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  • Chemistry  (51,326)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (21,194)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7,173)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (6,235)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (3,925)
  • Engineering  (3,324)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (3,293)
  • Deutschland
  • 2000-2004  (4,196)
  • 1990-1994  (63,911)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat in German adults (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 31 (1992), S. 130-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: fattyacids ; subcutaneousfat ; nutrition ; trans fattyacids ; atherosclerosis ; Germany ; Fettsäuren ; subkutanes Fettgewebe ; Ernährung ; trans-Fettsäuren ; Atherosklerose ; Deutschland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Fettsäurenkomposition des subkutanen Fettgewebes (SCF) von 47 deutschen Erwachsenen analysiert. Es zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alter bzw. Geschlecht der Probanden und dem Fettsäurenstatus. Monoene bildeten den Hauptanteil der Fettsäuren (FA) im SCF. Linolsäure war die wichtigste mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäure. Linolsäuremetaboliten wurden nur in geringen Mengen gefunden. Im Vergleich zu den Ergebnissen von Studien in den USA und den Niederlanden ist die FA-Zusammensetzung des SCF bei deutschen Probanden durch geringere Anteile von Linolsäure und höhere Anteile von Palmitinsäure gekennzeichnet. Der Gehalt an trans-FA entspricht dem, der bei Frauen in den Niederlanden gefunden wurde, er ist jedoch deutlich niedriger als bei amerikanischen Männern. In der Beurteilung der Unterschiede in der Fettsäurenkomposition des SCF in verschiedenen Ländern sollte jedoch berücksichtigt werden, daß die Anteile der wichtigsten FA in allen untersuchten Populationen eine große interindividuelle Schwankungsbreite zeigten.
    Notes: Summary The fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat (SCF) was analyzed in 47 German adults. No influences of sex or age on the FA status of the probands could be detected. SCF consisted mainly of monoenoic fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid metabolites were found in small quantities only. In comparison to the results of studies in the USA and the Netherlands the FA composition of SCF in German probands was characterized by lower levels of linoleic acid and higher contents of palmitic acid. The trans-FA content was similar to that in Dutch women, but lower than in American male probands. However, in evaluating the differences in the FA composition of SCF in different countries, it has to be noted that there are wide ranges in the proportions of the major FA in all populations studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The consequences of the mutual recognition of measurement standards for international metrology (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Metrology ; Comparisons ; Chemistry ; Standards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  After stressing the importance in the modern world of accurate and reproducible measurements, the actions taken by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures to set up, together with the regional metrology organizations, a series of key comparisons are described. They are the technical foundation of a mutual recognition of national measurement standards arrangement prepared in conjunction with the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). This arrangement also includes the recognition of calibration and measurement certificates issued by these institutes. Then, the consequences of this arrangement for trade are described. The case of chemical analysis is illustrated by the application of the Kyoto protocol on the reduction of greenhouse gases. But the global workload to be taken up by the International Committee of Weights and Measures, its Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance and the NMIs is huge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690000228
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the constancy of X (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 216 (1994), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Hydrogen ; Cloud Models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the CO J=1-0 line are commonly used as a tracer for molecular material in clouds. The ratio of the H2 column density to the integrated intensity of this line,X, is often taken to be constant, despite theoretical and observational uncertainty. We have tried to identify how this ratio depends on cloud parameters, testing a simple theoretical argument suggesting its invariance with respect to density. The apparent constancy can be understood if clouds are clumpy on scales of Av ≈ 1-2 mag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982486
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in the research of artemisinin-related antimalarials: An update (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 16 (1994), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Antimalarials ; Artemisia annua L ; Artemisinin ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Clinical trials ; Pharmacology ; Phytochemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; Toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated fromArtemisia annua L., and a number of its semisynthetic derivatives have shown to possess antimalarial properties. They are all eflective againstPlasmodium parasites that are resistant to the newest and commonly used antimalarial drugs. This article gives a survey of the literature dealing with artemisinin-relaled antimalarial issues that have appeared from the end of 1989 up to the beginning of 1994. A broad range of medical and pharmaceutical disciplines is covered, including phytochemical aspects like the selection of high-producing plants, analytical procedures, and plant biotechnology. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of artemisinin derivatives is discussed, as well as their mechanism of action and antimalarial activity, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, sideeffects and toxicology, and biological activities other than antimalarial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material (1991)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 13 (1991), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Consumer product safety ; Drug packaging ; Environmental pollution ; Plasticizers ; Polyvinyls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this report the state of the art with respect to PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material is described. A general introduction into the applications of PVC is followed by a description of its production process. The metabolic effects of the monomer of PVC, vinyl chloride and of the most commonly used plasticizer diethylhexylphthalate are mentioned. Special attention is given to the pharmaceutical properties of plasticized PVC bags in comparison to other plastics and the environmental aspects of waste PVC disposal. Although there are emotional and political queries regarding the future use of PVC as a (pharmaceutical) packaging material, we conclude that there is no scientific justification for a total or partial ban of PVC. PVC will remain a fact of life as a cheap, versatile, high-performance and well-investigated plastic material for medical and pharmaceutical applications, to be replaced by newer plastics only for certain well-defined indications where the requirements of the plastic to be used are so specific that it will economically and technically be justified to use another polymer. Community and hospital pharmacists have to be prepared for a role in intake of waste plastic disposables, probably against deposit money, in order to fulfil the logistics needed for recycling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981526
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introducing engineering into American secondary education (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 2 (1993), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Engineering ; technological literacy ; hands-on experiments ; active learning ; content instruction ; videotaping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Media reports indicate the decline of the technological literacy of American youth, especially that students in other countries are better prepared in science and mathematics. Our active-learning program, which consists of numerous hands-on experiments, introduces engineering applications into science and math programs, that will demonstrate to students the usefulness of the theory that they currently do not see as useful. The program, when fully developed, will make optimum use of technology, especially computers and videotapes. The hands-on experiments allow students to discover fundamental principles through data analysis and then use the principles to synthesize a solution to a technological problem. This discovery-based education will help school systems better meet performance standards such as those in the Maryland School Performance Plan. The experimental approach to science education is especially important in a technology-oriented economy where children use the new technologies without understanding the principles on which they are based.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694528
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematics and evolution within theCompositae, seen with the eyes of a chemist (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 171 (1990), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Compositae ; Chemistry ; systematics ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The broad knowledge of the chemistry of theCompositae allows the discussion of its relevance for the systematics and evolution within the family. Furthermore a separation into subfamilies can be supported by the observed differences in the distribution of the main constituents in the tribes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940593
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shower Meteoroids: Constraints From Interplanetary Dust Particles And Leonid Meteors (2000)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 88 (2000), S. 35-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Chemistry ; interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) ; Leonids ; meteor trails ; meteoroids ; meteors ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cometary Leonid meteoroids represent a size range in between largest carbon-richIDPs and the smallest CI meteorites. Their dustball structure and chemistry offer anopportunity to constrain hierarchical dust accretion inferred from petrologic studies ofaggregate and cluster IDPs. The Leonid shower meteoroids of known ``comet ejection''ages provide an opportunity to study space weathering of cometary dust over periodsof up to several hundred years. The meteors and aggregate and cluster IDPs displaycontinuous thermal modification of organics and volatile element (Na, K-bearing phases), that occur as discrete minerals and amorphous solids each different response during kinetically controlled ablation. Leonid meteoroids are not excessively Na-rich. The occurrences of Leonid meteors can now be accurate predicted and combined withknowledge better models for the settling rates, collections of surviving dust becomea comet nucleus-sampling mission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013862627781
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the kinetics of the precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1990), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Beschreibung der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit der radikalischen Fallungspolymerisation von Acrylsäure in Toluol wurde ein Modell entewickelt. Die experimentelle Überprüfung des Modells erfolgte durch Messungen in einem isotherm betriebenen Reaktionskalorimeter. Das Modell beschreibt die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit bis zum vollständigen Umsatz in einem Temperaturbereich von 40 bis 60°C.
    Notes: A kinetic model for the free-radical precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in toluene was developed and verified experimentally by using an isothermal reaction calorimeter. The model predicts the rate of polymerization accurately up to complete conversion in the temperature range of 40 to 60°C.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051750109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of electron irradiation on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/EPDM rubber blends (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1990), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über Untersuchungen an Legierungen aus isotaktischem Polypropylen und EPDM-Elastomer berichtet, die mit hochenergetischen Elektronen bestrahlt worden waren. Die Mischungsverhältnisse in den Proben überstrichen sowohl den für elastomermodifizierte Thermoplaste typischen Bereich als auch den der thermoplasticschen Elastomeren. Eine Vernetzung der Komponenten über die Grenzfläche hinweg wurde nachgewiesen. Diese grenzflächenübergreifende Vernetzung bewirkte eine merkliche Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften insbesondere des thermoplastischen Elastomeren.
    Notes: Blends of isotactic polypropylene and EPDM rubber have been treated by electron irradiation in the composition range of rubber modification and in the thermoplastic rubber composition range as well. Mutual crosslinking of the components through the interface could be detected. This intercrosslinking caused a remarkable improvement of the mechanical properties particularly of the thermoplastic rubber.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051750113
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