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  • Artikel  (102.454)
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  • Artikel  (102.454)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cost-effective network design for groundwater flow monitoring (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Groundwater monitoring networks ; Information reliability ; Information scales ; Kalman filtering in groundwater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The extensive use of groundwater resources has increased the need for developing cost-effective monitoring networks to provide an indication of the degree to which the subsurface environment has been affected by human activities. This study presents a cost-effective approach to the design of groundwater flow monitoring networks. The groundwater network design is formulated with two problem formats: maximizing the statistical monitoring power for specified budget constraint and minimizing monitoring cost for statistical power requirement. The statistical monitoring power constraint is introduced with an information reliability threshold value. A branch and bound technique is employed to select the optimal solution from a discrete set of possible network alternatives. The method is tested to the design of groundwater flow monitoring problem in the Pomona County, California.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01547730
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Probabilistic modeling of aerated lagoons: A comparison of methodologies (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 65-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Lagoons ; Ponds ; Facultative ; First-order kinetics ; Complete mixing ; Probabilistic ; Uncertainty ; Environmental ; Stochastic differential equations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two stochastic models are developed to describe the BOD output (i.e. effluent) variation of facultative aerated lagoons in series. One of the models uses the uncertainty analysis (UA) technique and the other is based on the moment equation solution methodology of stochastic differential equations (SDE's). The former considers a second-order approximation of the expectation (SOAE) and a first-order approximation of the variance (FOAV). The SDE model considers that output variability is accounted for by random variations in the rate coefficient. Comparisons are provided. Calibration and verification of the two models are aciieved by using field observations from two different lagoon systems in series. The predictive performances of the two models are compared with each other and with another SDE model, presented in a previous paper, that considers input randomness. The three methods show similar predictive performances and provide good predictions of the mean and standard deviation of the lagoon effluent BOD concentrations and thus are considered as appropriate methodologies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01547733
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of the annual maximum distribution from samples of maxima in separate seasons (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): maximum precipitation depths ; extreme-value distributions ; seasonal variation ; partial duration series ; model misspecification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Quantile estimates of the annual maximum distribution can be obtained by fitting theoretical distributions to the maxima in separate seasons, e.g. to the monthly maxima. In this paper, asymptotic expressions for the bias and the variance of such estimates are derived for the case that the seasonal maxima follow a Gumbel distribution. Results from these expressions are presented for a situation with no seasonal variation and for maximum precipitation depths at Uccle/Ukkel (Belgium). It is shown that the bias is often negligible and that the variance reduction by using seasonal maxima instead of just the annual maxima strongly depends on the seasonal variation in the data. A comparison is made between the asymptotic standard error of quantile estimates from monthlymaxima with those from a partial duration series. Much attention is paid to the effect of model misspecification on the resulting quantile estimates of the annual maximum distribution. The use of seasonal maxima should be viewed with caution when the upper tail of this distribution is of interest.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01543284
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parameter identification in tidal models with uncertain boundary conditions (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Stochastic tidal modeling ; parameter identification ; model calibration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper a parameter estimation algorithm is developed to estimate uncertain parameters in two dimensional shallow water flow models. Since in practice the open boundary conditions of these models are usually not known accurately, the uncertainty of these boundary conditions has to be taken into account to prevent that boundary errors are interpreted by the estimation procedure as parameter fluctuations. Therefore the open boundary conditions are embedded into a stochastic environment and a constant gain extended Kalman filter is employed to identify the state of the system. Defining a error functional that measures the differences between the filtered state of the system and the measurements, a quasi Newton method is employed to determine the minimum of this functional. To reduce the computational burden, the gradient of the criterium that is required using the quasi Newton method is determined by solving the adjoint system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01543083
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the distribution of flood volume in partial duration series analysis of flood phenomena (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Exponential distribution ; bivariate exponential distribution ; distribution of flood volume ; partial duration series
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract A methodology based on the theory of stochastic processes is applied to the analysis of floods. The approach will be based on some results of the theory of extreme values over a threshold. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of the distribution of the flood volume in partial duration series analysis of flood phenomena, by using a bivariate exponential distribution of discharge exceedances and durations over a base level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01543085
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial note (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 254-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544080
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 277-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Water distribution ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; integer programming ; chance constraints ; rehabilation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements. The advantages of the proposed model include the ability to: 1) handle the optimal timing of rehabilitation/replacement for water distribution system components; 2) link a mixed-integer linear program solver, a nonlinear program solver, and a hydraulic simulator into an optimization framework; 3) handle the uncertainties of some of the variables; 4) incorporate various kinds of cost functions; and 5) handle multiple loading conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544082
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of reliability in water distribution networks using entropy based measures (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Entropy ; reliability ; redundancy ; water distribution networks ; nodal pair reliability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Entropy based expressions for measurement of reliability and redundancy have recently been reported. These measures approach assessment of the reliability of the distribution network from the intrinsic redundancy of the network layout. The paper extends earlier work on entropy functions by including a more explicit statement of the alternate paths available in the network and by recognizing that under certain circumstances, e.g., failure of some part of the network work, an outflow link from a node under normal working condition may become an inflow link to the same node. The measures are assessed by comparison with parameters measuring Nodal Pair Reliability and percentage of flow supplied at adequate pressure for a range of networks and link failure conditions in this networks. The entropy measures are shown to reflect changes in the network reliability, as measured by these two comparative parameters, very well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544084
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of risk concepts in partial duration series (1991)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 5 (1991), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Partial duration series ; unbiased risk ; Bayesian risk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Conventional design practice aims at obtaining optimal estimates of floods with specified exceedance probabilities. Such estimates are, however, known on the average to be exceeded more frequently than expected. Alternatively, methods focusing on the expected exceedance probability can be used. Two different methods are considered here; the first is based on the sample distribution of true exceedance probabilities. The second is a Bayesian analogue using the likelihood function and a noninformative prior to describe the variability of exceedance probabilities. Appropriate analytical solutions are presented in both cases using the partial duration series approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544174
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Derivation of bivariate probability density functions with exponential marginals (1991)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 5 (1991), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Bivariate probability distribution ; random variables ; zero marginals ; Finch-Groblicki method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract A vivariate probability density function (pdf),f(x 1,x 2), admissible for two random variables (X 1,X 2), is of the form $$f(x_1 x_2 ) = f_1 (x_1 )f_2 (x_2 )[1 + \rho \{ F_1 (x_1 ),F_2 (x_2 )\} ]$$ where ρ(u, v) (u=F 1(x 1),v=F 2(x 2)) is any function on the unit square that is 0-marginal and bounded below by−1 andF 1(x 1) andF 2(x 2) are cumulative distribution functions (cdf) of marginal probability density functionsf 1(x 1) andf 2(x 2). The purpose of this study is to determinef(x 1,x 2) for different forms of ρ(u,v). By considering the rainfall intensity and the corresponding depths as dependent random variables, observed and computed probability distributionsF 1(x 1),F(x 1/x 2),F 2(x 2), andF(x 2/x 1) are compared for various forms of ρ(u,v). Subsequently, the best form of ρ(u,v) is specified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544178
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