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  • Artikel  (6.249)
  • 550 - Earth sciences  (6.230)
  • Lipids
  • 2005-2009  (6.209)
  • 1975-1979  (40)
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  • Artikel  (6.249)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phospholipid composition and fatty acid profiles of the phospholipids in bovine predentin (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dental pulp ; Dentin ; Phospholipids ; Fatty acids ; Lipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary When bovine dental pulp was removed from erupted and unerupted molars the odontoblasts remained attached to the predentin-dentin shell, from which the soft, partially calcified predentin layer was removed for lipid analysis. The phospholipid and fatty acid composition of phospholipids and neutral lipids were the same in undemineralized bovine predentin from both erupted and unerupted calf molars. The major phospholipids present were phosphatidylcholine (52–56% of the total phospholipids) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (22–23%). About 10% of the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were plasmalogens. The major fatty acids observed were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids. The phospholipid composition of predentin was different from that of undemineralized dental pulp. Predentin contained a significantly higher percentage of phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin than dental pulp. The fatty acid profiles of the individual phospholipids in the bovine predentin layer were also determined, and for the most part they were comparable to similar comparisons made for other tissues. Predentin sphingomyelin contained only about 6% of 24-carbon fatty acids, which is a relatively low amount compared to sphingomyelin in most other tissues. The fatty acid compositions of predentin neutral lipids and phospholipids were similar to the compositions of dental pulp lipids, but both types of predentin lipids contained more docosapolyenoic acids. The phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of predentin lipids were different from those in human and rat dentin which have been reported by others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223306
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Squalenes, phytanes and other isoprenoids as major neutral lipids of methanogenic and thermoacidophilic “archaebacteria” (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 13 (1979), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Archaebacteria ; Methanobacteria ; Thermoplasma ; Sulfolobus ; Lipids ; Squalenes ; Phytane ; Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons ; Hydroisoprenoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The neutral lipids of nine species of methanogenic bacteria including five methanobacilli, two methanococci, a methanospirillum, one methanosarcina as well as two thermoacidophilic bacteria, Thermoplasma and Sulfolobus, were analyzed. The major components were C30, C25 and/or C20 acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons with a continuous range of hydroisoprenoid homologues. The range of acyclic isoprenoids detected were from C14 to C30. Apart fromMetbanosarcina barkeri, squalene and/or hydrosqualene derivatives were the predominant components in all species studied. The components ofMetbanosarcina barkeri were a family of C25 homologues. The distribution of the neutral lipid components and their specItIc variations in relative intensities emphasized the differences between the test organisms while the generic nature of the isoprenoid hydrocarbons demonstrated similarities between the diverse bacteria. The neutral lipid compositions from these bacteria, many of which exist in evironmental conditions like those described for the various evolutionary stages of the archean ecology, resemble the isoprenoid distribution isolated from ancient sediments and petroleum. Therefore, these findings may have major implications to biological and biogeochemical evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732755
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipochemistry of the progamic stage of a self-incompatible species: Neutral lipids and fatty acids of the secretory stigma during its glandular activity, and of the solid style, the ovary and the anther in Forsythia intermedia Zab. (Heterostylic species) (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Forsythia ; Heterostyly ; Lipids ; Reproduction, sexual
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chromatographic (thin-layer, gas column, column chromatography) analyses of neutral lipids and fatty acids of reproductive tissues of Forsythia intermedia Zab., a self-incompatible species, were performed with two objectives in mind: 1. To determine whether there is a qualitative evolution of the different classes of lipids and fatty acids that could be correlated with the three functional stages observed during previous histochemical and ultrastructural studies. The stigmatic exudate and intracellular accumulations consist mainly of neutral lipids. 2. To compare the lipid composition of the stigma (both “thrum” and “pin” forms) with that of the style, the ovary, and the anther, and to investigate the possible existence of a stigma-specific lipid compound. Stigmatic neutral lipids are found mostly in a glyceridic mixture probably containing hydrocarbons and terpenes. The fatty acids identified are between C:7 and C: 12, with the maximum unsaturated form being a C: 18. During the secretory process there is no great qualitative diference between the neutral lipids and fatty acids found in the stigmas of “thrum” and “pin” forms. Sterols are present in styles, ovaries, and anthers, but not in stigmas. They represent the only difference in the lipid composition of these various floral structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387556
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid metabolism in green leaves of developing monocotyledons (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Acyl lipids ; Leaves ; Lipids ; Monocotyledons ; Radiolabelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lipid synthesis was studied in successive leaf sections from the base to the tip of developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. The endogenous levels of acyl lipids and their constituent fatty acids from the same leaf sections were also analysed. The principle chloroplast acyl lipids showed a relative increase in amount with the age of the leaf section. Their content of α-linolenic acid also increased whereas there was little change in the amount of this acid in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are primarily non-chloroplastic. The content of trans-3-hexadecenoic acid in phosphatidylglycerol increased approximately 20-fold between the youngest (basal) and oldest (distal) leaf sections. The incorporation of [14C]acetate was always high into monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and the neutral lipid (mainly pigments) fractions. With increasing age, the neutral lipids were less well labelled. In three of the plant species but not in barley, phosphatidylglycerol was heavily labelled. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol usually contained the highest amount of radioactivity in the middle leaf sections. Apart from these generalisations, each plant type had its own specific pattern of radiolabelling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388640
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmentally-induced changes in the neutral lipids and intracellular vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Kluyveromyces fragilis ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sterol esters ; Triacylglycerols ; Vesicles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown aerobically or anaerobically under conditions which induce a requirement for a sterol and an unsaturated fatty acid, synthesized approximately the same amounts of neutral lipid and intracellular low-density vesicles, although the neutral lipids in aerobically-grown cells contained more esterified sterol and less triacylglycerol than those in anaerobically-grown cells. Kluyveromyces fragilis synthesized much less neutral lipid and a smaller quantity of low-density vesicles than S. cerevisiae whether grown at 30°C (generation time 1.1 h) or 20°C (generation time 2.1 h). Both yeasts synthesized highly saturated triacylglycerols, relatively unsaturated phospholipids, and esterified sterols with an intermediate degree of unsaturation irrespective of the conditions under which they were grown. Free sterols in the yeasts were rich in ergosterol and 22(24)-dehydroergosterol, while the esterified sterol fractions were richer in zymosterol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410774
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma-Membrane lipid composition and ethanol tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma membrane ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ethanol tolerance ; Sterols ; Fatty-acyl residues
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Populations of cells suspended anaerobically in buffered (pH 4.5) M ethanol remained viable to a greater extent when their plasma membranes were enriched in linoleyl rather than oleyl residues irrespective of the nature of the sterol enrichment. However, populations with membranes enriched in ergosterol or stigmasterol and linoleyl residues were more resistant to ethanol than populations enriched in campesterol or cholesterol and linoleyl residues. Populations enriched in ergosterol and cetoleic acid lost viability at about the same rate as those enriched in oleyl residues, while populations grown in the presence of this sterol and palmitoleic acid were more resistant to ethanol. Suspending cells in buffered ethanol for up to 24 h did not lower the ethanol concentration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738541
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of cell-envelope fractions of chemotrophically and phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum tenue (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhodospirillum tenue ; Composition of cell envelope ; Lipids ; Respiratory activities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Envelope preparations of chemotrophically and phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum tenue were isolated and characterized on the basis of their contents and composition in phospholipids and fatty acids, as well as on the basis of their enzyme activities, absorption spectra and polypeptide patterns. Both preparations were similar in their contents in phospholipids and fatty acids. Their total fatty acids were characterized by a rather high percentage of saturated fatty acids. The activities of the respiratory reactions were considerably higher in chemotrophic than in phototrophic membranes. This is true especially for activities of the terminal oxidase which were over 20 times greater. The affinities of the corresponding enzymes to their respective substrates (K m ) differed with differences in the culture conditions. Under chemotrophic conditions the K m values for the NADH-dependent reactions were lower than those values under phototrophic conditions, whereas the K m values for the succinate dependent reactions were higher. The low temperature (77°K) near infrared spectrum of the phototrophic membrane showed a peak at 875 nm which was not detectable in the chemotrophic membrane. The polypeptide patterns, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, of both preparations were quite similar except for the presence of two low molecular weight proteins (M. Wt. 12,000 and 10,000) in the phototrophic membrane which were absent in the chemotrophic membrane. Both envelope preparations were further fractionated into enriched cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane fractions which were identified on the basis of their contents in 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, ubiquinone 8 and bacteriochlorophyll (in the case of the phototrophic membrane) and their enzyme activities. The buoyant densities of the corresponding fractions from both envelope preparations were found to be equal. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that envelope preparations of chemotrophically and phototrophically grown R. tenue are similar in their contents in 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, ubiquinone 8, phospholipids and fatty acids, yet differ significantly in their spectra, protein patterns and enzyme activities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406663
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibitory effect of ethanol on growth and solute accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as affected by plasma-membrane lipid composition (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ethanol inhibition ; Solute accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Plasma membrane ; Lipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Incorporation of ethanol (1.0 or 1.25 M) into exponential-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 366 growing anaerobically in a medium supplemented with ergosterol and an unsaturated fatty acid caused a retardation in growth rate, which was greater when the medium contained oleic rather than linoleic acid. Ethanol incorporation led to an immediate drop in growth rate, and ethanol-containing cultures grew at the slower rate for at least 10 h. Incorporation of ethanol (0.5 M) into buffered (pH 4.5) cell suspensions containing d-[6-3H] glucose, d-[1-14C] glucosamine, l-[U-14C] lysine or arginine, or KH2 32PO4 lowered the rate of solute accumulation by cells. Rates of accumulation of glucose, lysine and arginine were retarded to a greater extent when cells had been grown in the presence of oleic rather than linoleic acid. This difference was not observed with accumulation of phosphate. Ethanol was extracted from exponential-phase cells by four different methods. Cells grown in the presence of linoleic acid contained a slightly, but consistently, lower concentration of ethanol than cells grown in oleic acid-containing medium. The ethanol concentration in cells was 5–7 times greater than that in the cell-free medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408045
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipids of the marine bacterium Flexibacter polymorphus (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Gliding bacterium ; Lipids ; Polyunsaturated acids ; Membrane ; Nutrients ; Flexibacter polymorphus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports on the total fatty acid composition of a marine bacterium representative of the genus Flexibacter. Flexibacter polymorphus is unusual in containing a high proportion of the polunsaturated acid C20:5ω3 whilst the level of branched fatty acids is low. These facts suggest that the membrane flexibility necessary for its gliding motility is a function of the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition. Biosynthetic precursors to the C20:5 acid are present which are characteristic of an oxygen-dependent pathway. The fatty acid composition of the structural lipids is influenced by changes in the culture medium. Na2S inhibits production of the C20:5 acid at levels much lower than that at which it is known to inhibit growth. The intracellular granules observable in F. polymorphus do not contain elemental sulphur, in contrast to Beggiatoa sps., but instead probably contain lipids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446872
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in pigment content, lipid pattern and ultrastructure of synchronous Chlorella after heat and cold shocks (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Carotenoids ; Chlorella ; Chlorophyll ; Chloroplasts ; Lipids ; Temperature shocks ; Thylakoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Completely synchronous Chlorella cultures were treated with heat (45°C) or cold shocks (4° C) of different lengths at the sixth hour of the 14:10 h lightdark-cycle. After the treatment the cells were grown under normal conditions. Analysis at the end of the cycle showed a direct connection between pigment bleaching, reduction of lipid content, loss of thylakoid stacking and a shift of the fluorescence emission maximuminto a region of shorter wavelength. The thylakoid stacking was completely loosened after a heat shock while two thylakoids remained in contact after cold treatment. This probably explains the different regeneration capacities in temperature shock treated cells. None of the described effects could be observed directly after the shocks. From the parallel decay of chlorophyll a, monogalactosyl diglyceride and carotenoids an intimate correlation with the photosystem II complex is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390806
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