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  • Development
  • Springer  (200)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (129)
  • 1970-1974  (60)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (200)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    AI & society 13 (1999), S. 247-262 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: China ; Development ; East Asia ; Globalisation ; Information and communication technology ; Science and technology policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Science and technology development is increasingly driven by the requirements of a globalising world economy. Information and communication technologies both support this globalisation process, and provide opportunities to participate in it. However, the process of development is not uniform. Within nation states and within regions there is considerable inequity in the scale and pace of development. Successful science and technology policies require an understanding of location within a global production network and of local capabilities. This paper explores the prospects for such policies in the context of North East Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 8 (1996), S. 217-228 
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Keywords: Complex systems ; Complex train equipment ; 3-D CAD systems ; Design ; Development ; Geometric abstraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper focuses on the development of a CAD-based tool for the design of complex systems layout, where the primary objective is to compress time to market. We describe the concept for a library which contains necessary information for the conceptual stage of the design process based on the features technology. The stored information has both geometric and non-geometric characteristics. Geometric information is the core of the CAD-based tool. It is in the form of a geometry library which contains systematically abstracted 3-D CAD models. We introduce guidelines for geometric abstraction so that large layouts can be constructed and analysed in 3-D CAD systems. Besides a simplified version of the virtual model of a product, non-geometric information such as functionality, mode of action, costs, material properties, etc., are provided. The method described has been applied for the design of complex train equipment. The results reveal that the lead time required to develop an equipment layout is reduced to about 70 compared with early designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 15 (1998), S. 313-324 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Development ; Embodiment ; Gender ; Irrigation ; Post-structuralist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper is not a critique of waterpolicies, or an advocacy of alternatives, but rathersuggests a shift of emphasis in the ways in whichgender analysis is applied to water, development, andenvironmental issues. It argues that feministpolitical ecology provides a generally strongerframework for understanding these issues thanecofeminism, but cautions against a reversion tomaterialist approaches in reactions to ecofeminismthat, like ecofeminism, can be static and ignore theagency of women and men. The paper draws attention tothe subjectivities of women and their embodiedlivelihoods as a more useful approach to understandingthe ways in which women relate to water in bothirrigated agriculture and domestic provisioning.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 17 (2000), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Corporate regime ; Development ; Food security ; Globalization ; Market rule ; Organic agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the developmentalist era,industrialization has simultaneously transformedagriculture and degraded its natural and culturalbase. Food production and consumption embodies thecontradictory aspects of this transformation. Thispaper argues that the crisis of development hasgenerated two basic responses: (1) the attempt toredefine development as a global project, includingharnessing biotechnology to resolve the food securityquestion, and (2) a series of countermovementsattempting to simultaneously reassert the value oflocal, organic foods, and challenge the attempt on thepart of food corporations and national and globalinstitutions to subject the food question to marketsolutions. It is proposed that the power of food liesin its material and symbolic functions of linkingnature, human survival, health, culture and livelihoodas a focus of resistance to corporate takeover of lifeitself.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 16 (1999), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Conflict management ; Conservation ; Development ; Parks ; Protected areas ; Resident peoples ; Slash-and-burn agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The national park model originating in the unique circumstances of mid-19th century North America has been widely applied in the developing countries of the late 20th century, provoking numerous land-use conflicts between parks and resident peoples. Key factors in understanding these conflicts are examined using the field experience of the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar. A conflict management strategy is suggested for alleviating such antagonism and facilitating the investigation of mutually acceptable conservation and development pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 259-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteocyte ; Calvarium ; Histology ; Development ; Calcium ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des cartes tissulaires ainsi que les caractéristiques et propriétés cellularires ont été relevées au cours d'une étude de microscopie optique du développement de la calotte cranienne de souris, avant la naissance, jusqu'au 26ème jour. Les population d'ostéocytes de moitiés droite et gauche de ces calottes sont semblables, mais décroissent avec le temps dans un volume donné. De petites plages limitées de matrice osseuse se colorent pour le phosphate (ou carbonate) de façon plus nette que la matrice environnante, qui se colore légèrement après coupe. Les divers types ostéocytaires se distinguent par les réactions histochimiques du calcium et du phosphate, qui sont associés dans les cellules osseuses de façon complexe, variant dans le temps et la localisation. Ces deux constituants ne sont pas toujours présent dans les cellules des diverses régions, ou dans la même localisation dans un type cellulaire donné. En tenant compte des changements visible dans les divers types cellulaires avec le temps, dans des régions données, une hypothèse de “charge” et “décharge” cellulaire est émise.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Anläßlich einer mikroskopischen Studie über die Entwicklung des Mäuse-Calvariums von der Pränatalperiode bis zu 26 Tagen nach der Geburt wurden auch die Gewebetopographie sowie die Charakteristica und Eigenschaften der Zellen aufgezeichnet. Die Osteocyten-populationen in der linken und rechten Hälfte des Calvariums waren sich gleich, nahmen jedoch bei einem gegebenen Volumen mit der Zeit ab. Kleine isolierte Stellen von Knochen-matrix konnten leichter auf Ph sphat (oder Carbonat) angefärbt werden, als die umgebende Matrix, welche sich wohl am Schnitt, nicht aber am ganzen Stück färben ließ. Die verschiedenen Typen von Osteocyten wurden aufgrund histochemischer Calcium- und Phosphat-reaktionen bestimmt. Calcium und Phosphat waren innerhalb der Knochenzellen auf komplexe Art miteinander verbunden, die je nach Zeit und Lagerung unterschiedlich war. Zellen in abgetrennten Bereichen enthielten nicht immer Calcium und Phosphat und beide waren bei einer bestimmten Zellenart auch nicht immer am gleichen Ort abgelagert. Aufgrund der an ausgewählten Stellen beobachteten, zeitlich bedingten Veränderungen innerhalb der verschiedenen Zelltypen wird vorgeschlagen, daß es sich dabei um eine Sequenz von “Ladung” und “Entladung” der Zellen handelt.
    Notes: Abstract Tissue maps, and cell characteristics and properties were recorded in a study under the optical microscope of the development of the mouse calvarium from pre-natal to 26 days. Osteocyte populations in left and right halves of the calvarium were similar, but decreased with time for a given volume. Small isolated areas of bone matrix stained for phosphate (or carbonate) in a more readily available form from that in the surrounding matrix, which could be stained after sectioning but failed to stain in bulk. Osteocyte types were defined on the basis of histochemical methods for calcium and phosphate, which were associated inside bone cells in a complex manner, varying with time and position. The calcium and phosphate were not always present within the cell in discrete regions and were not always present in the same place in a given cell type. On the basis of a study of changes in cell types with time in selected sites a sequence of “loading” and “unloading” is proposed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharides ; Collagen ; Calvarium ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and collagen have been analyzed in different types of cartilage and some other tissues at various stages of prenatal and postnatal human development. The concentration of the chondroitin sulfate-type MPS increased from the 38th embryonal day, the 6-sulfate exceeding in amount the 4-sulfate. The increase in collagen concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of neutral salt-soluble collagen. There was no accumulation of chondroitin sulfates in the calvaria. A maximal concentration of MPS of a low molecular weight occurred in the skin and in the ear pinna after the 10th prenatal week. Postnatally, the MPS-concentration in the iliac crest and in the tibial articular cartilages decreased gradually, the highest values being reached in the newborn; the collagen-concentration showed an approximately reciprocal course.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 3 (1974), S. 109-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: “Custom Fitting” ; Development ; Evolution ; Antibody response ; Genetic Redundancy ; Perturbation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When the complexity of a developmental system evolves to a certain point, appreciable variation must occur in the process. The problem the biologist faces is whether this point constitutes a limit to the evolution of complexity in developmental systems. If not, what mechanisms are employed to cope with the problem ? The problem—essentially one in “custom fitting” of parts, — and the possible solution(s) to it that have evolved are discussed. The antibody producing system appears to be one that “solves” the custom-fitting problem.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Weakly electric fish ; Gymnotiformes ; Development ; Electric organ ; Electric organ discharge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract I recorded the electric organ discharges (EODs) of 331 immature Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus 6–88 mm long. Larvae produced head-positive pulses 1.3 ms long at 7 mm (6 days) and added a second, small head-negative phase at 12 mm. Both phases shortened duration and increased amplitude during growth. Relative to the whole EOD, the negative phase increased duration until 22 mm and amplitude until 37 mm. Fish above 37 mm produced a “symmetric” EOD like that of adult females. I stained cleared fish with Sudan black, or fluorescently labeled serial sections with anti-desmin (electric organ) or anti-myosin (muscle). From day 6 onward, a single electric organ was found at the ventral margin of the hypaxial muscle. Electrocytes were initially cylindrical, overlapping, and stalk-less, but later shortened along the rostrocaudal axis, separated into rows, and formed caudal stalks. This differentiation started in the posterior electric organ in 12-mm fish and was complete in the anterior region of fish with “symmetric” EODs. The lack of a distinct “larval” electric organ in this pulse-type species weakens the hypothesis that all gymnotiforms develop both a temporary (larval) and a permanent (adult) electric organ.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 361-365 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Central pattern generators ; Development ; Homarus gammarus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We used the lobster Homarus gammarus to study the ontogeny of neural networks involved in rhythmic behaviours. Since in the adult the neural networks belonging to the stomatogastric nervous system and controlling the rhythmic movements of the foregut are well characterised, we have studied them during ontogeny. While this foregut develops slowly throughout embryonic and larval stages, the neuronal population of these motor networks is quantitatively established since the mid-embryonic period. Moreover, in the embryo, this neural population is organised into a single functional network that displays a unique motor output. By contrast, in the adult the same neuronal elements are organised into three neural networks that express independent motor programs. Our results indicate that the multiple adult networks are partitioned progressively from a single embryonic network during development.
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