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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
  • Global climate models
  • Salinity
  • Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2005-2009  (14)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The Aegean water masses and circulation structure are studied via two large-scale surveys performed during the late winters of 1988 and 1990 by the R/V Yakov Gakkel of the former Soviet Union. The analysis of these data sheds light on the mechanisms of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea that triggered the outflow of Cretan Deep Water (CDW) from the Cretan Sea into the abyssal basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient). It is found that the central Aegean Basin is the site of the formation of Aegean Intermediate Water, which slides southward and, depending on their density, renews either the intermediate or the deep water of the Cretan Sea. During the winter of 1988, the Cretan Sea waters were renewed mainly at intermediate levels, while during the winter of 1990 it was mainly the volume of CDW that increased. This Aegean water mass redistribution and formation process in 1990 differed from that in 1988 in two major aspects: (i) during the winter of 1990 the position of the front between the Black Sea Water and the Levantine Surface Water was displaced farther north than during the winter of 1988 and (ii) heavier waters were formed in 1990 as a result of enhanced lateral advection of salty Levantine Surface Water that enriched the intermediate waters with salt. In 1990 the 29.2 isopycnal rose to the surface of the central basin and a large volume of CDW filled the Cretan Basin. It is found that, already in 1988, the 29.2 isopycnal surface, which we assume is the lowest density of the CDW, was shallower than the Kassos Strait sill and thus CDW egressed into the Eastern Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1841-1859
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Aegean Sea ; Water Masses ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: A land surface model (LSM) has been included in the ECMWF Hamburg version 4 (ECHAM4) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The LSM is an early version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) and it replaces the simple land surface scheme previously included in ECHAM4. The purpose of this paper is to document how a more exhaustive consideration of the land surface–vegetation processes affects the simulated boreal summer surface climate. To investigate the impacts on the simulated climate, different sets of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations have been performed with ECHAM4 alone and with the AGCM coupled with ORCHIDEE. Furthermore, to assess the effects of the increase in horizontal resolution the coupling of ECHAM4 with the LSM has been implemented at different horizontal resolutions. The analysis reveals that the LSM has large effects on the simulated boreal summer surface climate of the atmospheric model. Considerable impacts are found in the surface energy balance due to changes in the surface latent heat fluxes over tropical and midlatitude areas covered with vegetation. Rainfall and atmospheric circulation are substantially affected by these changes. In particular, increased precipitation is found over evergreen and summergreen vegetated areas. Because of the socioeconomical relevance, particular attention has been devoted to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region. The results of this study indicate that precipitation over the Indian subcontinent is better simulated with the coupled ECHAM4–ORCHIDEE model compared to the atmospheric model alone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 255–278
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Land Atmosphere interactions ; Global climate models ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ensemble experiments are performed with five coupled atmosphere–ocean models to investigate the potential for initial-value climate forecasts on interannual to decadal time scales. Experiments are started from similar model-generated initial states, and common diagnostics of predictability are used. We find that variations in the ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, a more consistent picture of the surface temperature impact of decadal variations in the MOC is now apparent, and variations of surface air temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean are also potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, albeit with potential skill levels that are less than those seen for MOC variations. This intercomparison represents a step forward in assessing the robustness of model estimates of potential skill and is a prerequisite for the development of any operational forecasting system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1195-1203
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Decadal Climate ; North Atlantic ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Durante la séptima expedición Ecuatoriana a la Antártida (diciembre, 1997 y Marzo, 1998), a bordo del B/I ORION, se realizó investigación oceanográfica en el trayecto Guayaquil-Valparaíso, los días 11 al 19 de diciembre, se colectaron muestras de agua en 14 estaciones para el análisis de nutrientes, oxígeno, temperatura, salinidad, y parámetros biológicos además se recolectó información meteorológica. La información química obtenida de nutriente (Nitrato, silicato y fosfato) y oxígeno disuelto fue relacionada con la temperatura y correlacionada con los diagramas T/S en el ámbito de estudio. Se elaboraron gráficos de nutriente y oxígeno con las masas de agua, estableciendo rangos asociados a cada masa de agua previamente identificada en los diagramas T/S. Estas masas de agua fueron fueron: Superficial (Aguas Tropicales Superficiales- ATS, Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales-ASS y Aguas Costera Peruana-ACP) y subsuperficiales (Agua Subantártica-ASA, Agua Ecuatorial Subsuperficial-AESS y Agua Antártica Intermedia-AAI). El estudio permite determinar que: las aguas subtropicales superficiales, caracterizada por valores altos de nutrientes y oxígeno, experimenta valores bajos asociados probablemente al debilitamiento de los afloramientos frente a las costas peruanas. Las aguas tropicales superficiales encontradas en el área de estudio mostraron valores inusualmente altos de nutrientes que evidencian influencia de río y escorrentías provocadas por los excesos de precipitaciones en la faja costera, más definida aún en las inmediaciones del área del Golfo de Guayaquil. Las Aguas costeras peruanas mostraron un descenso en los valores de nutriente que estarían relacionados con el debilitamiento de los afloramientos de esta región como consecuencia del evento ENSO de características muy fuerte como el presente y por la intrusión de aguas provenientes del Pacífico Central. La base de la oxiclína y nutriclína en el área de estudio se profundizaron respecto a sus valores normales en respuesta probablemente a la intrusión de aguas cálidas del Pacífico Central. Por debajo de los 175 metros, la distribución de los parámetros químicos no experimentó con el evento ENSO 1997-1998 variabilidad significativa. Los parámetros químicos más apropiados para identificar este tipo de masa de agua en la región de estudio fueron el nitrato, silicato y el oxígeno disuelto.
    Description: During the seventh Antarctic Ecuadorian Expedition from december 10, 1997 to March 20, 1998, aboard of B/I ORION, oceanographic investigation was carried out along track Guayaquil- Valparaíso, between December 11th to 19th. Water samples from 14 stations for the analysis of nutrients, oxygen, temperature, salinity, biological parameters and meteorological data were gotten. The chemical information obtained from nutrients (Nitrate, silicate and fosfate) and dissolved oxygen were related with the temperature and co-related wich T/S diagrams in the research area. Nutrient and oxygen graphics with water masses were elaborated, establishing associated ranges for each water mass. those waters were: Surface (Tropical Surface water - TSW, Subtropical surface Water -SSW and Perú Coastal water -PCW) and Subsurface (Subantarctic Water -SAW, Ecuatorial Subsurface Water-ESSW and Antarctic Intermediate Water-AIW). This work determines that subtropical surface water characterized by high concentration of nutrients and oxygen, presents low concentrations, probably associated with decreased upwelling of peruvian regions. The Tropical Surface water found in the research area showed inusual high concentrations of nutrients, presenting river influence and scorrentias due to the precipitations in the coast, more definited in the inmediations of the Gulf of Guayaquil. The Peru Coastal Water showed decreased nutrient concentrations, that may be related with the decreased upwelling in this region as a result of the Niño Soudth Oscollation (ENSO), of strong characteristics as the present one. The base of the oxycline and nutricline were deeper than the normal values as result of the presence of warm waters from the Central Pacific. Under 175 meters, the distribution of chemical parameters didn't show variability with the ENSO event 1997-1998. The chemical parameter to identify this kind of water masses in the research region were nitrate, silicate and disolved oxygen.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs., ilus., tbls.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Chemical oceanography ; Salinity ; Meteorological data ; Chemical oceanography ; Water masses ; El Nino phenomena ; Nutrients (mineral) ; T/S diagrams ; Water temperature ; Salinity ; Meteorological data ; Dissolved oxygen ; Cruises
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Las variaciones hidroquímicas (oxígeno disuelto, nitrato, fosfato y silicato) fueron estudiadas durante 12 horas con intervalos de aproximadamente 3 horas en una estación fija situada frente al Golfo de Guayaquil entre las coordenadas 02° 59' 42 S-81° 40' 92 W. La máxima profundidad en la que se efectuó dicho análisis fue hasta los 50 metros. Se ha detectado una posible relación entre las variaciones verticales (Ondas Internas) y los parámetros físico-químicos, ya que las fluctuaciones de ascensos y descensos fueron observadas en las concentraciones de oxígeno y nutrientes, siendo las ondas internas un factor preponderante en los movimientos verticales de éstos. Estas fluctuaciones también fueron encontradas en el comportamiento de la temperatura, salinidad y densidad en función de tiempo y profundidad. En forma general se observó que los mayores valores de nutrientes fueron encontrados en condiciones de luz, no así el oxígeno cuyas mayores concentraciones se ubicaron en la noche. Además se evidenció en el área externa del Golfo de Guayaquil la influencia de la Corriente de Humboldt que para ésta época se intensifica, presentando rangos físicos-químicos característicos.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs., tbls.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemical oceanography ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Chemical oceanography ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Vertical distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 7
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    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente trabajo se orienta para conocer la calidad actual de las aguas costeras insulares de cinco Bahías del Archipiélago: Naufragio, Academia, Darwin, Puerto Velasco Ibarra y Puerto Villamil.
    Description: The evaluation of the obtained results about a water quality study performed on five bays of Galapagos Islands, Naufragio Bay (San Cristóbal Island), Academia Bay (Santa Cruz island), Velasco Ibarra Port (Santa María island), General Villamil Port ( Santa Isabela Island) and Darwin Bay (Genovesa island), during September and October, 1999; considering the behavior and distribution of different parameters on surface and ten meters depth waters is presented. The obtained results show the presence of relatively cold waters uniformly distributed on the research area, on surface and ten meters depth waters; except on Darwin bay where the temperature raised up to 23°C. Salinity shows 35UPS as a maximun value on Naufragio Bay and lower values on Santa María island, Isabela island,and Darwin Bay, with values between 34 and 34.7 UPS; while on Academia Bay, the lowest value (32.5 UPS), was detected. These lower values were probably due to the rain experimented at the sampling time. Well oxigenated surface waters were detected, with values between 4.0 and 5.5 ml/l with the maximum concentration on the Isabela Island area. The inorganic nutrients (fosfate, silicate, nitrate and nitrite), showed characteristic values of the season and the studied area, with values between (0.05-0.26, 4.0 - 17, 2.0 - 23 and 0.2 - 1.4 ug-at/l), respectively. The highest concentrations were observed on ten meters depth and near the coast waters, while the lower values were detected far from the coastal waters. Low concentrations of dissolved and dispersed oil hydrocarbons 1.14 - 2.43 ug/l u. Crisene), with a maximum located on Academia Bay, were detected. It's important to point out that the detected concentrations are under permissible levels for free contamination waters and for marine life. About microbiological research, the higher concentrations of both, total and fecal coliforms (240 - 15 NMP/100ml, at Las Ninfas area (Academia bay), followed by Naufragio bay (16 - 8.8 NMP/100ml) were detected, while the lower concentrations (2 - 5 NMP/100ml) on Santa María Island, Isabela Island and Darwin Bay, were observed.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl.,grafs., tbls.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Chemical composition ; Water temperature ; Salinity ; Coastal waters ; Water quality ; Chemical composition ; Salinity ; Water temperature ; Coastal waters ; Oceanic islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 8
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    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente trabajo es el resultado del estudio cuali-cuantitativo de análisis de plancton colectado mediante muestreos mensuales en aguas superficiales costeras en una estación fija en La Libertad (Salinas) entre diciembre 1988 y diciembre 1989. Se dan a conocer 29 grupos de organismos del zooplancton, determinándose que los dominantes en orden decreciente fueron: larvas de eufáusidos, quetognatos, apendicularios, larvas de decápodos, huevos de peces, foraminíferos, cladóceros, huevos de decápodos y los más frecuentes: copépodos, apendicularios, quetognatos, larvas de decápodos y huevos de peces. Se presentan las especies más abundantes y dominantes de copépodos en orden decreciente: Acartia levequei, Centropages furcatus y Temora discaudata. Se determina que el zooplancton fue poco homogéneo durante el período de estudio en esta localidad, registrándose bajas concentraciones en los primeros meses del año (época de invierno), altas concentraciones en el mes de mayo y medianas concentraciones a partir de junio en adelante. Se presentan valores superficiales de temperatura y salinidad. La temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) más alta se observó en marzo 1989 con 28°C y la más baja en julio 1989 con 21.5°C.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Plankton ; Zooplankton ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Plankton ; Zooplankton ; Seasonal distribution ; Geological distribution ; Salinity ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El propósito de estas investigaciones, es contribuir al conocimiento sobre la presencia de Limnorias en los principales puertos del Ecuador, además evaluar el daño que ocasionan.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus.
    Description: Published
    Description: wood-boring organisms, harbors
    Keywords: Geographical distribution ; Environmental factors ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Marine molluscs ; Marine organisms ; Geographical distribution ; Oceanographic data ; Environmental factors ; Salinity ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 10
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    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El propósito de este trabajo consiste en presentar nuevas evidencias de la presencia de esta subcorriente, que pasa a través de las Islas Galápagos y que sus aguas han sido observadas hasta los 82°W (frente al Golfo de Guayaquil), este trabajo esta basado en mediciones directas de corrientes efectuadas a bordo del BAE ORION, en un crucero oceanográfico desarrollado entre abril y mayo del 2002.
    Description: During the oceanographic cruise on board of the BAE ORION, between may and june of the 2002, they were carried out measurements of profiles of current, temperature and salinity, in three longitudinal sections 92°, 90° 89°W, whose outputs mark the existence of a surface high-salinity core were found north and south of the islands, zones that coincide with the areas of upwelling and surface flows toward the east. A correlation of these three parameters manifest the physical characteristics of the Equatorial Undercurrent or Cromwell Current, who is introduced to the west of the islands with a thickness of approximately 50 meters, with eastward velocity of 60 cm/s, temperatures between 20-15°C and salinities between 35-32.5 ups. Observations east of the Galápagos Islands, its forks in two branchs, with eastward velocities don't of up to 50 cm/s, weakening in accordance direct toward the east, without discarding the possibility of that the same approaches until our coast.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Temperature ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Surface salinity ; Upwelling ; Equatorial undercurrents ; Cruises
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 11
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    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los objetivos del estudio son conocer la situación actual del zooplancton con la finalidad de conocer la composición, distribución y abundancia de las comunidades del zooplancton, resaltando las áreas de mayor productividad en el segundo eslabón de la cadena alimentaria. Establecer especies dominantes en la comunidad de quetognatos y su relación con los parámetros físicos en el estuario interior del Golfo de Guayaquil.
    Description: The present study reports in detail the distribution and composition of the zooplankton biomass in diferent places of the Gulf of Guayaquil and the main goal it is to know the areas of most productivity in the zooplankton. The most biomass of zooplankton was observed in the area of estuary Salado than in other areas in the study. The biomass was represented by microcrustacea the dominant group was Infra orden Brachiuran and it was observed the most at the station located in front of Quiñonez Island. The low zooplankton biomass was registered at the station located the area of the bridge ways around of Guayaquil city. The zooplankton community was represented by 17 taxa and 10 represented the Crustacea kind and it registered the most diversity at the estuary Salado and low diversity was observed at the bridge of ways around Guayaquil. The phylum Arthropoda showed a broad distribution and observed the abundance of insect larvae at Miraflores bridge it is not usually observed in the examples of zooplankton. The chaetognaths phylum showed that Sagitta bedoti was dominant and it may be considered a indicative changes on saltiness rate, in the area where the blend process between the Guayas River and Salado estuary happens.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological production ; Estuaries ; Distribution ; Biomass ; Zooplankton ; Salinity ; Composition ; Distribution ; Biomass ; Zooplankton ; Salinity ; Abundance ; Biological production ; Estuaries ; Estuarine organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los estudios del zooplancton en diferentes áreas principalmente en el río Teaone, Esmeraldas y la zona marino costera frente a la ciudad que incluye, el área del balneario Las Palmas, en el último año se ha intensificado con el objetivo de obtener un conocimiento detallado de la presencia de estos organismos y las características físico-químicas que condicionan su abundancia y distribución.
    Description: The present study was carried out during the wet and dry seasons in the rivers Teaone, Esmeraldas, Petrolero Terminal and Palmas, for which stablished that a variability exists temporary space as for the abundance and composition of the communities zooplankton, especially the species of the taxa Chaetognatha, Cladocera, Caridea. The area of major productivity zooplanctónica associated with a high diversity was in the zone of Petrolero Terminal of Esmeraldas during the wet season. In the area Petrolero Terminal there was high abundance of Quetognatos's species represented by the dominancia of S. bedoti and S. neglecta in the wet season and during the dry season the dominancia was od S. enflata and S. minim which con be related principally by the seasonal variation of the parameter salinity, whereas the temperature was kept in a range of 25.9° to 28.4 °C during 2 season in study. The low zooplankton abundance and diversity registered in the river Teaone, there being registered the presence of scanty specimens of Macrobranchium rathbunae in the wet season. In the river Teaone were observed high values of potential of hydrogen in comparison with other areas in study, for what, it might catalogue that this area is in conditions of a deterioration of the quality of the waters, by light indications towards a pollution product of the antropogénica activities.
    Description: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs.
    Description: Published
    Description: freshwater environment
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Biological production ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Hydrogen ; Species diversity ; Community composition ; Zooplankton ; Biological production ; Salinity ; Hydrogen ; Water quality ; Temporal variations ; Species diversity
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography, 21 (2006): PA2009, doi:10.1029/2005PA001218.
    Description: The salinity and temperature of the Florida Current are key parameters affecting the transport of heat into the North Atlantic, yet little is known about their variability on centennial time scales. Here we report replicated, high-resolution foraminiferal records of Florida Current surface hydrography for the last millennium from two coring sites, Dry Tortugas and the Great Bahama Bank. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida Current surface water (δ18Ow) near Dry Tortugas increased 0.4‰ during the course of the Little Ice Age (LIA: ~1200-1850 A. D.), equivalent to a salinity increase of 0.8-1.5 psu. On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, δ18Ow increased by 0.3‰ during the last 200 years. Although a portion (~0.1‰) of this shift may be an artifact of anthropogenically-driven changes in surface water ΣCO2, the remaining δ18Ow signal implies a 0.4 to 1 psu increase in salinity after 200 yr BP. The simplest explanation of the δ18Ow data is southward migration of the Atlantic Hadley circulation during the LIA. Scaling of the δ18Ow records to salinity using the modern low-latitude δ18Ow-S slope produces an unrealistic reversal in the salinity gradient between the two sites. Only if δ18Ow is scaled to salinity using a high-latitude δ18Ow-S slope can the records be reconciled. Changes in atmospheric 14C paralleled shifts in Dry Tortugas δ18Ow, suggesting that variable solar irradiance paced centennialscale ITCZ migration and changes in Florida Current salinity during the last millennium.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-0096469.
    Keywords: Gulf Stream ; Salinity ; Little Ice Age
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 21 (2006): PA3010, doi:10.1029/2005PA001257.
    Description: Ocean circulation and global climate are strongly influenced by seawater density, which is itself controlled by salinity and temperature. Although adequate instrumental sea-surface temperature (SST) records exist for most of the surface oceans over the past 100-150 years, records of salinity really only exist for the last 40-50 years. Here we show that longer proxy records from corals (Siderastrea radians) in the eastern tropical North Atlantic are dominated by multi-decadal variations in salinity which are correlated with the relationship between SST and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the course of the 20th century. The data reveal an increase in eastern tropical North Atlantic salinity of +0.5 psu between about 1950-1990. Rather than a monotonic secular increase, as indicated by some instrumental records, the pre-instrumental coral proxy records presented here suggest that salinity in the tropical North Atlantic is periodic on a decadal to multi-decadal scale.
    Keywords: Salinity ; Tropical North Atlantic ; North Atlantic Oscillation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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