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  • Other Sources  (785)
  • Elsevier  (652)
  • Copernicus Publications (EGU)  (89)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (44)
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  • 2005-2009  (785)
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  • 1
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    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Geophysics, ed.: Renata Dmowska, Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 65-111, pp. L21303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Rock mechanics ; Friction ; Fracture ; Physical properties of rocks ; geometry
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  • 2
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    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Geophysics, ed.: Renata Dmowska, Heidelberg, Elsevier, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1-64, pp. 1516, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Subduction zone ; USA
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  • 3
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 652 pp., Elsevier, vol. 39, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (0-444-51955-6)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Wave propagation ; plane ; spherical ; and ; cylindrical ; Waves ; in ; isotropic ; and ; transversely ; isotropic ; solids, ; liquid-solid ; models, ; and ; media ; with ; cylindrical ; inclusions ; (boreholes) ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-05-14
    Description: The volcanic arc of the Hellenic subduction zone with its four volcanic centers is of major relevance when evaluating the seismovolcanic hazard for the Aegean region. We present results from a 22-station temporary seismic network (CYCNET) in the central Hellenic Volcanic Arc (HVA). CYCNET recordings allow to analyze the level and spatio-temporal evolution of microseismic activity in this region for the first time. A total of 2175 events recorded between September 2002 and July 2004 are analyzed using statistical methods, cluster analysis and relative relocation techniques. We identify distinct regions with significantly varying spatiotemporal behavior of microseismicity. A large portion of the seismic activity within the upper crust is associated with the presence of islands representing horst structures that were generated during the major Oligocene extensional phase. In contrast, the central part of the Cyclades metamorphic core complex remains aseismic considering our magnitude threshold of 1.8 except one spot where events occur swarm-like and with highly similar waveforms. The highest activity in the study area was identified along the SW–NE striking Santorini–Amorgos zone. Within this zone the submarine Columbo volcano exhibits strong temporal variations of seismic activity on a high background level. This activity is interpreted to be directly linked to the magma reservoir and therein the migration of magma and fluids towards the surface. NE of Columbo where no volcanic activity has yet been reported we observe a similar seismicity pattern with small-scaled activity spots that might represent local pathways of upward migrating fluids or even developing volcanic activity within this zone of crustal weakness. In contrast, the Santorini and Milos volcanic complexes do not show significant temporal variations and low to moderate background activity, respectively. Relating our results to the distribution of historical earthquakes and the GPS-derived horizontal velocity field we conclude that the Santorini–Amorgos zone is presently in the state of right-lateral transtension reflecting a major structural boundary of the volcanic arc subdividing it into a seismically and volcanically quiet western and an active eastern part.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Elsevier
    In:  Organic Geochemistry, 39 (8). pp. 1000-1006.
    Publication Date: 2017-06-26
    Description: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), by converting methane to bicarbonate which is then precipitated as extensive carbonate crusts, is an important methane sink in the Earth’s ocean systems. Here we employ a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the role of microorganisms in carbonate precipitation using biomarker analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. We examined two microbial mats from the Black Sea and found that one comprised carbonate in both aragonite and Mg calcite forms and most likely ANME-1 archaea, whereas the other contained only Mg calcite and most likely ANME-2 archaea. We conclude, as have others, that the different microbial communities could impart different influences on carbonate mineralogy and morphology. Although further research is needed, this is a contribution to our understanding of those relationships, which could prove critical in the interpretation of ancient sedimentary deposits.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: Cold-water coral ecosystems are considered hot-spots of biodiversity and biomass production and may be a regionally important contributor to carbonate production. The impact of these ecosystems on biogeochemical processes and carbonate preservation in associated sediments were studied at Røst Reef and Traenadjupet Reef, two modern (post-glacial) cold-water coral reefs on the Mid-Norwegian shelf. Sulfate and iron reduction as well as carbonate dissolution and precipitation were investigated by combining pore-water geochemical profiles, steady state modeling, as well as solid phase analyses and sulfate reduction rate measurements on gravity cores of up to 3.25 m length. Low extents of sulfate depletion and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) production, combined with sulfate reduction rates not exceeding 3 nmol S cm−3 d−1, suggested that overall anaerobic carbon mineralization in the sediments was low. These data showed that the coral fragment-bearing siliciclastic sediments were effectively decoupled from the productive pelagic ecosystem by the complex reef surface framework. Organic matter being mineralized by sulfate reduction was calculated to consist of 57% carbon bound in CH2O groups and 43% carbon in -CH2- groups. Methane concentrations were below 1 μM, and failed to support the hypothesis of a linkage between the distribution of cold-water coral reefs and the presence of hydrocarbon seepage. Reductive iron oxide dissolution linked to microbial sulfate reduction buffered the pore-water carbonate system and inhibited acid-driven coral skeleton dissolution. A large pool of reactive iron was available leading to the formation of iron sulfide minerals. Constant pore-water Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ concentrations in most cores and decreasing Ca2+ and Sr2+ concentrations with depth in core 23–18 GC indicated diagenetic carbonate precipitation. This was consistent with the excellent preservation of buried coral fragments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: There is growing concern about the transfer of methane originating from water bodies to the atmosphere. Methane from sediments can reach the atmosphere directly via bubbles or indirectly via vertical turbulent transport. This work quantifies methane gas bubble dissolution using a combination of bubble modeling and acoustic observations of rising bubbles to determine what fraction of the methane transported by bubbles will reach the atmosphere. The bubble model predicts the evolving bubble size, gas composition, and rise distance and is suitable for almost all aquatic environments. The model was validated using methane and argon bubble dissolution measurements obtained from the literature for deep, oxic, saline water with excellent results. Methane bubbles from within the hydrate stability zone (typically below 500 m water depth in the ocean) are believed to form an outer hydrate rim. To explain the subsequent slow dissolution, a model calibration was performed using bubble dissolution data from the literature measured within the hydrate stability zone. The calibrated model explains the impressively tall flares (〉1300 m) observed in the hydrate stability zone of the Black Sea. This study suggests that only a small amount of methane reaches the surface at active seep sites in the Black Sea, and this only from very shallow water areas (〈100 m). Clearly, the Black Sea and the ocean are rather effective barriers against the transfer of bubble methane to the atmosphere, although substantial amounts of methane may reach the surface in shallow lakes and reservoirs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The late stage of the North East Atlantic (NEA) spring bloom was investigated during June 2005 along a transect section from 45 to 66° N between 15 and 20° W in order to characterize the contribution of siliceous and calcareous phytoplankton groups and describe their distribution in relation to environmental factors. We measured several biogeochemical parameters such as nutrients, surface trace metals, algal pigments, biogenic silica (BSi), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) or calcium carbonate, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (POC, PON and POP, respectively), as well as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). Results were compared with other studies undertaken in this area since the JGOFS NABE program. Characteristics of the spring bloom generally agreed well with the accepted scenario for the development of the autotrophic community. The NEA seasonal diatom bloom was in the late stages when we sampled the area and diatoms were constrained to the northern part of our transect, over the Icelandic Basin (IB) and Icelandic Shelf (IS). Coccolithophores dominated the phytoplankton community, with a large distribution over the Rockall-Hatton Plateau (RHP) and IB. The Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) region at the southern end of our transect was the region with the lowest biomass, as demonstrated by very low Chla concentrations and a community dominated by picophytoplankton. Early depletion of dissolved silicic acid (DSi) and increased stratification of the surface layer most likely triggered the end of the diatom bloom, leading to coccolithophore dominance. The chronic Si deficiency observed in the NEA could be linked to moderate Fe limitation, which increases the efficiency of the Si pump. TEP closely mirrored the distribution of both biogenic silica at depth and prymnesiophytes in the surface layer suggesting the sedimentation of the diatom bloom in the form of aggregates, but the relative contribution of diatoms and coccolithophores to carbon export in this area still needs to be resolved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-07
    Description: Structure-based inhibitor design has led to the discovery of a number of potent inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b (GPb), N-acyl derivatives of β-d-glucopyranosylamine, that bind at the catalytic site of the enzyme. The first good inhibitor in this class of compounds, N-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamine (NAG) (Ki = 32 μM), has been previously characterized by biochemical, biological and crystallographic experiments at 2.3 Å resolution. Bioisosteric replacement of the acetyl group by trifluoroacetyl group resulted in an inhibitor, N-trifluoroacetyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamine (NFAG), with a Ki = 75 μM. To elucidate the structural basis of its reduced potency, we determined the ligand structure in complex with GPb at 1.8 Å resolution. To compare the binding mode of N-trifluoroacetyl derivative with that of the lead molecule, we also determined the structure of GPb–NAG complex at a higher resolution (1.9 Å). NFAG can be accommodated in the catalytic site of T-state GPb at approximately the same position as that of NAG and stabilize the T-state conformation of the 280s loop by making several favourable contacts to Asn284 of this loop. The difference observed in the Ki values of the two analogues can be interpreted in terms of subtle conformational changes of protein residues and shifts of water molecules in the vicinity of the catalytic site, variations in van der Waals interaction, and desolvation effects.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Parasitology, 68 . pp. 111-137.
    Publication Date: 2020-04-23
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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