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  • Ocean circulation  (9)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
  • Salinity
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (11)
  • American Meteorological Society  (3)
  • Alexandria : National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries  (1)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2005-2009  (15)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Aegean Sea Water Masses during the Early Stages of the Eastern Mediterranean Climatic Transient (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The Aegean water masses and circulation structure are studied via two large-scale surveys performed during the late winters of 1988 and 1990 by the R/V Yakov Gakkel of the former Soviet Union. The analysis of these data sheds light on the mechanisms of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea that triggered the outflow of Cretan Deep Water (CDW) from the Cretan Sea into the abyssal basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient). It is found that the central Aegean Basin is the site of the formation of Aegean Intermediate Water, which slides southward and, depending on their density, renews either the intermediate or the deep water of the Cretan Sea. During the winter of 1988, the Cretan Sea waters were renewed mainly at intermediate levels, while during the winter of 1990 it was mainly the volume of CDW that increased. This Aegean water mass redistribution and formation process in 1990 differed from that in 1988 in two major aspects: (i) during the winter of 1990 the position of the front between the Black Sea Water and the Levantine Surface Water was displaced farther north than during the winter of 1988 and (ii) heavier waters were formed in 1990 as a result of enhanced lateral advection of salty Levantine Surface Water that enriched the intermediate waters with salt. In 1990 the 29.2 isopycnal rose to the surface of the central basin and a large volume of CDW filled the Cretan Basin. It is found that, already in 1988, the 29.2 isopycnal surface, which we assume is the lowest density of the CDW, was shallower than the Kassos Strait sill and thus CDW egressed into the Eastern Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1841-1859
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Aegean Sea ; Water Masses ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Using Temperature–Salinity Relations in a Global Ocean Implementation of a Multivariate Data Assimilation Scheme (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic: A Multi-Model-Ensemble Study (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ensemble experiments are performed with five coupled atmosphere–ocean models to investigate the potential for initial-value climate forecasts on interannual to decadal time scales. Experiments are started from similar model-generated initial states, and common diagnostics of predictability are used. We find that variations in the ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, a more consistent picture of the surface temperature impact of decadal variations in the MOC is now apparent, and variations of surface air temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean are also potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, albeit with potential skill levels that are less than those seen for MOC variations. This intercomparison represents a step forward in assessing the robustness of model estimates of potential skill and is a prerequisite for the development of any operational forecasting system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1195-1203
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Decadal Climate ; North Atlantic ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Short term variations of zoo plankton community in the West Naubaria Canal, Alexandria, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria : National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The variations of zooplankton structure and abundance were studied at short time intervals in the northern part of the West Naubaria Canal, near the sea side, based on weekly sampling from May 2002 to May 2003 .The community represented high species richness (120 species), and relatively low population density ( annual average 31340 organisms/m.3). Freshwater forms were the major representatives (68 species) of the community, including the sea side station. However, several marine species were reported inside the canal at a long distance from the sea. The community structure showed wide weekly variations (4-29 species), while between stations the differences were small. Relative to salinity in the canal, diversity index sustained the highest value (annual average 1.8) at the sea side station (St. 1) with surface salinity 11.1 PSU compared to the values reported at the other stations (annual averages 1.5-1.7) with average salinity was 8.7, 7.6 and 6 PSU at stations 2, 3 & 4 respectively. The diversity index experienced also clear temporal variations at all stations, parallel to those of standing crop and number of species. The zooplankton abundance showed wide changes on both scales of time and space, with an annual average of 34.4, 17.1, 33.2 and 40.6 x 103 organisms /m3at station 1-1V respectively, and weekly values varying from a minimum of 150 organisms /m3 to a maximum of 797.7 x 103 organisms /m3. Despite of salinity differences, copepods, mainly their nauplii larvae were the absolute predominant component at all stations representing a very stable fraction of zooplankton forming 66.1%-77.9%, while different patterns of co-dominance were observed at different stations relative to salinity variations.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Naubaria Canal ; Zooplankton ; Salinity ; Salinity ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
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    W.H.O.I./Brown CTD microprofiler : methods of calibration and data handling (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This report describes calibration techniques developed over the past three years for the WHOI/Brown CTD in the Moored Array Program. Comparison is made with classical methods of hydrography for stations obtained in the MODE-1 density program. Methods for temperature lag correction and conversion of conductivity to salinity are given.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
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    2008 program of studies : perspectives and challenges in GFD (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The GFD Program in 2008 ran with a special theme, in view of the 50th anniversary of the beginning of the program. The first two weeks of Principal Lectures dealt with "Perspectives and Challenges" of the subject, and we commemorated by having ten different lecturers with a diversity of viewpoints and opinions. Though the lectures thereby took less of a pedagogical flavour, each afternoon we saw the fellows grill the lecturers in informal afternoon tutorials. Also by way of celebration, the Oceanographic Institution threw a 50th anniversary party in honour of the Program and the "Founding Fathers." This was held on one of the lawns in front of Walsh Cottage on Friday, June 27th. We saw a variety of familiar faces, some from the very first years of the Program, others from more recent summers. George Veronis and Jack Whitehead read short pieces about the past fifty years, including the unveiling of the "2008 AGU Award for Excellence in Geophysical Education" awarded to the Program by the American Geophysical Union. The party was skillfully organized by Janet Fields and uniformly enjoyed by all. In 2008 the Sears Public Lecture was delivered by Andy Ingersoll (CalTech) and entitled "Weather and Climates of Other Worlds: Lessons for Earth." Andy, a participant of the program for many years, described the insights that could be drawn regarding our own climate from observing those of the other planets in the solar system, observations made particularly clear and compelling by recent space missions. Over a hundred people gathered at Redfield for the lecture, many of whom paused afterwards to enjoy conversation and refreshments at the reception that followed. Other novelties at the 2008 program included Bill Dewar's delivery of a seminar at Walsh in full Scottish regalia, kilt and all. Last, and of course most importantly, we had an industrious group of fellows who rose to the challenge of the Program and contributed tremendously to the anniversary. As always, the WHOI Academic Programs Office and the Physical Oceanography Department provided the administrative backbone to the summer, and Walsh Cottage was perfectly unchanged in its intimacy and rustic atmosphere. Jeanne Fleming, Penny Foster and Janet Fields contributed importantly to the smooth running of the program.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant OCE-0325296 and by the Office of Naval Research, Processes and Prediction Division, Physical Oceanography Program under grant N00014-07-10776
    Keywords: Boundary layer ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    2007 program of studies : boundary layers (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The topic of the Principal Lectures for the forty-ninth year of the program was “Boundary Layers”. The subject centers around those problems in which the boundary conditions lead to a large gradient near the boundary. Nine of this year’s principal lectures were given by Joe Pedlosky and the tenth was given by Steve Lentz. The fluid mechanics of boundary layers was reviewed, first starting from its classical roots and then extending the concepts to the sides, bottoms, and tops of the oceans. During week four, a mini-symposium on “Ocean Bottom and Surface Boundary Layers” gathered a number of oceanographers and meteorologists together to report recent advances. And, finally, Kerry Emanuel of MIT delivered the Sears Public Lecture to a packed hall in Clark 507. The title was “Divine Wind: The History and Sciences of Hurricanes.”
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant OCE-0325296 and by the Office of Naval Research, Processes and Prediction Division, Physical Oceanography Program under grant N00014-07-10776
    Keywords: Boundary layer ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    1989 summer study program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics : general circulation of the oceans (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The success of this summer's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program owes much to Myrl Hendershott's excellent and engaging survey of the Oceans General Circulation, including recent developments In the Theory of Recirculation Gyres and Thermocline Ventilation.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant Number OCE-89-01012
    Keywords: Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    The influence of convection on large-scale circulations : 1988 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The topic for the 30th Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Summer Program was "The Influence of Convection on Large- Scale Motions." The principal lecturer, Kerry Emanual, presented the essential elements of dry convection, the thermodynamics of moist air, and moist convection (both precipitating and not). Building upon this excellent summary of the fundamentals of atmospheric convection, he then discussed its role in the dynamics of squall lines, tropical cyclones, and the 40-day tropical wave. Moist convection has not been discussed in recent GFD seminars, and Kerry's lectures provided a superb introduction to the topic for both Fellows and Staff. Other meteorologists discussed recent theoretical and observational research on atmospheric convecting systems. Convectively-driven flows in the ocean were described by Peter Killworth; Ed Spiegel and Christian Elphick reviewed the theory of nonlinear convection. These views of convection in other systems lent valuable perspectives on the atmospheric problem.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-82-G-0079, and the National Science Foundation through grant Number DMS-85-04166.
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Mathematical models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
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    Notes on the 1968 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-72, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The general circulation of the oceans was the topic of concentration for the 1968 WHOI Summer Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Geophysics ; Fluid models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
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    Notes on the 1969 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 69-41, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The principal theme of this eleventh Summer Program has been Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. As in the past, we have explored the region of overlap in technique and theory of our summer theme and other aspects of Fluid Dynamics. An interesting example of this overlap is the application of the physics of salt-finger instability, a significant oceanographic process, to instabilities due to differential rotation in the sun, a critical problem in stellar evolution.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 12
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    Oceanographic data from the R.R.S. Discovery II. : International Geophysical Year cruise 3, 1958 (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-54
    Description: In August and September 1958 a number of oceanographic sections were made in the R.R.S. DISCOVERY II, Captain James Gray, under the scientific leadership of H. F. P. Herdman. These sections comprise part of a joint program undertaken by the National Institute of Oceanography and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the International Geophysical Year.
    Description: The United States participation in this program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr 2196(00) with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Discovery II (Ship) International Geophysical Year Cruise 3 ; Ocean temperature ; Echo sounding ; Chemical oceanography ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 13
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    Notes on the 1970 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The principal lectures of this twelfth Summer Program were given by Joseph Pedlosky of the University of Chicago. On the following page one sees Dr. Pedlosky demonstrating advanced effects caused by rotation and stratification. Only in his last few lectures do these novel phenomena emerge from the analysis.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 14
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    Notes on the 1977 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The lectures by Marten Landahl, recorded in the first part of this report, served as the introduction to the study of turbulence which was the principal theme of the nineteenth summer program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract NGG014-77-C-0466
    Keywords: Atmospheric turbulence ; Turbulence ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 15
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    1979 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution : notes on polar oceanography (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The emphasis in this year's GFD program has been somewhat different from the past. We have tried to expose a theoretically oriented audience to the new body of observations pertaining to the Arctic and Antarctic circulation. We have, however, not departed from our traditional goal of encouraging broad based inquiries into the field of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. We would like to believe that the breadth of interest and enthusiasm exhibited in these reports will stimulate future work in Polar Oceanography and Fluid Dynamics.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0671
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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