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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
  • INGV  (10)
  • Cambridge University Press  (1)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009  (11)
  • 1980-1984
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Interpretation of data from the monitoring thermal camera of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Twenty eruptive events from the Northeast Crater of Stromboli volcano recorded by a thermal monitoring camera in early 2004 were analysed in order to understand the eruptive dynamics. Selected eventswere chosen to be typical of explosions that characterize the steady activity of Stromboli in terms of jet height and duration. Most of the explosions consisted of clast-rich single bursts, originating from the same vent inside the Northeast Crater. Conspicuous ash emission was scarce. Eruptions were preceded by the flashing of a perturbation wave characterized by low temperatures and an average propagation velocity of about 35–100 m s−1. This perturbation was thought to be caused by the bursting of the gas slug at the bottom of the crater and is interpreted as an air wave. This was immediately followed by the expansion of a jet of ‘hot’ gas and particles, at a velocity of 35–75 m s−1. Ejecta coarser than 138 cm appeared ∼1.6–2 s after the onset of the explosion, moving at a variable velocity (30–60 m s−1). Eruptive events were either vertical or inclined 7–13◦ towards the NNW. This inclination is thought to be a consequence either of the morphology of the conduit, following modest rock falls that partially obstructed the uppermost part of the crater, or of the displacement of the internal conduit due to the explosive activity of the volcano. The instability of the summit area is a further possible cause of the deformation of the conduit.
    Description: This work was partially funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Italy, project INGVDPC V2
    Description: Published
    Description: 591–601
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: explosive dynamic ; thermal video monitoring ; volcano-tectonic structures ; volcano collapses ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The structure of the ophiolitic beltin Albania inferred from geomagnetic anomalies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The ground magnetic measurements in Albania were used for the compilation of the Total Magnetic Field (TMF) anomaly map of Albania. The magnetic data were processed and interpreted in order to study the structure of the ophiolitic belts of Albania. The ophiolites of Albania are placed at the Mirdita zone and are divided into two parallel alignments which are called the eastern and western ophiolitic belts. They are associated with strong potential field anomalies and their characteristics are considered crucial for a better understanding of the tectonic settings of Albania. The ground TMF data used in this study were acquired over various campaigns (1990-1994) and cover most of Albania's territory. The data were compiled to a map after reduction to the epoch 1990.4. The strongest magnetic anomalies in Albania appear along the known ophiolitic belts which trend NE-SW to the north and NW-SE to the south. Several processing steps were applied to the unified and gridded data in order to obtain information on the distribution of the magnetic sources. The magnetic sources were subsequently modeled using a 2.5D inversion technique. The magnetic properties of the ophiolites determined from laboratory measurements on rock samples, while their lateral extent was calculated from the processing of the magnetic data and used as constraints to the inversion procedure. The bottom of the ophiolitic belts is considered to be predominated by harzburgites. They exhibit lower magnetization than other rocks of the complex, i.e. gabbros, basalt. In fact gabbros are associated with the observed high frequency magnetic anomalies. The modeling results indicate that the thickness of the ophiolites is reduced from east to west. The eastern ophiolitic belt has a maximum thickness of approximately 12 km at its northern section (Kukesi and Lura massifs). The magnetic sources appear with relatively small thickness at the western ophiolitic belt. Boundaries of the eastern ophiolites are characterized by vertical contacts.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Total Magnetic Field ; ophioltic belt ; 2.5D modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    On-line technique for preparingand measuring stable carbon isotopeof total dissolved inorganic carbonin water samples ( d13CTDIC) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A fast and completely automated procedure is proposed for the preparation and determination of d13C of total inorganic carbon dissolved in water ( d13CTDIC). This method is based on the acidification of water samples transforming the whole dissolved inorganic carbon species into CO2. Water samples are directly injected by syringe into 5.9 ml vials with screw caps which have a pierciable rubber septum. An Analytical Precision «Carbonate Prep System» was used both to flush pure helium into the vials and to automatically dispense a fixed amount of H3PO4. Full-equilibrium conditions between produced CO2 and water are reached at a temperature of 70°C (± 0.1°C) in less than 24 h. Carbon isotope ratios (13C/ 12C) were measured on an AP 2003 continuous flow mass spectrometer, connected on-line with the injection system. The precision and reproducibility of the proposed method was tested both on aqueous standard solutions prepared using Na2CO3 with d13C=-10.78 per mil versus PDB (1 s= 0.08, n = 11), and at five different concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5 and 20 mmol/l) and on more than thirty natural samples. Mean d13CTDIC on standard solution samples is 10.89 〈 per mil versus PDB (1 s= 0.18, n = 50), thus revealing both a good analytical precision and reproducibility. A comparison between average d13CTDIC values on a quadruplicate set of natural samples and those obtained following the chemical and physical stripping method highlights a good agreement between the two analytical methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: carbon isotope composition ; Total Inorganic Carbon ; Dissolved in water (TDIC) ; stable isotopes ; continuous flow IRMS measurements ; on-line extraction technique ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    A theoretical method for estimating the characteristics of radon transportin homogeneous soil (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A theoretical method for estimating the characteristics of radon transport in homogeneous soil is developed. The method allows the following characteristics to be estimated: depth distribution function of the soil gas radon concentration, equilibrium radon concentration in the soil air, depth at which the radon concentration reaches its equilibrium value, radon flux density from the Earths surface, and convective radon transport velocity. The method is based on soil gas radon concentration measurements and is appropriate in the case of relatively uniform geology.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: method ; radon ; soil ; convectiv evelocity ; radon flux density ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Radon and thoron daughter activities in the environment of the King George Island (West Antarctica) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Results of 253 gamma spectrometric analyses of radon daughters in soil and bedrocks of the King George Island (West Antarctica) are presented. Measured values range from 0.1 to 58.4 Bq/kg, and from 4.9 to 75.5 Bq/kg for 214Bi and 208Tl respectively, but most measurements fall in the lower part of this range due to predominantly basaltic character of the geological basement. Obtained gamma spectrometric data correspond well to very low soil gas radon content measured by means of Kodak LR115 being below 454 Bqm-3. Low soil gas radon content and characteristic type of architecture is responsible for low indoor radon activity in Arctowski Station being as low as 10- 15 Bqm-3. The highest 105 Bqm-3 indoor Rn activity has been measured in the greenhouse bungalow of the station. This increased value was probably connected with the presence of about 1000 kg of imported soil material in the greenhouse room of the bungalow. Local zones of increased uranium and thorium content, discovered as a result of radiometric mapping, can potentaily influence atmospheric radon used for meteorological interpretation.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; radon ; uranium ; thorium ; spectrometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Pressure Stimulated Currents (PSC)in marble samples (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The electrical behaviour of marble samples from Penteli Mountain was studied while they were subjected to uniaxial stress. The application of consecutive impulsive variations of uniaxial stress to thirty connatural samples produced Pressure Stimulated Currents (PSC). The linear relationship between the recorded PSC and the applied variation rate was investigated. The main results are the following: as far as the samples were under pressure corresponding to their elastic region, the maximum PSC value obeyed a linear law with respect to pressure variation. In the plastic region deviations were observed which were due to variations of Young s modulus. Furthermore, a special burst form of PSC recordings during failure is presented. The latter is emitted when irregular longitudinal splitting is observed during failure.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Pressure Stimulated Currents (PSC)-Piezo Stimulated Current ; rocks ; marble-electricprecursors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Resistivity and heterogeneity of Earth crust in an active tectonic region, Southern Tuscany (Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Southern Tuscany, belonging to the inner zone of the Northern Apennines, Italy, is an ideal laboratory for observing the physical features of the lithosphere and their evolution in tectonically active regions. Here the crust is very thin, with a thickness of less than 25 km, and heat flow is very high, hence only very shallow depths of exploration are needed to investigate many of the middle-deep crustal features that are common to many other parts of the world. The magnetotelluric (MT) surveys performed in this region have provided information on the resistivity structure, which is related to the extent and distribution of free fluids and to the partial melts in the crust. The picture emerging from these MT surveys is that of a resistivity structure that is only partly related to the heat flow regime of the area. A very low resistivity was found below the vapour-dominated geothermal system of Larderello and below areas that have no clear connection to any geothermal system, whereas this reduction of resistivity is less conspicuous below the water-dominated geothermal system of Mt. Amiata.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: crustal exploration ; magnetotellurics ; geothermal areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Infrared remote sensing of Earth degassing - Ground study (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Geodynamical processes e.g., volcanoes, often cause degassing at the Earth surface. The geogas emanates via mineral springs, water mofettes, or dry mofettes. It is assumed that the emerging gas influences the temperature of the spring or mofette water, respectively and the surface temperature of the soil at and around the dry gas vents. This causes a thermal anomaly in comparison to the close vicinity. Under specific conditions this effect should be extractable from remotely acquired infrared images allowing detection, mapping and monitoring of gas vents/springs within large areas and short times. This article describes preparatory investigations for which emanating Earth gas was simulated by leading compressed air into the ground and releasing it in some depth via a metal lance. The thermal effect at the surface was observed from a nearby thermovision camera in summer and winter under varying meteorological conditions. A procedure was developed to reliably identify gas release areas within the recorded thermal images of the scene. The investigations are aiming at studies to be performed later in the Western Bohemia (Czech Republic) earthquake swarm region where especially CO2 of magmatic origin from European SubContinental Mantle (ESCM) emanates.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: mofettes ; thermography ; remote sensing ; swarm earthquakes ; CO2-gas emission ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Distribution of radon activity in the atmosphere above Wzgórza Niemczansko-Strzelinskie (South-WestPoland) and its dependence on uranium and thorium content in the underlying rock and indirect ground basement (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Radon activity in the atmosphere and its behavior in the environment have been investigated using LR-115 nuclear track detector. The complex geological structure of Wzgórza Niemczansko-Strzelinskie (south-west Poland) enabled this problem to be studied in various geological conditions. The eU and eTh content in rocks and soil was measured by gamma-spectrometer GR-320. Uranium content of bedrock reached its maximum value of 15 ppm in the case of quartz-graphite schist. Thorium reached its maximum value of 35 ppm in the case of granodiorite. Radon activity was measured by means of long-term exposure of LR-115. The mean value of atmospheric radon activity was 21 Bqm-3 in the air 2 m above the ground surface. The highest radon activities were measured in the area of granite and quartz-graphite schist outcrops and in the area of mylonitic rocks of the Niemcza Zone. Radon activity in close to ground cup detectors varies from 25 to 300 Bqm-3, these values depend on uranium and thorium content in indirect ground basement (soil and weathered rocks). Not only uranium and thorium content but also rock disintegration due to tectonic events (shear zones) influenced atmospheric radon activity. Seasonal variation is not strong, although higher values were measured in the autumn- winter period.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon ; atmosphere ; uranium ; thorium ; rock ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Growth and subsidence of carbonate platforms: numerical modelling and application to the Dolomites, Italy (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The phenomenon of subsidence induced by the growth of carbonate platforms has been investigated with the aid of numerical modelling. The research aimed to quantify the relative contribution of this process in the creation of the accommodation space required to pile up thick neritic bodies. We analysed two end-member deformation styles, namely the elastic behaviour of the lithosphere when locally loaded and the plastic-like reaction of a sedimentary succession underlying a growing carbonate buildup. The former process, analysed using a modified flexural model, generates a regional subsidence. In contrast, the latter process, simulated by considering the compaction occurring in soft sediments, generates a local subsidence. We attempted to quantify the amount and distribution of subsidence occurring below and surrounding an isolated platform and in the adjacent basin. The major parameters playing a role in the process are discussed in detail. The model is then applied to the Late Anisian-Early Ladinian generation of carbonate platforms of the Dolomites, Northern Italy, where they are spectacularly exposed. Taking also into account the Tertiary shortening that occurred in the area, both local and regional subsidence contributions of major platform bodies have been calculated aimed at a reconstruction of the map of the induced subsidence. A major outcome of this study is that the accommodation space, that allowed the accumulation of very thick shallow-water carbonate successions in the Dolomites, was only partially due to lithospheric stretching while the contribution given by the 'local' overload is as high as 20-40% of the total subsidence. Our results also shed some light on the water-depth problem of the Triassic basins as well as on the basin-depth to platform-thickness relationships.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lithospheric flexure ; differential compaction ; Triassic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 11
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    Electrical tomography and TDEM prospection in the Chianciano thermal basin (Siena, Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: Chianciano thermal basin in Tuscany belongs to a great structure that extends, from San Casciano Bagni to Rapolano, orientated SSE-NNW. Several springs are located in this thermal field: Acqua Santa, Macerina, Casuccini and Sillene well. They are located close to the contact between the lower complex of the «Tuscan series» (Triassic limestones and dolomites) and Pliocene formations (sands and clayey sands, clays and silty clays). According to the groundwater flow scheme, the former formations represent the geothermal reservoir and, where they outcrop, the recharge areas. Thermalized fluids rise through direct faults, having an apennine orientation. In order to locate a new production well, electrical tomography and TDEM prospection were performed. Geophysical interpretation led to the construction of 1D imaged and 2D sections showing the main tectonic features. The different electrical behaviour of the hydrogeological units disclosed a fault located near the old Sillene well; this tectonic feature caused the uplifting of Triassic formations towards the north-east. A new production well was located close to the fault in the uplifted sector with excellent results as it captured the thermal aquifer at a depth of 30 m with a discharge up to 70 l/s.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: transient electromagnetics ; electrical tomography ; thermal waters ; Chianciano Terme ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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