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  • Moored data  (7)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
  • Salinity
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (9)
  • American Meteorological Society  (3)
  • Alexandria : National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries  (1)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2005-2009  (13)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Aegean Sea Water Masses during the Early Stages of the Eastern Mediterranean Climatic Transient (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The Aegean water masses and circulation structure are studied via two large-scale surveys performed during the late winters of 1988 and 1990 by the R/V Yakov Gakkel of the former Soviet Union. The analysis of these data sheds light on the mechanisms of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea that triggered the outflow of Cretan Deep Water (CDW) from the Cretan Sea into the abyssal basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient). It is found that the central Aegean Basin is the site of the formation of Aegean Intermediate Water, which slides southward and, depending on their density, renews either the intermediate or the deep water of the Cretan Sea. During the winter of 1988, the Cretan Sea waters were renewed mainly at intermediate levels, while during the winter of 1990 it was mainly the volume of CDW that increased. This Aegean water mass redistribution and formation process in 1990 differed from that in 1988 in two major aspects: (i) during the winter of 1990 the position of the front between the Black Sea Water and the Levantine Surface Water was displaced farther north than during the winter of 1988 and (ii) heavier waters were formed in 1990 as a result of enhanced lateral advection of salty Levantine Surface Water that enriched the intermediate waters with salt. In 1990 the 29.2 isopycnal rose to the surface of the central basin and a large volume of CDW filled the Cretan Basin. It is found that, already in 1988, the 29.2 isopycnal surface, which we assume is the lowest density of the CDW, was shallower than the Kassos Strait sill and thus CDW egressed into the Eastern Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1841-1859
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Aegean Sea ; Water Masses ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Using Temperature–Salinity Relations in a Global Ocean Implementation of a Multivariate Data Assimilation Scheme (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic: A Multi-Model-Ensemble Study (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ensemble experiments are performed with five coupled atmosphere–ocean models to investigate the potential for initial-value climate forecasts on interannual to decadal time scales. Experiments are started from similar model-generated initial states, and common diagnostics of predictability are used. We find that variations in the ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, a more consistent picture of the surface temperature impact of decadal variations in the MOC is now apparent, and variations of surface air temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean are also potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, albeit with potential skill levels that are less than those seen for MOC variations. This intercomparison represents a step forward in assessing the robustness of model estimates of potential skill and is a prerequisite for the development of any operational forecasting system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1195-1203
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Decadal Climate ; North Atlantic ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Short term variations of zoo plankton community in the West Naubaria Canal, Alexandria, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria : National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: The variations of zooplankton structure and abundance were studied at short time intervals in the northern part of the West Naubaria Canal, near the sea side, based on weekly sampling from May 2002 to May 2003 .The community represented high species richness (120 species), and relatively low population density ( annual average 31340 organisms/m.3). Freshwater forms were the major representatives (68 species) of the community, including the sea side station. However, several marine species were reported inside the canal at a long distance from the sea. The community structure showed wide weekly variations (4-29 species), while between stations the differences were small. Relative to salinity in the canal, diversity index sustained the highest value (annual average 1.8) at the sea side station (St. 1) with surface salinity 11.1 PSU compared to the values reported at the other stations (annual averages 1.5-1.7) with average salinity was 8.7, 7.6 and 6 PSU at stations 2, 3 & 4 respectively. The diversity index experienced also clear temporal variations at all stations, parallel to those of standing crop and number of species. The zooplankton abundance showed wide changes on both scales of time and space, with an annual average of 34.4, 17.1, 33.2 and 40.6 x 103 organisms /m3at station 1-1V respectively, and weekly values varying from a minimum of 150 organisms /m3 to a maximum of 797.7 x 103 organisms /m3. Despite of salinity differences, copepods, mainly their nauplii larvae were the absolute predominant component at all stations representing a very stable fraction of zooplankton forming 66.1%-77.9%, while different patterns of co-dominance were observed at different stations relative to salinity variations.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Naubaria Canal ; Zooplankton ; Salinity ; Salinity ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
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    The subduction experiment : cruise report R/V Knorr : cruise number 138 leg XV : subduction 3 mooring recovery cruise, 13-30 June 1993 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Subduction is the mechanism by which water masses formed in the mixed layer and near the surface of the ocean find their way into the upper thermocline. The subduction process and its underlying mechanisms were studied though a combination of Eulerian and Langrangian measurements of velocity, measurements of tracer distributions and hydrographic properties and modeling. An array of five surface moorings carrying meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation were deployed for a period of two years beginning in June 1991 as part of an Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded Subduction experiment. Three eight month deployments were planned. The moorings were deployed at 18°N 34°W, 18°N 22°W, 25.5°N 29°W, 33°N 22°W and 33°N 34°W. A Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and an Improved Meteorological Recorder (IMET) collected wind speed and wind direction, sea surface temperature, air temperature, short wave radiation, barometric pressure and relative humidity. The IMET also measured precipitation. The moorings were heavily instrumented below the surface with Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) and single point temperature recorders. Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were collected and meteorological observations were made while transmitting between mooring locations. This report describes the work that took place during R/V Knorr cruise number 138 leg XV which was the fourth scheduled Subduction mooring cruise. During this cruise the moorings previously deployed for a third and final eight month period were recovered. This report includes a description of the moorings and instrumentation that were recovered, has information about the underway measurements (XBT and meteorological observations) that were made including plots of the data, and presents a chronology of the cruise events.
    Description: Funding provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-90-J-1490.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Subduction ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN138
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
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    W.H.O.I./Brown CTD microprofiler : methods of calibration and data handling (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This report describes calibration techniques developed over the past three years for the WHOI/Brown CTD in the Moored Array Program. Comparison is made with classical methods of hydrography for stations obtained in the MODE-1 density program. Methods for temperature lag correction and conversion of conductivity to salinity are given.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: CTD ; Calibration ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Long-term evolution and coupling of the boundary layers in the Stratus Deck Regions of the eastern Pacific (STRATUS) (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: A surface mooring was deployed in the eastern tropical Pacific west of northern Chile from the R/V Melville as part of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC). EPIC is a CLIVAR study with the goal of investigating links between sea surface temperature variability in the eastern tropical Pacific and climate over the American continents. Important to that goal is an understanding of the role of clouds in the eastern Pacific in modulating atmosphere-ocean coupling. The mooring was deployed near 20°S 85°W, at a location near the western edge of the stratocumulus cloud deck found west of Peru and Chile. This deployment started a three-year occupation of that site by a WHOI surface mooring in order to collect accurate time series of surface forcing and upper ocean variability. The surface mooring was deployed by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). In collaboration with investigators from the University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, an XBT section was made on the way out to the mooring from Arica, Chile, and an XBT and CTD section was made on the way into Arica. The buoy was equipped with meteorological instrumentation, including two Improved METeorological (IMET) systems. The mooring also carried Vector Measuring Current Meters, single-temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders located in the upper meters of the mooring line. In addition to the instrumentation noted above, a variety of other instruments, including an acoustic current meter, an acoustic doppler current profiler, a bio-optical instrument package, and an acoustic rain guage, were deployed. This report describes, in a general manner, the work that took place and the data collected during the Cook 2 cruise aboard the R/V Melville. The surface mooring deployed during this cruise will be recovered and re-deployed after approximately 12 months and again after 24 months, with a final recovery planned for 36 months after the first setting. Details of the mooring design and preliminary data from the XBT and CTD sections are included.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grant number NA96GP0429.
    Keywords: Stratocumulus clouds ; Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Melville (Ship) Cruise Cook 2
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    The Subduction experiment : mooring field program and data summary ; Sub 1 June 1991-February 1992 ; Sub 2 February 1992-October 1992 ; Sub 3 October 1992-June 1993 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: An array of five surface moorings carrying meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation was deployed for a period of two years beginning in June 1991 as part of an Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded Subduction experiment. Three eight month deployments were carried out. The five mooring locations were 18°N 34°W, 18°N 22°W, 25.5°N 29°W, 33°N 22°W and 33°N 34°W. Two Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and three Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) moorings collected oceanographic and meteorological data, using a 3-meter discus or 2-meter toroid buoy and multiple Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs), an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Brancker temperature recorders (tpods). The surface buoys carried a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and, on four of the five moorings, an Improved Meteorological Recorder (IMET) which measured wind speed and wind direction, sea surface temperature, air temperature, short wave radiation, barometric pressure and relative humidity. The IMET also measured precipitation. The VMCMs, ADCP and tpods, placed at depths 1 m to 3500 m, measured oceanic velocities and temperatures. This report presents meteorological and oceanographic data from the WHOI Upper Ocean Processes Group (UOP) and the SIO Instrument and Development Group (lDG) instruments and contains summaries of the instruments used, their depths, mooring positions, mooring deployment and recovery times, and data return. Appendices contain information on supplementary Subduction data sets.
    Description: Funding provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-90-J-1490.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Subduction ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC240 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC250 ; Charles Darwin (Ship) Cruise CD73 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN138
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Acquisition, description and evaluation of atmospheric model products for the coastal mixing and optics experiments (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Numerical weather forecasting model products were acquired for use in the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Experiment to augment in situ observations of meteorological parameters (e.g., wind speed and direction, air temperature and relative humidity) at a moored array of buoys in the Middle Atlantic Bight. In this report, the Eta and Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) regional models are described and the two methods of acquisition via the Internet, the Internet Data Distribution (IDD) system and file transfer (FTP) from the NOAA Information Center's data server, are discussed. Processing and archival of the model data are also addressed. Data from the CMO central mooring and six National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys in the Middle Atlantic bight were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model products. Comparisons between model and in situ wind speed, wind direction, barometrc pressure, air temperature and sea surface temperature were possible for all seven of the buoys. Since no moisture measurement was made from the NDBC buoys, comparisons of relative and specific humidity were only possible at the CMO buoy. Sensible and latent heat fluxes and global (net) radiation from the models were compared to estimates of heat fluxes and net radiation from the CMO central buoy.
    Description: Funding provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. NOO014-95-1-0339.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Numerical weather forecasting models ; Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Experiment
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
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    TOGA COARE mooring deployment, mooring check-out and mooring recovery cruises : R/V Wecoma 7 October-1 November 1992, R/V Le Noriot 2 December-15 December 1992, R/V Wecoma 27 February-11 March 1993 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Tropical Ocean - Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) was conceived in order to improve understanding of the principal processes responsible for coupling of the ocean and atmosphere in the western Pacific warm pool region. Field work for TOGA COARE was concentrated in an Intensive Flux Array (IFA) and included a variety of atmospheric and oceanic platforms. The Upper Ocean Processes Group (UOPG) was involved in TOGA COARE through the preparation, deployment, and recovery of a heavily instrumented surface mooring for the observation of air-sea fluxes and oceanic temperature, salinity, and currents in the upper 300 m. The mooring was deployed at 1°,45.27'S, 155°,59.73'E on 21 October 1992 in 1744 m of water. An instrument check-out cruise was undertaken in December of 1992 in order to evaluate the meteorological systems on the buoy. The mooring was recovered on 4 March 1993. This report describes mooring deployment operations, the instrument check-out cruise, and the mooring recovery. UOPG personnel also assisted with the deployment and recovery of five other moorings as a part of the COARE IFA and these operations are discussed.
    Description: Funding provided by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-9110554 and OCE-9110559.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Western Pacific warm pool ; Wecoma (Ship) Cruise WE92-10A ; Wecoma (Ship) Cruise WE93-02A ; le Noroit (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
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    Oceanographic data from the R.R.S. Discovery II. : International Geophysical Year cruise 3, 1958 (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-54
    Description: In August and September 1958 a number of oceanographic sections were made in the R.R.S. DISCOVERY II, Captain James Gray, under the scientific leadership of H. F. P. Herdman. These sections comprise part of a joint program undertaken by the National Institute of Oceanography and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the International Geophysical Year.
    Description: The United States participation in this program was supported by the Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr 2196(00) with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Discovery II (Ship) International Geophysical Year Cruise 3 ; Ocean temperature ; Echo sounding ; Chemical oceanography ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 12
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    Long-term evolution of the coupled boundary layers (Stratus) mooring recovery and deployment cruise report R/V Melville (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Long Term Evolution and Coupling of the Boundary Layers Study (referred to as the Stratus Project) is an effort to obtain a reliable multi-year dataset of meteorological and subsurface measurements beneath the stratus cloud deck off the coast of Chile and Peru. This data will improve our understanding of the role of clouds in ocean-atmosphere coupling. This project is part of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC), a NOAA-funded Climate Variability (CLIVAR) study. During the Stratus 2002 cruise, a surface mooring that had been deployed for one year off the coast of Chile was recovered, and a new surface mooring was deployed in the same location. The 2002 deployment starts the final year of a three-year occupation of the site by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) mooring as part of the Enhanced Monitoring element of EPIC. The occupation of the site will be continued under the NOAA Climate Observations Program, with the mooring serving as a Surface Reference Site. The Stratus buoys were equipped with surface meteorological instrumentation, mainly two Improved METeorological (IMET) systems. The moorings also carried subsurface equipment attached to the mooring line, which measured conductivity, temperature, current direction and velocity, chlorophyll-a, and rainfall. The moorings were recovered and deployed by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of WHOI from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s R/V Melville. In collaboration with investigators from the Chilean Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) and the University of Concepcion, Chile, conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) profiles were obtained at the mooring site and along 20°S while steaming east from the mooring site.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant Number NA17RJ1223.
    Keywords: STRATUS ; Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Melville (Ship) Cruise Vanc03
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 13
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    Arabian Sea mixed layer dynamics experiment data report (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Arabian Sea is characterized by strong, large-scale atmospheric forcing during the summer (southwest) and winter (northeast) monsoons. To investigate air-sea interactions related to this unique surface forcing, a moored array was deployed from 15 October 1994 to 19 October 1995 just south of a region that experiences the climatological maximum winds during the summer monsoon. The array consisted of two Scripps Institution of Oceanography surface toroid buoys, two University of Washington subsurface moorings and a surface 3 m discus buoy deployed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The WHOI buoy carried redundant meteorological packages to measure wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometrc pressure, incoming short- and long-wave radiation and precipitation. Oceanographic instrumentation was deployed on the WHOI buoy's bridle and mooring line to collect time series of temperatue, salinity and velocity at various depths. Four multi-varable moored systems (MVMS) were also deployed along the mooring line by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the University of California at Santa Barbara to record both bio-optical and physical parameters. This report describes the instrumentation deployed on the WHOI buoy and the processing and editing of the returned data. The data are then summarized in graphical and tabular formats.
    Description: Funding provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-94-1-0161.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Thomas G. Thompson (Ship) Cruise TN40 ; Thomas G. Thompson (Ship) Cruise TN46 ; Thomas G. Thompson (Ship) Cruise TN52
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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