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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (6,204)
  • Lipids
  • 2005-2009  (6,209)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: : تمثل البطارخ، مبايض سمك البوري (Mugil cephalus) والكوربين (Argyrosomus regius) المملحة و المجففة، ثروة هامة لمنطقة نواكشوط ولموريتانيا. لمعرفة مقدار الطاقة في هذه البطارخ، قمنا بدراسة كمية لمكوناتها الطاقية : الدهنيات والبروتينات و السكريات و كيفية للدهنيات. بينت هذه الدراسة أن البطارخ تحتوي على نسب ضئيلة من السكريات. ففي بطارخ الكوربين لاتتجاوز 1,95 % و3,29 %في بطارخ البوري. في هذه الأخيرة ترتفع نسبتي البروتينات و الدهنيات إلى 44,44 % و31,68 % بينما في بطارخ الكوربين تصل هاتين النسبتين إلى%55,11 و15,86 %. كما تبين أن البطارخ غنية بالطاقة حيث توجد بها 493,80 كيلوكالوري/100غ في بطارخ البوري و 384,27 كيلوكالوري/100غ في بطارح الكوربين وكل غرام من بطارخ البوري تحتوي على 28,1 ملغ أحماض دهنية و19,7 أحماض دهنية ببطارخ الكوربين . تنقسم هذه الأحماض إلى ثلاث مجموعات أساسية مختلفة كما وكيفا وهي: - الأحماض الدهنية المشبعة17,9 : % ببطارخ البوري و1,8 % ببطارخ الكوربين. - الأحماض الدهنية أحادية عدم التشبع : % 39,4 ببطارخ البوري و 40,65 % ببطارخ الكوربين. - الأحماض الدهنية متعددة عدم التشبع : 28,8 % ببطارخ البوري و35,89 % ببطارخ الكوربين. نستنتج أن كمية الدهنيات ببطارخ البوري أكثر من نظيرتها بالكوربين، بينما نرى العكس بالنسبة لكمية البروتينات حيث نرى أنها أكثر ببطارخ الكوربين أما كمية الطاقة فتبدو أعلى ببطارخ البوري من بطارخ الكوربين كما تحتوي هذه الأخيرة على أحسن نوع
    Description: La boutargue est constituée par les ovaires salés et séchés des mulets à grosse tête (Mugil cephalus) et de la courbine (Argyrosomus regius) représente une ressource importante pour la région de Nouakchott et pour la Mauritanie. Pour déterminer la valeur énergétique dans les boutargues, nous avons effectué des dosages des protéines, des glucides, des lipides et des études analytiques des acides gras et des lipides. Les analyses ont révélé que la boutargue contient, par rapport aux autres éléments d’énergie, très peu de glucide : 3,29% dans la boutargue du mulet et 1,95% dans celle de la courbine. Alors que les teneurs en protéines et lipides sont importantes et sont respectivement de 44,44% et 31,68% dans la boutargue du mulet et de 55,11% et 15,86% dans celle de la courbine. La boutargue est d’une grande valeur nutritionnelle. En effet, la boutargue du mulet contient 493,82 kcal/100g, alors que celle de la courbine contient 384,27 kcal/100g. En outre, chaque gramme de boutargue du mulet contient 28,1mg d’acides gras, tandis que celle de la courbine contient 19,7mg. Les acides gras trouvés dans les boutargues étudiées sont subdivisés en 3 groupes: - Les acides gras saturés : 17,9% dans la boutargue du mulet et 1,8% dans celle de la courbine, - Les acides gras monoinsaturés : 39,4% dans la boutargue du mulet et 40,65% dans celle de la courbine, - Les acides gras polyinsaturés : 28,8% pour la boutargue du mulet et 35,89 % dans celle de la courbine. La quantité lipidique du mulet est supérieure à celle de la courbine, mais la quantité de protéine est inférieure. Le taux d’énergie de la boutargue du mulet est supérieur à celui de la courbine. Néanmoins, cette dernière contient plus d’acides gras mono et poly insaturés que celle du mulet.
    Description: The boutargue is consisted of salted and dried ovaries of the mullet (Mugil cephalus) and black umber (Argyrosomus regius) is an important resource for the region of Nouakchott and Mauritania. In order to determine the energetic value of the boutargue, we measured the proteins, the carbohydrates and the lipids contents, in addition to the analytical studies of the fatty acids. These experiments revealed that the boutargue contains very low carbohydrate levels: 3,29% for the mullet and 1,95% for the black umber. The protein and the lipid contents were 44,44% and 31,68% respectively for the mullet while, they were respectively 55,11% and 15,86% for the black umber. This study showed the good nutritional quality of boutargue. In fact, the boutargue of the mullet contains 493,82kcal/100g, where as that of the black umber contains 384,27kcal/100g. Each gram of boutargue of the mullet contains 28,1mg of fatty acids and while that of the black umber contain 19,7mg of fatty acids. The fatty acids found in the studied boutargues were subdivided in three groups: - Saturated fatty acids: 17,9% for the mullet and 1,8% for the black umber, - Unsaturated mono fatty acids: 39,4% for the mullet and 40,65% for the black umber, - Polyunsaturated fatty acids: 28,8% for the mullet and 35,89 % for the black umber, As compared to the black umber's boutargue, the mullet boutargue contains high lipid quantity. Where as, the quantity of protein in the black umber’s boutargue was higher as compared to the mullet's boutargue. The energetic rate of the mullet boutargue is higher than that of the black umber. But the black umber boutargue contains more polyunsaturated and unsaturated mono fatty acids.
    Description: Published
    Description: Mugilcephalus, argyosomus regius, boutargue, mulet, courbine, glucides, protéines, lipides, acides gras, Mauritanie.
    Keywords: Chemical composition ; Fatty acids ; Carbohydrates ; Nutritive value ; Proteins ; Lipids ; Chemical composition ; Proteins ; Lipids ; Fatty acids ; Carbohydrates ; Food fish ; Nutritive value
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The boutargue is the salty and dried ovary of the mullet (Mugil cephalus) from Nouakchott (Mauritania) and Tunis (Tunisia). In order to know the nutritional quality of the boutargue, we have used an analytic analysis and dosages of lipids and their fat acids. For this study, we used two different methods of extraction of the lipids: method of Folch modified by Bligh and Dyer and the method of Soxhlet. These experiences show that the boutargue of mullet is rich in lipids, 30.9% in Nouakchott (Atlantic Ocean) and 27,4% in Tunis (Mediterranean Sea). The boutargue is with good nutritional quality. Indeed, each gram of boutargue contains 28,1 mg of fatty acids in Nouakchott and 19,7 mg in Tunisia. Theses fatty acids are subdivide in 3 essential groups: - Fatty acid saturated 17,9% in Atlantic Ocean and 2,8% in Mediterranean Sea. - Fatty acid monounsaturated 39, 4% in Atlantic Ocean and 41,4% in Mediterranean Sea. - Fatty acids polyunsaturated 28, 8% in Atlantic Ocean and 39 % in Mediterranean Sea. The quantity of lipids in Atlantic Ocean boutargue is superior to Mediterranean Sea boutargue but the quality of lipids in Mediterranean Sea boutargue is superior to Atlantic Ocean boutargue
    Description: تمثل البطارخ بيض سمك البوري (Mugil cephalus) المملحة و المجففة لمنطقتي نواكشوط (موريتانيا) و تونس (تونس). لمعرفة الجوانب البيوكيميائية و الغذائية لهذه البطارخ، قمنا بدراسة تحليلية كمية و كيفية للدهنيات. فاستخدمنا طريقتين مختلفتين لاستخلاص الدهون، هما طريقة فولش المعدلة من طرف بليغر ودير و طريقة سوكسلي. تبين أن البطارخ غنية بالدهنيات30,9 % بمنطقة نواكشوط (المحيط الأطلسي) و27,4 % بمنطقة تونس (البحر الأبيض المتوسط). يحتوي كل غرام من بطارخ منطقة نواكشوط على 28,1 ملغ من الأحماض الدهنية بينما لا تتعدى هذه النسبة 19,7 ملغ من الأحماض الدهنية ببطارخ منطقة تونس. تنقسم هذه الأحماض الى ثلاث مجموعات أساسية مختلفة كما وكيفا وهي: - الأحماض الدهنية المشبعة تصل إلى17,9 % ببطارخ المحيط الأطلسي بينما لا تتجاوز2,8 % ببطارخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط. - الأحماض الدهنية أحادية عدم التشبع بنسبة تصل إلى %39,4 ببطارخ المحيط الأطلسي بينما ترتفع هذه النسبة إلى 41,4 % ببطارخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط. - الأحماض الدهنية متعددة عدم التشبع بنسبة تصل إلى 28,8 % ببطارخ المحيط الأطلسي بينما ترتفع هذه النسبة إلى39 %.ببطارخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط. لقد بينت هذه الدراسة أن بطارخ المحيط الأطلسي﴿ نواكشوط- موريتانيا﴾، توجد بها نسبة من الدهنيات أكثر من نظيرتها بالبحر الأبيض المتوسط ﴿تونس- تونس﴾، بينما تمتاز هذه الأخيرة ﴿بطارخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط﴾ بجودة أكثر لدهنياتها بالمقارنة مع الأولى ﴿ بطارخ المحيط الأطلسي﴾.
    Description: La boutargue est constituée par les ovaires salés et séchés des mulets à grosse tête (Mugil cephalus) de la région de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) et de la région de Tunis (Tunisie). Pour savoir la quantité et la qualité de lipides dans cette boutargue nous avons effectué des études analytiques et des dosages des lipides et des acides gras de ceux-ci. Nous avons procédé par deux méthodes d’extraction des lipides : la méthode de Folch modifiée par Bligh et Dyer et la méthode de Soxhlet . Ces expériences ont révélé que la boutargue est très riche en lipides : 30,9% dans la région de Nouakchott (Océan Atlantique) et 27,4% dans la région de Tunis (Mer Méditerranéenne) qu’il est de bonne qualité nutritionnelle et que chaque gramme de boutargue contient 28,1 mg des acides gras dans la région de Nouakchott et 19,7 mg dans la région de Tunis. Ils sont subdivisés en 3 groupes essentiels : - acides gras saturés 17,9% dans l’Océan Atlantique et 2,8% dans la Mer Méditerranéenne. - acides gras mono insaturés 39,4 % dans l’Océan Atlantique et 41,4% dans la Mer Méditerranée. - acides gras polyinsaturés 28,8% dans l’Océan Atlantique et 39 % dans la Mer Méditerranée. La quantité lipidique de la boutargue atlantique est supérieure à celle de la Méditerranée et la qualité de la boutargue Méditerrané est meilleure que celle de l’Atlantique.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Boutargue ; Mauritania ; Tunisia ; Mugil cephalus ; Lipides ; Acides gras ; Mulet ; Fatty acids ; Nutritive value ; Lipids ; Comparative studies ; Fatty acids ; Lipids ; Nutritive value ; Dried fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A procedure is described for the collection of remote marine aerosol samples by high-volume filtration, cascade impaction, dry fallout collection and rain. Samples were analyzed quantitatively for five classes of naturally occurring lipids (n-alkanes, wax esters, fatty alcohols, sterols, and fatty acids) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Air samples (4,000-10,000 m3) were collected on glass fiber filters under automatic control. Rain samples of 1-5 L were collected on an event basis. Filters and rain samples were extracted with methylene chloride. The extracts were fractionated into discrete chemical classes by silca-gel absorption chromatography. The fractions were derivatized if necessary and analyzed by HRGC and HRGC/MS. A second fiter extraction was required for fatty acid salt analysis. Internal standards were used to quantify recoveries and concentrations. Mean recoveries relative to the internal standards were 96.5% for C12-C36 n-alkanes, 96.4% for C12-C30 n-fatty acids, 92.5% for C12-C30 n-fatty alcohols and 93.3% for cholesterol. Typical blanks and concentrations for remote marine aerosol and rain samples are described and compared with other methods used in coastal marine, rural and suburban sampling locations.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 77-12914 and OCE 81-11947 as part of the Sea-Air Exchange (SEAREX) Program.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Aerosols ; Marine
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Fluid dynamical simulations were carried out in order to investigate the effect of the large-scale mantle flow field and the depth of the plume source on the structure of the Iceland plume through time. The time-dependent location and shape of the plume in the Earth's mantle was calculated in a global model and it was refined in the upper mantle using a 3D Cartesian model box. Global flow was computed based on density heterogeneities derived from seismic tomography. Plate motion history served as a velocity boundary condition in both models. Hotspot tracks of the plume conduits and the plume head were calculated and compared to actual bathymetry of the North Atlantic. If a plume source in the lowermost mantle is assumed, the calculated surface position of the plume conduit has a southward component of motion due to southward flow in the lower mantle. Depending on tomography model, assumed plume age and buoyancy the southward component is more or less dominating. Plume models having a source at the 660 km discontinuity are only influenced by flow in the upper mantle and transition zone and hence rather yield westward hotspot motion. Many whole-mantle plume models result in a V-shaped track, which does not match the straight Greenland–Iceland–Faroe ridge. Models without strong southward motion, such as for a plume source at 660 km depth, match actual bathymetry better. Plume tracks were calculated from both plume conduits and plume heads. A plume head of 120 K anomalous temperature gives the best match between plume head track and bathymetry.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Interlaboratory comparisons involving nine European stable isotope laboratories have shown that the routine methods of cellulose preparation resulted in data that generally agreed within the precision of the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) method used: +/- 0.2% for carbon and +/- 0.3% for oxygen. For carbon, the results suggest that holocellulose is enriched up to 0.39% in C-13 relative to the purified alpha-cellulose. The comparisons of IRMS measurements of carbon on cellulose, sugars, and starches showed low deviations from -0.23 to +0.23% between laboratories. For oxygen, IRMS measurements varied between means from -0.39 to 0.58%, -0.89 to 0.42%, and -1.30 to 1.16% for celluloses, sugars, and starches, respectively. This can be explained by different effects arising from the use of low- or high-temperature pyrolysis and by the variation between laboratories in the procedures used for drying and storage of samples. The results of analyses of nonexchangeable hydrogen are very similar in means with standard deviations between individual methods from +/- 2.7 to +/- 4.9%. The use of a one-point calibration (IAEA-CH7) gave significant positive offsets in delta H-2 values up to 6%. Detailed analysis of the results allows us to make the following recommendations in order to increase quality and compatibility of the common data bank: (1) removal of a pretreatment with organic solvents, (2) a purification step with 17% sodium hydroxide solution during cellulose preparation procedure, (3) measurements of oxygen isotopes under an argon hood, (4) use of calibration standard materials, which are of similar nature to that of the measured samples, and (5) using a two-point calibration method for reliable result calculation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    In:  EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Suppl. ; 86, 52
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The aim of this work is the implementation of an effective Tsunami Early Warning System for the Indian Ocean. It is a component part of an Early Warning System that will also be capable of registering other natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The system integrates terrestrial observation networks of seismology und geodesy with marine measurements techniques and satellite observations. The required R & D work will be realized within the framework of a stage-plan, which will, within a short time span of 1-3 years, be able to provide effective warning on the one hand and, which will also allow for an integration of technological developments, currently undergoing further research. The initiative is coordinated by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF), represented by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ). In view of the geological situation one has to bear in mind that Indonesia especially, due to the fact that the main islands are located next to and above the Sunda seismogenic zone, could most frequently and most intensively in the future be prone to catastrophic Tsunami events. The envisaged Early Warning System for the Indian Ocean consists of different components as broadband seismometers, GPS, tide gauges, ocean-bottom pressure sensors and GPS-Buoys. On the basis of the data and recordings registered a warning can be generated. This presentation gives insight into the creation of the 26 December 2004 Tsunami, introduces the planned technical realization of the Early Warning System, shows first model scenarios and gives an overview of the planned realization of an Early Warning System in the Indian Ocean.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 10
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    In:  37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly (Montreal 2008)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Field-aligned currents (FACs) are an important mechanism for transporting energy and momentum from the solar wind into the upper atmosphere at high latitudes. The efficiency of energy dissipation depends on the ionospheric conductivity and the transverse scale size of the field-aligned current circuits. According to Vogt (2002) the conversion of electric current into heat should be most effective for scales of the order of some 10 km when typical ionospheric conductivities are considered. In order to test this conclusion we have performed a statistical analysis with FACs of various scale sizes. This study is based on observations that are derived from CHAMP magnetic field measurements taken during the years 2002-2005. FAC densities within the medium-scale wavelength band of 15-150 km and large-scale FACs (〉150 km) are considered separately and their distributions are compared. The thermospheric mass density recorded simultaneously by CHAMP is used as a measure for the heat deposited in the ionospheric E-layer. The relation between current strength of the two FAC types and thermospheric heating is determined in a superposed epoch analysis. The analysis is performed separately for each season and covers all local time sectors.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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