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  • Articles  (2,201)
  • Emerald  (2,201)
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  • Computer Science  (2,201)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 14 (1997), S. 120-127 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The help desk and user support industry has, over the last ten years, risen to prominence as one of the most important areas of the IT and customer services industry. However, it has also become clear that not all help desks have the same requirements, and help desks operating in academic environments find themselves with distinct circumstances and problems. Drawing on research published by the author, and a comprehensive review of recent literature and input from practitioners, addresses these issues which distinguish the help desk in academia. Also finds that it often suffers from difficulty in defining its role and obtaining resources, examines how some institutions have successfully tackled these problems and offers some suggestions for strategies, future developments and sources of expert advice.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web is the most significant advance in mass dissemination of information since the invention of the printing press. Because electronic information is largely display independent, it is accessible to persons with disabilities who have the use of a computer with adaptive technology. Unfortunately, some Web design erects new, needless barriers to the use of this medium. This article outlines some of the problems, describes international activities aimed to transcend these problems and also suggests some simple, immediate solutions.
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  • 3
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 27-28 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reports that the use of new technology in English composition courses is making it easier to teach and to learn how to write, according to instructors and students at the University of Oregon. A new computerized writing classroom and extensive training of instructors in use of the classroom, plus electronic mail and the Internet, are having positive results. About 35 instructors and 750 students benefited from use of the new instructional methods and technology in 1996, according to Ann Alskaya, director of the university's new Center for the Teaching of Writing. Eventually, the changes will affect all 4,000 freshman students who take English Composition at the UO. Later, the center will train faculty members outside the English department who want to incorporate technology and writing into their courses.
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  • 4
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is important to understand the organizational structures and decision making processes in the university and their relationship to the CWIS. This article describes, reviews and summarizes March and Cohens' theories on the university as a structured anarchy. It also raises a list of questions that CWISs struggle with regularly which may be best answered by this theory. A second part of the article describes the companion theory of garbage can decision making proposed by March, Cohen and Olsen. Besides proposing the decision making model, March and Cohen even offer tactics to use in a structured anarchy that can enhance chances of success. Although CWIS problems seem dominated by management of technical questions, the authors feel that the ability to understand the organizational model of an institution and to manage the decision making process may be equally important to success as technical expertise is.
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  • 5
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a Web-based service set up for authors and teachers at the library, Wake Forest University. It involves a Web site which facilitates copyright permission requests, thus encouraging the seeking of permission and freeing up library staff time which had previously been spent helping individual patrons through the process.
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  • 6
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 66-67 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes a teaching strategy developed by three University of Wisconsin-Green Bay faculty members which employs e-mail and the World Wide Web to bring interactivity to large-section, introductory lecture classes.
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  • 7
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on a multi-year effort to change the organizational culture of a very traditional IS unit into one that is "learning organization" and "client service" oriented. It describes the steps taken in the first two years within the context of John Kotter's "eight-stage process of creating major change". The paper sets forth the intent of each phase and the practical steps that have been taken to bring about the desired change. It approaches the process from the perspective of the CIO (the initiator of the process) with a practical appraisal of its success to date from the viewpoint of a long-time university staff member.
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  • 8
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Without reliable electronic records, colleges and universities will be unable to manage and defend themselves - they will lose their memories and be at significant risk. The authors explain the problems associated with the continuing reliability of electronic systems, and define the difference between an "information system" and a "record-keeping system". Collaborative partnerships among information technology staff, archivists, records managers, auditors, lawyers, and others at each campus, and also among professional organizations, are proposed to address these needs.
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  • 9
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes steps that can be taken by all members of the campus community to prevent software piracy. Details the application of copyright law for works of software, then goes on to advocate the development and implementation of a software policy and software audits.
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  • 10
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 122-127 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Regardless of how they are budgeted, information technology (IT) costs must be paid. Most schools offer some computing services at no cost to the individual or unit and some that are charged back to users and units. Typically, common good services are centrally funded, and services that differentially benefit specific individuals or units are charged for. How services are funded often reflects a school's philosophy about IT and about finances. Preferably, IT funding mechanisms deliberately help shape and influence an institution's IT and services philosophy, as opposed to an IT or service philosophy being unintentionally shaped by fiscal policies that follow no particular strategy. Levying fees to users on an individual or departmental basis may yield a different demand and expectation of IT services than when costs are borne by a central budget. Quantity and quality, degree of centralization, and administrative complexity of services are major variables in determining funding. Also at stake is the degree to which an institution wishes to endorse, suppress, control or expand IT services. These issues are specifically illustrated through a case study of the formulation of a new budget and cost accounting model to both finance an institution-wide network upgrade and to maintain that network.
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  • 11
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Administrators and funding agencies are legitimately asking whether our huge investment in information technology is improving higher education. Two surveys conducted at The College of Wooster gathered students' impressions of the impact of e-mail discussion groups and Web pages on their classes, and they show that overall students do see these technologies as beneficial. Other studies are also summarized. But what is the right question? Is it the technology that matters, or is the benefit in how it is used?
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  • 12
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multi-campus/large scale distance learning initiatives increase the complexity of issues, and affect the impact of various quality factors that must be considered in the design and implementation of programs. The impact and interactions of distance education quality factors differs when designing large-scale versus smaller-scale distances learning programs. This article will look at the various quality considerations within a large-scale model, and will look at how decisions were made to ensure quality in the design of the California Virtual University (CVU).
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  • 13
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes work at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, in developing information across the curriculum. Similar to writing competency programs, this approach will require students to take a number of information-intensive courses and necessitate a close partnership between librarians and teaching faculty in establishing requirements, integrating information skills into the curriculum, and evaluating outcomes.
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  • 14
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The introduction of sophisticated information technology to higher education is now forcing faculty and administrators to reexamine the traditional allocations of ownership interests in course materials. This article has been prepared to alert educators and administrators in higher educational institutions to the issues surrounding ownership of electronic course materials. In particular, the article focuses on the allocation of copyright ownership in electronic course materials as between faculty and their sponsoring institutions. While copyright laws vary somewhat from country to country, basic ownership issues will be common to nearly all copyright regimes. Drawing on US copyright law as an example, the article briefly reviews relevant copyright basics, the work made for hire doctrine, and options for contractual allocations of copyright. The article concludes by laying out a series of criteria that should be considered in formulating an institution's intellectual property policy.
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  • 15
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 164-173 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The authors describe the preparation and execution of a statistics and a fine arts course, each of which was offered in parallel to an on-campus classroom group and an online Internet group. The authors address the pedagogical, administrative, and political issues that must be resolved before one can legitimately offer a course of study to an Internet audience that the instructor will never physically see. Pedagogical issues are paramount if the goal is to achieve best teaching practice. In addition, there are numerous administrative hurdles to resolve where admission officers, registrars, and governing boards are working from a traditional mindset where rules and guidelines are based on local geography and physical presence. Further, political issues quickly present themselves, including time issues, faculty-colleague and administrator perceptions of "legitimate teaching activity", and valuations of the course.
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  • 16
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 12-16 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Co-ordinated by their scholarly association, textile/apparel faculty from multiple universities have succeeded in establishing a World Wide Web server dedicated to providing information from across their disciplines to enhance instruction. The process of server establishment and Web-site creation including funding, determination of information for posting, problems encountered, and future plans are reviewed. Other faculty could use this as a guide in establishing servers and Web sites for their own disciplines.
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  • 17
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the Web sweeping through every aspect of campus services, how do you quickly deliver complex services without reinventing the wheel each time? The ability to quickly create support processes allows development staff to be more productive, and provides better service to clients. The use of collaborative development methodologies have been shown to be effective in the delivery of high customer satisfaction, fast prototyping of new services, and rapid deployment of operational processes. Discusses the aspects and benefits of rapidly developing and implementing Web-based services with limited resources, and our success with tools that support collaborative development.
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  • 18
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 174-182 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes the experience of a globally distributed organization, as simulated across three MBA programs. The students, located in each of three countries, worked collaboratively in teams to create a common project, using technology as a means of communication. Observations were made of local team interaction, as well as the intergroup exchange that came about from merging the local teams into a larger global team. The project revealed some weaknesses in technology as a communication tool, as compared to face-to-face interaction. Nevertheless, the findings support traditional group theories - theories developed through observation of face-to-face groups. The existence of mutual accountability and evaluation, superordinate goals, and the tone of the initial group meeting were found to be key for successful task completion and group satisfaction. Building a team in a virtual setting was found to be more difficult than in a face-to-face environment, but not impossible. Team-building factors that might be implied in a local arrangement, had to be made explicit in the virtual setting, as opportunities did not exist for clarifying intentions outside of the meeting place. Additional experience in using the technology as a means of communication should reinforce this need for clarity, as managers become accustomed to fewer opportunities for communicating implications.
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  • 19
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An original computer-based tool, dubbed CyberInteractor, is described. CyberInteractor is designed to facilitate immediate student feedback to an instructor and to other students in a classroom setting or via the World Wide Web. Feedback is saved in a database for educational research purposes. Students view a question that can include pictures, diagrams, a movie or sound clip, random numbers, and calculations involving the random numbers. After responding, they receive feedback showing how other students in the same class have responded. Newsgroups enable students to explain their reasoning. Instructors can give pre-tests and post-tests, and collect the answers and student discussions in files that can be analyzed later, thus facilitating the collection and processing of data from large numbers of students.
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  • 20
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 27-29 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes results of efforts to find institutional models for preventing computer-related repetitive strain injury.
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  • 21
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 24-26 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in-house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non-textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
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  • 22
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 30-38 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
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  • 23
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
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  • 24
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 57-62 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the need for a security firewall. Describes the different firewall technologies and models available for deploying security firewalls. Describes the set of specifications chosen to implement the security firewall at the Tata Energy Research Institute and the approach taken to implement these specifications. Also describes the resources on security mailing lists, including Web sites available on the Internet.
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  • 25
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.
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  • 26
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 70-76 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University strategic planning for information systems and management was investigated for four Indonesian higher educational institutions. A combination of the case study approach and a survey of a small sample of academic staff who have used the systems, was undertaken. Staff perceptions of the service from information systems are described, and related to their perceptions of planning for these systems. A number of evaluations of specific information sources and delivery are given in detail. Policy document analysis showed little information systems planning as part of the university strategic planning. Some observations are made about the influence of strategic information system planning upon successful use of a university's information systems.
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  • 27
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 81-95 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University students often enter physical laboratory sessions with minimal knowledge of the experiments to be conducted and little or no understanding of the underlying concepts that govern the investigations. As a result, lab time is used inefficiently; motivated students lose interest and routine procedures are followed with minimal learning. The authors have developed a set of multimedia modules meant to enhance, not replace, the technical laboratory experience. The modules are akin to well-conceived laboratory manuals applying multimedia tools, such as digital images and video clips, to better prepare the students for upcoming laboratory sessions. The modules are accessible through the Internet and include mechanisms for exchanging information.
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  • 28
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As an instructional medium, the World Wide Web offers a multitude of options for educators. This paper highlights the design, implementation and use of the WWW to provide and evaluate library instruction including: a curriculum- integrated tutorial for learning online resources, critical thinking and other information literacy skills; "Ask a librarian" e-mail reference service; a multi-user object-oriented environment (MOO) for real-time course-integrated instruction and synchronous reference service.
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  • 29
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the steps necessary to design an effective online course. Four essential steps are identified and considered: defining course objectives, providing access to information resources, developing and implementing effective learning strategies, and providing timely, context-specific feedback and motivational support to students. The aim of effective online course design is to produce a network learning environment in which students are able to construct progressively more adequate models of a targeted knowledge domain and acquire competence in using them in real-life situations. In order to accomplish this aim, technology must be used wisely, in pedagogically sound ways, within the context of a supportive institutional infrastructure, and in a manner that avoids some common obstacles to effective online learning.
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  • 30
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 125-130 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e-mail address www@institution.edu The personnel that receive this mail are often ill-prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.
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  • 31
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Virtual reality (VR) is a new computational paradigm that redefines the interface between human and computer. VR may result in a significant improvement over traditional instruction because it is not only an interactive multimedia tool but also a learning environment that is extremely close to reality. Yet there have been few empirical studies on the use of VR compared to that of other computerized or non-computerized educational tools. Examines VR both in different scenarios and for different applications in learning and teaching. The evaluation plan reported here addresses one aspect of such an assessment specifically ± the effect of VR support compared to that of video support in tenth graders' learning of world geography. One world geography course (N = 36) selected for this experiment was composed of five units. A rotation treatment was used, each group using VR for two units and videos for two units; in addition, one unit was optional for every student. Three procedures were used for data collection and analysis: to determine the effect of VR support, competency tests were administered; to determine student attitudinal responses toward VR, students were required to complete a survey and be interviewed; and to determine the tendency of returning to VR, students were given the option of attending the VR lab. This investigation was limited in several respects (e.g. data from a sample of students in a single class may not be representative of the population).
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  • 32
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the effect that campus-based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non-users as well.
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  • 33
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 140-143 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, foreign language teaching can find important resources in technology, the Internet, etc.; but how the teaching of foreign literature, or literature in general, might benefit from technology remains a more open question. The project "Writing La Fontaine" seeks to complement the traditional practice of literary imitation with technology that facilitates writing and peer-editing. The project allows for detailed study of the literary text and may provide a possible model for the use of technology in the teaching of literature.
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  • 34
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the development of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community. Includes such topics as collection development policies, tailoring the site to a specific audience, staff motivation, and site design. Discusses successes, failures and modifications during the first two years of the project.
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  • 35
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 136-139 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on the development of an Internet-based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America's newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet-based course as an alternative to the traditional in-class introductory finance course. In this Internet-based course students are required to participate in a "boot camp" for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web-based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
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  • 36
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how a core group of faculty built the Lucid Chemistry Web Site over four years and how students in large first and second year chemistry courses have started to use it (slowly at first, and now to near 100 percent participation in some classes). The facility has been developed for use by key administrative units (Testing and Evaluation, Computer Services). Now coming to the Lucid Chemistry Web Site are roughly one-half of the chemistry department instructors and tenure-track faculty. Asks whether the task of teaching needs more "builders". Argues that more administrative involvement is needed with material creation and distribution. Will more users come? Yes, 100 percent participation by both teachers and students is a possibility. Mechanisms for achieving this goal are explored.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article profiles the technology-rich environment at Elsik High School in the Alief Intermediate School District on the west side of Houston. The district's $16 million commitment to technology by 2001 is explored. The instructional benefits are featured by departments with a basic outline as to what students are doing in a strong instructional program that is technology-based. Implementation ideas by departments are demonstrated from the art department to the sciences and social studies. After departments are highlighted, the technology available to the administrators, teachers, and staff is showcased. Online technologies, video distribution, and video conferencing are discussed. All of the technological tools and implementation of these tools into and across the curriculum demonstrate Elsik High School's commitment to integrate technology into each and every classroom to better prepare students for the new millenium.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Fachhochschule JOANNEUM (FH JOANNEUM), a university of applied science, founded the Centre for Multimedia and Learning (CML) in 1998, in order to provide support for lecturers in implementing computer-supported learning strategies within their classes. Now, after two years of work and different approaches applied, the CML has developed a strategy which promises a sustainable development for the highly diversified courses offered at the university. Within this article, evaluation results of three different approaches are described and the future strategy of a bottom-up approach is outlined. Based on the results, an in-house training program for the teaching staff has been developed.
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    Campus-wide information systems 18 (2001), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Neural network topology selection refers to a systematic procedure for selecting between competing models. Naturally, it is regarded as a key aspect in optimisation and replicability of neural network performance. When constructing neural network topologies, it is necessary to determine from the outset the general taxonomy of the neural network architectures to be constructed. The taxonomy considered in this study is the general taxonomy of time-varying patterns which subsumes many existing architectures in the literature and points to several promising neural network architectures that have yet to be examined. The context of the problem is that choosing the right neural network topology for use in a particular domain such as corporate bankruptcy prediction with optimum generalisation performance is not, in any case, a trivial problem. The results of experiments presented in this paper would serve as a baseline against which to select between two competing architectures.
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    Campus-wide information systems 18 (2001), S. 28-42 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes several problems with the current Internet technologies and the way they are currently utilized in education and proposes an innovative solution. First, the paper discusses an activity matrix that maps learning activities involved in business education along two dimensions: level of monitoring and level of interaction. The paper then proposes a unifying framework that utilizes emerging Internet technologies to support these learning activities. The framework goes beyond a simple piece of software at the client level to provide a complete solution with the student client, the instructor client and the server level software. Furthermore, the paper describes the architecture, features and specific technologies used in an actual education support system developed from the framework.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 7-18 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines various aspects of the motives, perceptions and expectations connected with the introduction of Internet banking in Danish retail banking. Responses from 60 key managers in the largest retail banks in Denmark show that they believe that Internet banking will become more important in the future, whereas all other distribution channels are predicted to become less important. Describes further the relationship between the perceptions of and expectations from Internet banking, the reasons for offering an Internet bank and the way it has been organized in the banks.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet is gaining popularity as a delivery channel in the banking sector. At the same time, customer needs are changing. A total of 12 Internet banking operations in the UK are analysed under customer empowerment functions and Internet banking Web attributes. Internet banking renders location and time irrelevant, and empowers customers with greater control of their accounts. Banks achieve cost and efficiency gains in a large number of operational areas.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 31-44 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes an approach automatically to classify and evaluate publicly accessible World Wide Web sites. The suggested methodology is equally valuable for analyzing content and hypertext structures of commercial, educational and non-profit organizations. Outlines a research methodology for model building and validation and defines the most relevant attributes of such a process. A set of operational criteria for classifying Web sites is developed. The introduced software tool supports the automated gathering of these parameters, and thereby assures the necessary "critical mass" of empirical data. Based on the preprocessed information, a multi-methodological approach is chosen that comprises statistical clustering, textual analysis, supervised and non-supervised neural networks and manual classification for validation purposes.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 44-55 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Compares the perceptions of Malaysians (representing eastern, Asian culture) and Australians (representing western, European culture) for four Web site design characteristics - atmospherics, news stories, signs and products and services - as part of the integrated Internet marketing model. Under controlled laboratory conditions, two groupings of 30 subjects evaluated eight Web sites - four in Malaysia and four in Australia - in the retail and services sectors. Hypothesises that the predominant culture is not generalised to another culture. Some tentative support for the research premise is found since where a group's perceptions for Web design characteristics and their effectiveness was significantly higher, it was for sites originating in that group's country. Furthermore, perceptions both support and contradict previous research suggesting that Australians prefer an environment of low context and high explicit communications while Asians operate in an environment of high context that stresses implicit communications.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Power has become an important contextual factor in electronic commerce adoption. Persuading trading partners can mean using persuasive power. Hence, the way power is used to influence trading partners will determine the extent to which trust is encouraged during the adoption and integration process. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact of power in EDI adoption. The findings of a case study within an automotive manufacturer indicate that negative (coercive) power left smaller suppliers in a situation of uncertainty, and even conflict, whereas positive (persuasive) power resulted in open communications between smaller suppliers and their buyers, thus building trading partner trust and long-term trading relationships.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the relationship between accessibility to information technology and research publications among users of agricultural libraries in Nigeria. A self-constructed questionnaire, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.90, was used to collect data. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and a response rate of 78.7 per cent was obtained. Data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and the student t-test. Results showed that there was no significant association between accessibility and research publications. The finding is discussed in the context of information technology benefits in developing countries generally. Suggestions are proffered on how to improve the benefits of IT access.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 102-113 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents the findings of an empirical investigation of Internet shopping in Singapore. Specifically, Internet buying behaviour is compared between potential Internet buyers and non-Internet buyers. It was found that the classification of different types of products and services will significantly influence the consumer choice between a retail store and Internet shopping mall. The types of products and services that are suitable for selling through the Internet are also identified. Generally, products and services that have a low outlay, are frequently purchased, have intangible value proposition, and relatively high on differentiation are more likely to be purchased via the Internet. Based on the analysis and results obtained from the study, some recommendations are presented to retailers who are interested in selling their products via the Internet.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 72-83 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the issue of business-to-business e-commerce implementation and the factors affecting it, considering the appropriateness of the various theories which underpin research into systems implementation (primarily diffusion of innovation and traditional change management theory). Describes the results of a case study of BHP Steel, the largest steel producer and one of the largest companies in Australia, which is a leader in e-commerce implementation. The results suggest that, over time, the driving force for e-commerce changed significantly. From an initial push to improve current business processes by adopting EDI to achieve savings and improve efficiency, the company came to be driven by a desire for greater supplier involvement and customer service in later implementations. Discusses the ways in which BHP Steel's e-commerce innovations have changed and suggests that, in addition to considering the characteristics of the innovation process, other more contextual aspects of implementation (such as the social system in which the innovation evolves and the timing of the innovation's introduction) be considered in an inter-organizational context.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 114-125 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce has recently shown enormous potential to take over a significant share of the sales market. There is a need to provide services that can reach individual computer users with different information profiles and levels of expertise. In this article the concept of Web assistants, human assistants working in an electronic Web shop, is presented. This human-computer collaboration provides intelligent and adaptive services via an integrated communication media. A prototype of a Web assistant system has been implemented. While browsing through the system the user can call for human assistance should the need arise. Presents the results of a usability study performed on the prototype system. Recent commercial moves in the direction discussed in this article increase the importance of the usability study. The results are encouraging, especially when it comes to the attitude aspects of usability. The subjects were extremely enthusiastic about the concept of Web assistants and its implications. The human Web assistant who participated in the field trial highlighted the importance of user modelling. Although the system is mainly in the context of electronic commerce, it can be used in many other contexts. These include home automation, digital libraries, and technical support, to name a few.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 170-181 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the use of information technology in the UK National Health Service (NHS) as the government pledges to connect every doctor or general practitioner (GP) to the NHS's information superhighway by the year 2002. This paper uses a case study of a particular UK health authority as a vehicle to illustrate the complexity of the social and technical considerations surrounding this issue. At a grass roots level, the adoption and diffusion of information technology within general practices (surgeries or groups of GPs) is highly varied and there are huge contrasts in the levels of commitment to information management. Within the case study this is evident on an individual level, in that some GPs enthuse about technology, while others are positively "technophobic". On the general practice level, there are other elements to consider, especially in relation to the levels of financial support available. Non-fund holding general practices in socially deprived areas are far less willing to embrace information management and technology. One explanation suggested for this is based on priorities: when faced with the option of "cruising" the information superhighway, as opposed to treating seriously ill patients living in socially deprived areas, the former may simply be relegated as less important.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 215-226 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, it is argued that the concept of mass customization should not be treated as an alternative strategy to market segmentation. It should be seen as an integral part of market segmentation theory which offers the best way to satisfy individual consumer's unique needs and wants while yielding profits to companies. Though the overall objective of the concept of mass customization is to recognize individual differences among customers and modify the offerings accordingly, by using the logic of the segmentation theory, this paper argues that mass customization is also not simply equal to segmenting-to-one. If all the relevant variables that affect buyer behavior are taken into account, the result is an untenably large number of market segments (finally segment of one). However, practically, creating separate marketing programs for each individual in most circumstances will become extremely difficult, even not feasible, and less profitable. In response to this dilemma, this paper proposes a new concept of "Segment-based mass customization". The basic idea behind this concept is that, mass customization is the efforts of reaching a segment unit efficiently and profitably. The efficiency and profitability will be determined by whether the mass customization is based on an optimal segment size, which is subject to the market situation and company resources. Finally, this paper comes up with a series of propositions which are relevant to developing a good customization strategy.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 238-245 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The paper explains the background to experimental work that was conducted with the aim of measuring aspects of the WWW (specifically the average lifetime of a web link and the impact of the "Millennium Bug"), but which inadvertently caused two perceived security breaches on remote systems. The paper explains the nature of these incidents and considers why, when over 700,000 IP addresses were randomly sampled in the experimental study, only two sites considered the activity to be an attempt to breach their security. It is concluded that, while the appropriate protection of Internet-based systems is undoubtedly of importance, the problems experienced during the experimental study suggest a lack of uniformity in what different organisations will class as a security breach.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 246-255 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Software is the intellectual capital output of the codified knowledge of a programming team. The development cost is high, but the variable cost of sale is substantially lower (negligible) than for hard goods. Unfortunately, there does not exist a valid or reliable measure to value software. The trend has been to align pricing to the activities that buyers realize value from. However, new architectures change the nature of where value is realized and how service becomes part of the equation. There does not exist a perfect generic pricing model. Vendors must understand the value they provide to their customers and create a price structure that aligns pricing with value realization, but more importantly facilitates their business objectives of the product (and service).
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A huge upsurge in the growth of e-mail is expected but there has been relatively little published advice on how to take a corporate view of electronic mail, despite demonstration of its operational benefits and of the consequences of its misuse in economic, human and lately in legal terms. This article contributes to formation of such advice. Employing a mix of questionnaire and interview methods, a set of disparate organisations was studied - a global financial services company, an upmarket hotel group, a well-established mobile-telecommunications company, and three universities. The results were used to devise a multi-dimensional "positioning" model, for practical use by managers to understand their organisations' present use of e-mail on four dimensions: information management, people influences, corporate culture, and knowledge management. Shows how an organisation can find/change its present position on the model.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 329-346 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This project developed and implemented a prototype WWW-based instructional learning system modeled around a metacognitive research and development framework which mapped cognitive variables, to metacognitive learning strategies for those variables, to metadata for the instructional design of the media. The framework helped delineate learning strategies and related metacognitive attributes of young students acquiring knowledge in advanced science concepts in an Internet/browser-based environment. The framework also provided a basis for learner-specific Internet content personalization.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 346-356 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a case research study into how knowledge workers adopt telework as an alternative work arrangement. It reports how knowledge workers in two New Zealand organisations organise their workload to take advantage of the information and Internet technology available to them in their work and home environments. The findings of the study indicate that knowledge workers are inclined to use home-based teleworking as an adjunct to the work done during normal business hours. Their preference is still to work at the office for most of their work time. Discusses the implications of the findings for practice and research.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 365-374 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes some of the key findings of academic papers presented at the First World Congress on the Management of Electronic Commerce, which took place in January, 2000, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, sponsored by McMaster University. The conference was attended by 243 delegates from more than 25 countries. Outlines two meta-management issues including: the importance of taking a strategic approach to Internet ventures as well as considering infrastructure design during implementation. Several of the papers presented fell into three broad functional categories including operations, human resources and marketing. Finally, a summary of internationalization and education implications is discussed.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 459-470 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explores how the spread of connectivity and the introduction of new standards is driving the emergence of entirely new value constructs that deliver to multiple stakeholders. Examines the new economics of network growth and the associated "economics of increasing returns". Looks at the dynamic trajectory of this function from the perspective of new business development at the various stages of the trajectory, and derives management implications for each stage in terms of appropriate competitive and market strategies, organizational structure and management practices. Applies the resulting framework to discuss specific implications for the business start-up of Access Point, Philips' new multimedia, voice technology-based information and on-line services venture that has at its core a disruptive technology.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 374-384 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce has existed in the business-to-business marketplace since the 1970s, in forms such as electronic data interchange (EDI) and electronic funds transfer (EFT). With the emergence of the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, electronic commerce entered a new era which opened the door for an electronic business-to-consumer marketplace. Although the retail side of electronic commerce is still in its infancy, the Web medium offers great potential for building the customer-base, promoting sales, and improving after-sales service. Examines the concept of relationship marketing, which has caused a paradigm shift in business-to-business marketing during recent years. Extends the concepts of network marketing to the Web retail marketplace, and develops a market process model for Web retailing that outlines the stages of the relationship building process.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 385-395 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: E-commerce technologies provide effective and efficient ways in which corporate buyers can gather information rapidly about available P/S (products and services), evaluate and negotiate with suppliers, implement order fulfillment over communications links, and access post-sales services. From the supplier side, marketing, sales, and service information is also readily gathered from customers. Building and maintaining customer relationships is the key to success in e-commerce and, unless service is maintained, customer loss may result, more than offsetting any cost efficiencies due to introducing e-commerce technology. Since the core of e-commerce is information and communications, support for managing customer relationships is available to those who know how to use it. Discusses how technology can be used to encourage and facilitate customer-business relationships. Shows through a customer relationship life cycle model how the management of related procurement functions in customer companies can adjust to take advantage of these relationships.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 396-405 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Software agents are computer programs that run in the background and perform tasks autonomously as delegated by the user. Although there has been much research on this topic recently, usable software agents are at an early stage of development, and are only now starting to appear in real applications. Typical of these early stages, there has been a technology focus, rather than a product focus, in much of the development work to date. A fruitful application area for software agents is in the area of e-commerce, where potential buyers can easily be overwhelmed by the flood of information that is available, thus potentially making less than optimal purchasing decisions. This paper blends models from marketing and learnings from the field of decision support systems to build a framework for the design of software agents to support in e-commerce buying applications.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 406-417 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: E-commerce enables new kinds of business models to coordinate a value chain. Coordination of the value chain can be accomplished using direct communication or with the help of intermediaries such as brokers, dealers and auctions. The role of electronic intermediaries is becoming increasingly more important. The introduction of new business models in a value chain is a cumbersome process, due to the complexity of the value chain, unclear implications, different goals and interests of the stakeholders and unclear business models. Therefore, there is a need for a business engineering methodology that supports the design and development of new business models by helping the identification of these new business models and by providing insight into the implications of these business models. A business engineering methodology is presented that supports the identification and evaluation of various alternative value chain configurations. The goal of this methodology is to give stakeholders insight into their current, and possible alternative, situations by means of visualization, to evaluate the added value of business models using simulation and to gain experience with the new business models using gaming.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 451-459 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce enables organizations to form virtual organizations. Shifting between different linkages of the partners for satisfying a need is the major characteristic of the virtual organization, and meta-management beyond the individual organizational level must be applied in order to optimize the benefit for the entire organizational network. This paper proposes a meta-management support system to support the meta-management in virtual organizations. Object-oriented organization modeling and virtual value chain analysis are used to implement the proposed meta-management support system.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 439-450 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The balanced scorecard is a formal management technique that is built on the premise that measurement is a prerequisite to strategic management. A broad range of business goals can be incorporated in the scorecard and realistic performance targets can be aligned with business strategies. Electronic commerce is rapidly becoming concerned with the many different ways organisations do business and is therefore an area of strategic concern to organisations. A case study of the implementation of the balanced scorecard in a public utility will be analysed to suggest how the basic concepts and philosophy of the balanced scorecard can be retained in its adaptation to the strategic management of electronic commerce.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 418-425 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A key benefit of advances in information technology has been the increased ability to make decisions that integrate different perspectives. Enterprise resource planning software integrates information from traditionally disparate parts of the same organization. Search engines and Internet services allow a user to integrate information from sources all over the world. So what kind of integrated decisions can the e-commerce supplier or customer make? From a technological perspective, the answer to this question depends on the following: how a given organization presents its information to others, and how it finds the right information from others. A useful tool for e-commerce suppliers and customers to make integrated decisions is an enterprise model, a computational model of the knowledge about an enterprise - its products, processes, organizational structures, resources, goals, and constraints. Sharable knowledge, once organized and represented in an enterprise model, can then be integrated by the modelled enterprise's e-commerce partners. Presents background on enterprise modelling followed by the key managerial and technological challenges in extending traditional models of the enterprise for e-commerce. Finally, discusses research to address some of these challenges.
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 15-22 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a networked virtual environment, a type of virtualreality most commonly known as a "MUD" or a"MOO", which was used at an internationally-attendedscientific conference held on the Internet. Interviews with conferenceattendees indicated enthusiasm for the effectiveness of the medium, andrevealed how the virtual environment can be modified to improveconferencing efficacy. Such alterations included: novel input-outputcontrol management; automation of conference registration; control ofanonymous or guest connections; simplification of conference centertopography; an improved methodology for recording discussion sessions;use of moderated rooms to compensate for network lag; and providingbuffers to update late arriving participants. Concludes that networkedvirtual environments provide an inexpensive means for effectiveinternational conferencing on the Internet.
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 32-36 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Provides a guide to the increasing number of zoos and associatedsites now using the Internet. Investigates the multiple roles of theInternet for zoos, their staff and visitors, in helping them tocommunicate science and provide a cultural service to the public, inaddition to serving as a means of marketing and publicity.
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  • 68
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses electronic peer review of academic papers on the Internet. Looks at the changes which may occur with the shift from paper to electronic media. Proposes some guidelines for authors, editors and reviewers using electronic publishing.
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  • 69
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 10-16 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Outlines the principle of the Dutch auction, whereby the price begins at a high level and decreases by steps until a bid is made. Describes an integrated hardware and software system which uses Internet communications to enable remotely created bidders to participate in real-time Dutch auctions and which meets the stringent requirement that synchrony be maintained among bidders' terminals to ensure that each bidder has a fair chance to bid at the current offer price. Defines the principal functions of the system and characterizes its available resources. Illustrates implementation using a prototype design. Pays particular attention to bidder terminal synchronization, bidder authentication, and auction client security. Includes the possibility of a system variant using ISDN interconnect and PC-based bidders' terminals.
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  • 70
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 31-41 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As the set of people using computers becomes larger and less cohesive, it is becoming important to educate users about their ethical responsibilities. Design of an effective campus computer ethics policy requires awareness of numerous cultural, technical and legal issues. Especially important are the cultural splits between power users and utilitarian users, and between "old world" and "new world" philosophies of computer ethics. Discusses those issues and presents the University of Georgia's ethics policy as a model to aid those developing similar policies at other institutions.
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  • 71
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    Internet research 5 (1995), S. 17-30 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Provides a new answer to the resource discovery problem, which arises because although the Internet makes it possible for users to retrieve enormous amounts of information, it provides insufficient support for locating the specific information that is needed. ALIBI (Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of Information) is a new tool that succeeds in locating information without the use of centralized resource catalogs, navigation, or costly searching. Its powerful query-based interface eliminates the need for the user to connect to one network site after another to find information or to wrestle with overloaded centralized catalogs and archives. This functionality was made possible by an assortment of significant new algorithms and techniques, including classification-based query routing, fully distributed cooperative caching, and a query language that combines the practicality of Boolean logic with the expressive power of text retrieval. The resulting information system is capable of providing fully automatic resource discovery and retrieval access to a limitless variety of information bases.
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  • 72
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, information technology is fundamental to the operation of most businesses, whether they are small companies or multinational corporations. In recent times, the implementation of local and wide area networks and the installation of computing equipment in office areas has brought information technology to nearly every working environment. The result is an increasing dependence on the availability, integrity and confidentiality of information stored and processed by these systems. As the trend shifts from "fortress" style central computer facilities to distributed systems located in generally less secure office environments, the risk of disruption increases, owing to lack of physical security, support services limitations and absence of site monitoring. The net result is higher business impact coupled with greater exposure. Identifies the elements that are at risk, discusses the issues businesses face when seeking to minimize exposures, suggests some practical solutions and describes some selected events that illustrate the hazards associated with having inadequate protection.
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  • 73
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 79-80 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the problems created by shortfalls in the performance of certain information highway services, Asyncrous Transfer Mode, and in the behavior of users. Describes individual attempts which are being made to iron out these problems, in effect introducing a system of "policing" the network.
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  • 74
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Refers to the growing popularity of "Fidonet" in Africa and compares it with the Internet. Acknowledges that developing countries may miss the information revolution because they lack national information infrastructures and the knowledge and skills required to provide the relevant content for them. Argues that global information should promote human development in areas such as education, health, social services and commercial activity. The Conference of African Ministers recently declared support for the building of Africa's information highway, recognizing the need for African countries to develop information networks for full Internet connectivity, enabling access to the same information systems for Africa's economic recovery and sustainable development.
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  • 75
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 92-96 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet is increasingly used by management professionals to support information gathering and research activities. However, the different sources of information on the Internet (i.e. electronic journals, online databases, messages posted to groups of readers, and e-mail) must be carefully utilized by the prudent manager. In particular, examines three issues surrounding the use and citation of information received via the Internet. The first issue addresses problems surrounding the accuracy and recency of information obtained on the Internet. The second issue focusses on properly categorizing the type of information received. The last issue examines how to reference properly information obtained from the Internet that is used in academic and industrial research. Concludes with a section on ethical issues related to electronic media.
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  • 76
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the challenges that shopping and other commercial transactions on the Internet pose for the retail industry. An increasing number of shopping malls, selling an ever-widening selection of products, are becoming available on the Internet. There are, however, still a number of challenges facing the Internet retailer and shopper. These include: locating the shops, comparison shopping, security, especially in relation to financial transactions, the customer base and profile, the nature of the shopping experience, and legal and marketplace control or lack of them. It is possible to make money on the Internet without selling, but by using the Internet to support other business processes. Currently, many retailers are exploring the potential of the Internet, but the market is still in its infancy. Retailers do, however, report increasing sales and a positive contribution to marketing from visibility on the Internet.
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  • 77
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 10-21 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic publishing needs a strong input of marketing thinking. Technological hype has created a sales fetish which has little evidence to support its claims. The substantive benefits when a broader perspective is taken for authors and readers are very significant, including considerably faster publication and much wider dissemination via Internet. Archival knowledge and current awareness/browsing of the body of knowledge and information require quite different marketing approaches. Little attention has been given to their discrete needs. Draws comparisons from retailing theory and from the emerging range of experimental cases from Internet pioneers to identify robust strategies for short- and medium-term action by publishers. They imply a determined effort to avoid hard selling and product-driven mindsets in favor of exploitation of the scope for interactive and integrated marketing to authors and readers alike.
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  • 78
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 22-28 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Proposes the "cyberpunk librarian" as an identity for the librarian able to operate in the emerging cyberspace. Describes the properties and culture of this electronic frontier. Reviews a broad range of literature to identify future directions for libraries and librarians who will have to seek a response to the major social impact of technology-driven change. Argues that librarians are presented with an opportunity to reaffirm and assert their professional values and beliefs. They can help to shape a vision of cyberspace that provides benefits to society and individuals based on a fair and equitable distribution of information resources.
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  • 79
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Briefly assesses the growth and impact of the Internet, which provides an opportunity for all businesses to use it as a cheap source of communication for more focussed strategic advantage. Outlines some of its benefits and disadvantages if it is used in this way.
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  • 80
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Outlines the reasons for the formation of an Internet-based bank in 1995. States that financial services providers must take any opportunity to provide easier customer access.
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  • 81
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 44-47 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Defines intellectual property rights and infringement. Looks at the current relevant legislation; assesses the extent to which right owners can seek redress, and prevent adaptation of a work, making of transient or incidental copies and the storing of works in any medium by electronic means. Discusses how the inherent territoriality of law and remedy relates to the online world.
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  • 82
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses some of the problems designers face in building catalogs in large networks and relates them back to the resource discovery problem. Currently many catalogs tend to be built in an ad hoc fashion - which leads to a great variety in the quality of publicly accessible network catalogs. Furthermore, the research surrounding these catalogs tends to focus on narrow technical issues - resulting in difficult-to-use catalogs. Addresses this problem by providing a usability framework based on the library science and human computer interaction literature, and demonstrates some of those principles via an example of a prototype. Results are interesting to resource discovery tool developers in that a framework for understanding the general resource discovery problem is provided and some techniques for dealing with those problems are presented.
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  • 83
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 48-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reviews the growth of TayNet, a local service provider which was established to support the development of businesses in Tayside by providing local access to the Internet. Describes the computer, communication and software components of the TayNet Point of Presence along with the technical and end-user evaluation of the pilot phase. Provides sample performance figures along with connection statistics for 45 active participants during an audit week. Describes technical problems experienced and end-user requested features and end-user perceptions and opinions of TayNet and the Internet.
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  • 84
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 64-70 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains how the NASA Technical Report Server, a World Wide Web report distribution NASA technical publications service, has been modified for performance enhancement, greater protocol support and human interface optimization. Results include: parallel database queries, significantly decreasing user access times by an average factor of 2.3; access from clients behind firewalls and/or proxies which truncate excessively long Uniform Resource Locators; access to non-Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) databases and compatibility with the Z39-50.3 protocol; and a streamlined user interface.
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  • 85
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 90-92 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Looks at the possible directions in which the information superhighway could take us, considering both the benefits of increased knowledge and subsequent increased participation and also the dangers such as the excess of raw information. Suggests that this information needs to be structured and packaged if it is to have a positive effect. Considers these points in a global sense in terms of humanity as a whole.
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  • 86
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that the discussion of online payments, while ultimately being a key issue for the future Information SuperHighway, is as significant now as it ever will be. The explosive increase in the use of the Internet has seen the emergence of commercial services and pressures previously restricted to Compuserve and the like. Many predictions see this burgeoning electronic marketplace becoming a significant component of the world economy. However, this can only happen once two key problems have been addressed, namely, protecting property rights, and making payments. This has led to a frantic battle for payment mechanisms that can provide the new medium with the means of conducting transactions. Identifies the key commercial requirements that successful use of the Internet will impose on a payment mechanism. Identifies the different types of mechanisms that are proposed, on trial or in use on the Internet. Evaluates each of these mechanisms against the requirements to determine which (if any) are really suitable for electronic commerce.
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  • 87
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An estimated 30 million people make use of the Internet not only for electronic mail (e-mail), but also to peruse databases, view photographs and videos and find travel information and weather reports. Innovative data systems managers can offer business solutions by integrating the capabilities of the Internet into their business environment. The Internet offers vast communication resources to enhance product development and system support. Offers an introduction to the communication resources of the Internet and provides several specific examples of business solutions in the areas of e-mail communications, business applications software support, system design and databases. An awareness of these global solutions by today's managers may stimulate an increased appreciation of the power of electronic communications and an encouragement of co-operative work, using electronic media.
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  • 88
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains that an on-line ISO 9001-based management system has been developed using the World Wide Web (WWW), a hypermedia system and part of the Internet. Subject matter is presented as an alphabetical list of linked encyclopedia-style entries. Numerous navigational techniques are available, and the system allows the user several different routes to particular information. ISO 9001 and Tickit cross-references are incorporated, together with linked process diagrams, a topic-based change log and electronic forms. The level of detail presented on screen may be controlled by users.
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  • 89
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 24-30 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that with the increasing sophistication and complexity of Web sites, and the prospect of serious business being done through them, a review of the legal aspects of the site should be an integral part of the site design process. Discusses different ways of setting up a Web site, some of the legal consequences that attach to each and some ways of managing the risk of liability.
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  • 90
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: By the year 2000 over a billion people will be connected to the electronic network commonly known as the Internet. Already the Internet can easily be accessed by anyone who has a reasonably configured PC with Netscape Mosaic software and a modem. This network constitutes a whole new marketplace in its own right. Already thousands of firms are marketing their products and services on the Internet. Asks will marketing change in this new electronic environment? Will firms and their networks change as they become involved in this new environment? Suggests there is some evidence that the traditional manipulation of the marketing mix has to be modified for the new environment, value chains may become multidimensional and significant disintermediation may occur as customers link directly electronically with their suppliers. Discusses these issues emphasizing transformation of firms and their networks as they move into the new electronic environment.
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  • 91
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 41-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Investigates whether faculty who use computer mediated communication (CMC) achieve greater scholarly productivity as measured by publications and a higher incidence in the following prestige factors: receipt of awards; service on a regional or national committee of a professional organization; service on an editorial board of a refereed journal; service as a principal investigator on an externally funded project; or performance of other research on an externally funded project. Also investigates whether faculty who use CMC at less research-oriented institutions realize disproportional benefit from their use of CMC. Data were collected in Fall 1994. A positive relationship was found between the frequency of use of CMC and publications, including coauthored publications. CMC users also had a higher incidence of prestige factors. In addition to statistically significant relationships between CMC use and productivity measures, faculty judged CMC to be of some utility to their productivity. Nevertheless, there did not appear to be a "democratizing effect" which would yield disproportionate benefit to those from less research-oriented institutions.
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  • 92
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 64-74 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains that a corporate Web application is a corporate information system that uses World Wide Web technology to provide easy access to a wide variety of corporate information resources for internal and external users on a wide variety of platforms in geographically distributed locations. Corporate Web applications go beyond corporate web pages in that they serve a specific set of business objectives beyond providing a presence on the World Wide Web. As with all types of information systems, there are two approaches to Web application development: top-down and evolutionary. Evolutionary development is exploratory and appropriate for learning about the technology and the application domain. However, evolutionary development leads to complex applications that are difficult to use and difficult to maintain. Top-down development organizes the complexity of these applications and produces applications that can: meet business objectives; be developed by a programming team; and be maintained by people other than the developers. Provides a methodology for top-down development of corporate Web applications.
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  • 93
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Points out that there is a growing trend to delivering more efficient and more effective products and services with fewer and fewer resources. This trend is reflected in both the commercial and government sectors. The Internet is being viewed as the vehicle that could resolve many of these business delivery challenges. With the advent of public key security and certification, the transition from current business delivery to future Internet-based systems is now possible. Deals with how public key cryptography may be used for business applications in the future, and also considers the theoretical applications of public key technology and certification processes. Examples of current technical solutions will be addressed in a future paper.
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  • 94
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that one reason for the relative lack of commercial success of the information superhighway may be lack of precise information. This has led Ernst & Young to provide a thorough appraisal of the benefits and associated risks. Summarizes the concepts managers need to understand in order to assess the impact of the information superhighway. Outlines some steps managers can take in order to ensure that their organizations are prepared for future changes.
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  • 95
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 82-84 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how one company, National Semiconductor Corp., has take a major step forward maximizing the potential of the Internet for its own benefit. Explains how the company began by studying and identifying its customer base. They then developed a means of using the Web to identify the information their customers required, and supplying it. Outlines the advantages of this method of disseminating information over traditional methods.
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  • 96
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the problems and triumphs encountered while setting up Marcel, a prototype electronic document delivery system being tested at the University of Northern Colorado, USA; and the progression from sending MIME messages to each other, and then to individual patrons. Touches briefly on software and hardware requirements and availability. Finally, looks at this pilot project's future potential.
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  • 97
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The schools of information studies of today place training for work in distributed computing environments at the core of the curriculum. However, this was not the case ten years ago. Looks, therefore, at the current role of traditionally trained librarians. Focusses on the experience of the University of Michigan Library's Documents Center, and how the collection development principles learned for selection of traditional library media apply today to selecting Internet materials.
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  • 98
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Image processing technologies are offering considerable potential for library and information units to extend their databases by the inclusion of images such as photographs, paintings, monograph title-pages and maps. Discusses problems and potential solutions in a structured fashion based on categories of thesauri (text and visual), hybrids, description language and automatic content analysis, with state-of-the-art examples.
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  • 99
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: MOOsburg is a community-oriented multi-user domain. It was created to enrich the Blacksburg Electronic Village by providing real-time, situated, interaction, and a place-based information model for community information. We are experimenting with an implementation fundamentally different from classic multi-user domains object-oriented (MOOs), supporting distributed system development and management, and a direct manipulation approach to navigation. To guide the development of MOOsburg, we are focusing on a set of community-oriented applications, including a virtual science fair.
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  • 100
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    Internet research 11 (2001), S. 74-83 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The paper is about how to use the World Wide Web (Web) for education. After a brief review of this area, the main issues regarding the use of Web for education are discussed. Based on this discussion, a design, a preliminary implementation of a prototype, the experience gained from this work and future work are described and a few conclusions drawn. Experience from the trial of the system shows that the Web is a cost-effective technology to facilitate the development of educational applications across the Internet.
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