigms of moral reasoning were introduced as exogenous variables. The theory of reasoned action model was found to be a good predictor of intention as hypothesized. Suggestions for further research are included.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 285-306 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: budgeting ; ethics ; trust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of two experiments onthe importance of three trust cues on establishinginterpersonal trust within a business setting. Theliterature (Lewis and Weigert, 1985; Ring, 1996) hasidentified two aspects to trust: a cognitive elementin which trust is the result of a rational calculationby the trustor about how the trustee will behave inthe future, and an emotional element in which trust isthe product of a strong positive affection between thetwo individuals. Most social relations, includingeconomic ones, are based on cognitive trust, whereasemotional trust is the basis for intense personalrelationships, such as love and friendship. Thisstudy focuses on three cognitive-based cues thatengender trust within a dyadic relationship: thefrequency with which the trustee and trustor interact,the competence of the trustee, and the consistency ofthe trustee’s previous behavior. In two experiments,using a budget setting, trust is measured as theperceived reliability of the trustee’s budgetinformation and the estimated time for the trustor tocomplete the budget task. The results reveal that theconsistency of the trustee’s previous behavior is themost important element in engendering cognitive-basedtrust within a dyad.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 341-358 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: business ethics ; business’ role in the community ; community service ; ethics ; service learning ; undergraduate business students ; values and opinions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Until now, there has been little research assessingthe impact and extent of business ethics education andservice learning upon students’ values and opinions. This paper studies the influence of these variables byanalyzing 129 junior-level students’ ethical valuesand opinions before and after these experiences. Through the use of the Students’ Values and OpinionsSurvey (SVOS) as a measurement gauge, we foundsignificant support for our hypotheses that a businessethics course and a community service experiencepositively affect students’ values and opinions. Thus, we found desirable improvement in the ethicalvalues and opinions of students after they wereexposed to service learning and business ethicseducation. In addition, we explored the impact ofservice learning by gender and prior communityservice. We did not find a significant difference inthe effect of service learning for men or women, butdid find that prior community service increased thepositive impact for students completing theircommunity service requirement in this study.
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  • 5
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 24 (2000), S. 299-312 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: accountants ; business ; decision setting ; ethics ; gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates whether gender affects ethically sensitive decisions of a personal or business nature. Data from 51 practicing accountants from both public accounting and private industry suggest that while differences exist between female and male accountants in responses to specific situations, overall responses are quite similar. Statistically significant differences were found for only five of the sixteen ethically sensitive situations. Further, when personal and business situations of a similar nature were paired together, two of the eight differences between personal and business responses were significantly different between females and males. Taken as a whole, the results refute the suggestion that the ethical decision making of organizations may be enhanced as more women enter the business field.
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  • 6
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: corporate social responsibility ; ethics ; globalization ; government ; human rights ; social contract ; U.N. Declaraton of Human Rights
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper argues that widely accepted understanding of the respective responsibilities of business and government in the post war industrialized world can be traced back to a tacit “social contract” that emerged following the second world war. The effect of this contract was to assign responsibility for generating wealth to business and responsibility for ensuring the equitable sharing of wealth to governments. Without question, this arrangement has resulted in substantial improvements in the quality of life in the industrialized world in the intervening period. I argue that with advance of economic globalization and the growing power and influence of multi national corporations, this division of responsibilities is not longer viable or defensible. What is needed, fifty years after the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, is a new social contract that shares responsibilities for human rights and related ethical responsibilities in a manner more in keeping with the vision captured by the post war Declaration. I conclude by suggesting some reasons for thinking that a new social contract may be emerging.
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  • 7
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 21-31 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: corporate citizenship ; ethics ; social responsibility ; strategy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Increasingly research in the field of business and society suggests that ethics and corporate social responsibility can be profitable. Yet this work raises a troubling question: Is it ethical to use ethics and social responsibility in a strategic way? Is it possible to be ethical or socially responsible for the wrong reason? In this article, we define a strategy concept in order to situate the different approaches to the strategic use of ethics and social responsibility found in the current literature. We then analyze the ethics of such approaches using both utilitarianism and deontology and end by defining limits to the strategic use of ethics.
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  • 8
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: communication ; ethics ; small firms ; social responsibility ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article introduces the important issue of communicating with small firms about ethical issues. Evidence from two research projects from the U.K. and Spain are used to indicate some of the important issues and how small firms may differ from large firms in this area. The importance of informal mechanisms such as the influence of friends, family and employees are highlighted, and the likely ineffectiveness of formal tools such as Codes and Social and Ethical Standards suggested. Further resarch in the area of small firms and ethics is essential.
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  • 9
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    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 179-186 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: business objectives ; community pharmacy ; ethics ; managed care ; moral education ; moral persuasion ; OBRA '90 ; patient counseling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Patient counseling is a cornerstone of ethical pharmacy practice and high quality pharmaceutical care. Counseling promotes patient compliance with prescription regimens and prevents dangerous drug interactions and medication errors. Counseling also promotes informed consent and protects pharmacists against legal risks. However, economic, social, and technological changes in pharmacy practice often force community pharmacists to choose between their professional obligations to counsel patients and business objectives. State and federal legislatures have enacted laws that require pharmacists to counsel patients, but these laws have had mixed results. This essay argues that community pharmacy's patient counseling conundrum can be solved through additional moral education and moral persuasion, not through additional legal mandates.
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  • 10
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: business ethics ; business risk ; conduct risk management ; corporate social responsibility ; ethics ; ethics auditing ; licences to operate ; risk management ; social accountability ; social audits ; social reporting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The explosion of interest in responsible corporate citizenship since 1995 has reminded many of the earlier rapid development of interest in environmental management issues. Active stakeholders and lobby groups have successfully exerted pressures on management for improved corporate behaviour. The paper looks at some recent initiatives and draws conclusions about the imprecise terminologies in use. It moves on to consider tools to better manage business risk exposures within the corporation. The example of the “Business Ethics Strategic Survey” is described, together with the attendant benefits it can deliver to company chairmen, Audit Committees and investment fund managers.
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  • 11
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 23 (2000), S. 29-39 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: applicant ; employee ; employer ; ethics ; human resource ; legal ; reference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract An employer asked to provide a reference for a former or departing employee is confronted with a number of complex legal and ethical concerns. The issue of references is always controversial, involving a balance of employers' fears of legal liability, interests in providing relevant information to prospective employers, and concerns for fairness to former employees. Recently this topic has been the focus of new attention as the result of a court decision holding a former employer legally liable for wrongs committed by a former employee in a new job. In that case, the former employer had provided a positive reference while neglecting to note certain negative aspects of the former employee'sperformance. This paper addresses legal and ethical aspects of the reference dilemma and incorporates responses of human resource professionals to the question of ethical reference policies and practices.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: business ; ethics ; professionals ; purchasing ; supply management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the findings of a study of purchasing and supply management professionals in India conducted to identify the key ethical issues they face in carrying out their work related responsibilities as well as to determine the extent to which various factors appear to be helpful or to present challenges to their efforts to act ethically in the course of their work. The Indian findings are then compared to those for studies conducted among purchasing and supply management professionals in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada. Key findings for the four studies are summarized and implications for business and the professions are presented.
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  • 13
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    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: ethics ; fairness ; insider trading ; rights ; utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Ma and Sun have recently argued that some forms of insider trading are ethically acceptable. We argue that the authors fail to prove three key premises of their argument, which is therefore unsound.
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  • 14
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    Journal of business ethics 26 (2000), S. 289-306 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: case study ; ethics ; landfill siting ; utilitarianism ; waste management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines ethical concerns of the utilitarian paradigm, the greatest good for the greatest number, advocated by many proponents and consultants in siting landfills. The implications of the consequentialist utilitarian approach are considered through the examination of a landfill-site-search case study in Ontario, Canada. Limitations to such an approach, in terms of differing values, equal consideration, equitable participation, distributive justice and the emphasis on non-quantifiable factors are discussed. Recommendations to improve the process are made based on the ethical analysis of the case study.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: business ethics ; communication ; discourse ; ethics ; Habermas ; implicit contracts ; Luhmann ; multicultural organisations ; organisations ; values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract "Ethical Leadership" in modern multicultural corporations is first the consideration of different personal and cultural value systems in decision-making processes. Second, it is the assignment of responsibility either to individual or organisational causalities. The task of this study is to set the stage for a distinction between rational entities and the arbitrary preferences of individuals in economic decision making processes. Defining rational aspects of behaviour in economics will lead to the formal structures of organisational systems, which are independent of concrete but varying “values”. Luhmann's “Theory of systems of communication” describes the internal dynamic forces of economic communication processes in terms of formal structures. On the other hand Habermas' “Theory of discourse” integrates the previous relationship between individual subjectivity and rational behaviour. Habermas gives an indication of how to separate subjective values and meaning from rational arguments in rational communication processes. The translation of these theoretical structures into practical applications for decision making processes and decision taking acts links the ethical, or value-oriented, context precisely to both individual and organisational areas of responsibility.
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  • 16
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    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 175-180 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: code ; company boards ; corporate governance ; ethics ; responsability ; stakeholders approach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the “Report on good corporate governance” (Olivencia Report) from an ethical point of view. This report was drawn up by a group of experts at the request of the National Commission of the Spanish Stock Exchange Commission (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores), in winter 1998, and began to be implemented over late 1998. This paper is the result of several sessions of discussions with businessmen and managers about the role that can be played by the Olivencia Report, its virtues and weaknesses. Our general criticism is that this Report sets out from a concept of the company as Shareholder and not as Stakeholder. This approach affects three concrete aspects of the report that we analyse in greater detail: – The affirmation as to the company's ultimate objective. – The role of the independent non-executive consultant. – The role of the vice president. We believe that this code could be very important and useful for guiding future trends in companies governing bodies, but we think that these weaknesses in its approach represent a lack of ethical sensibility and that it does not match the moral level of a modern society.
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  • 17
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    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 129-144 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: ethics ; guanxi ; Machiavellianism ; mianzi ; social responsibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A model of corporate ethics and social responsibility (CESR) was developed and empirically tested among Chinese business undergraduates in Hong Kong and Singapore. As predicted, it was found that CESR beliefs were negatively related to Machiavellianism and two Confucian concepts, guanxi (interpersonal connections) and mianzi (face). CESR beliefs were also lower among Hong Kong than Singaporean youths. The negative effects of guanxi, mianzi, and Machiavellianism were more pronounced for the Hong Kong than Singapore sample. Implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
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  • 18
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    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: double standard ; ethical judgement ; ethics ; gender ; information systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A number of studies have addressed the question, ``Whois more ethical, men or women?'' Using ethicaljudgement as a measure of how ethical a person is,some studies have found that women are more ethicalwhile other studies have found no differences betweenthe sexes. This study investigates the influencesthat a character's gender, the evaluator's gender, andthe interaction between the two genders have onethical judgements. We conducted an experiment wheresubjects (evaluators) read a scenario that describedan action taken by a character. We found someevidence to suggest that both women and men applygender-based double standards when making ethicaljudgements. The widest gap in ethical judgementoccurred between the female evaluator/male charactergroup and the male evaluator/male character group. Consistent with prior research, we found that femaleevaluators made ethical judgements more consistentwith those of experts.
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  • 19
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    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 207-220 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: business ; business education ; code of ethics ; ethics ; marketing ; teaching ethics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The notion of ethics in business continues to receive considerable attention. Many universities and professional organizations have attempted to address the issue of ethics by adding ethics courses to the curriculum and by creating codes of ethics for individuals working in that field. A study of students in Australia has shown that students majoring in marketing are more prone to less-than-ethical behavior than are other students. In an attempt to better understand the attitudes of future marketers in the US, we examine the attitudes of marketing majors interms of an ethical practices code and with respect toa set of ethical value statements. The ethical perspectives of marketing majors are compared to thoseof other business majors. In addition, the effect of taking a course in ethics is examined.
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  • 20
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    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 379-404 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Keywords: accounting ; context differences ; ethics ; ethical disposition ; gender ; students
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Research into the ethical disposition of students hasbeen popular in recent years. However, research intothe ethical disposition of accounting students inparticular has been sparse. Because of the uniquecharacteristics of those who choose to enter the fieldof accounting, generalizing findings of businessstudents to accounting students may not be valid. Consequently, additional studies of accountingstudents are useful. This study investigates context (academic vs.business)-based and gender-based differences inaccounting students’ ethical intent. We find mixedsupport for gender-based mean differences; theseresults are consistent across context. With regard tocontext we find a greater variability in respondents’behavioral intent in an academic context relative toa business context. We also find gender-baseddifferences in how ethical issues are grouped (thatis, the perceived cognitive structure of ethicalissues). Implications of these findings are discussedwith particular interest relative to education.
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