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  • Moored instrumentation  (6)
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Physical Oceanography
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (7)
  • Annual Reviews  (2)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1930-1934
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (7)
  • Annual Reviews  (2)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society
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  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
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    Role of carbon cycle observations and knowledge in carbon management (2005)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Environment and Resources 28 (2003): 521-558, doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163443.
    Description: Agriculture and industrial development have led to inadvertent changes in the natural carbon cycle. As a consequence, concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere and may lead to changes in climate. The current challenge facing society is to develop options for future management of the carbon cycle. A variety of approaches has been suggested: direct reduction of emissions, deliberate manipulation of the natural carbon cycle to enhance sequestration, and capture and isolation of carbon from fossil fuel use. Policy development to date has laid out some of the general principles to which carbon management should adhere. These are summarized as: how much carbon is stored, by what means, and for how long. To successfully manage carbon for climate purposes requires increased understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and improvement in the scientific capabilities available for measurement as well as for policy needs. The specific needs for scientific information to underpin carbon cycle management decisions are not yet broadly known. A stronger dialogue between decision makers and scientists must be developed to foster improved application of scientific knowledge to decisions. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the carbon cycle, carbon measurement capabilities (with an emphasis on the continental scale) and the relevance of carbon cycle science to carbon sequestration goals.
    Description: The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation.
    Keywords: Carbon sequestration ; Measurement techniques ; Climate ; Kyoto protocol
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 406392 bytes
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  • 2
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    Design study for a moored surface-scanning sonar (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This report contains the results of a design study for a surface scanning sonar instrument capable of long-term deployment on ocean moorings. The instrument is intended to sample the bubble field just below the ocean's surface and compute the backscattered intensity and Doppler velocity in small unit volumes. The principal motivation for the development of such an instrument is to enhance the study of upper ocean processes by utilizing the ability of the sonar to detect surface waves and Langmuir circulation. Important design parameters for the instrument are investigated and a detailed design proposed. Key technical issues such as the trade-offs among spatial resolution, temporal resolution, velocity precision, total range, and power are discussed. The azimuthal motion of the instrument on a mooring is considered as a potential problem, and possible solutions are discussed. Matlab functions used for the investigations are included in an appendix.
    Description: Funding was provided by a grant from the Webster Foundation to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Doppler sonar ; Surface scanning ; Moored instrumentation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 1967415 bytes
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  • 3
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    Long nonlinear internal waves (2006)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 38 (2006): 395-425, doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092129.
    Description: Over the past four decades, the combination of in situ and remote sensing observations has demonstrated that long nonlinear internal solitary-like waves are ubiquitous features of coastal oceans. The following provides an overview of the properties of steady internal solitary waves and the transient processes of wave generation and evolution, primarily from the point of view of weakly nonlinear theory, of which the Korteweg-de Vries equation is the most frequently used example. However, the oceanographically important processes of wave instability and breaking, generally inaccessible with these models, are also discussed. Furthermore, observations often show strongly nonlinear waves whose properties can only be explained with fully nonlinear models.
    Description: KRH acknowledges support from NSF and ONR and an Independent Study Award from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. WKM acknowledges support from NSF and ONR, which has made his work in this area possible, in close collaboration with former graduate students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and MIT.
    Keywords: Solitary waves ; Nonlinear waves ; Stratified flow ; Physical Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : NTAS-1 mooring deployment cruise report (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: A surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurement was deployed near 14°50'N, 51°00'W in the northwest tropical Atlantic on 30 March 2001. This was the initial deployment of the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) project for air–sea flux measurement. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. The deployment was done on R/V Oceanus Cruise 365, Leg 5 by the Upper Ocean Processes Group (UOP) of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The 3-meter discus buoy was outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 120 m of the mooring line was outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature and velocity. This report describes the initial deployment of the NTAS mooring (NTAS-1), including some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations and post cruise data comparisons.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR) under Grant No. NA87RJ0445.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Tropical Atlantic ; Moored instrumentation ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC365
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
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    The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : NTAS-4 mooring turnaround cruise report (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. Deployment of the first (NTAS-1), second (NTAS-2) and third (NTAS-3) moorings were documented in previous reports (Plueddemann et al., 2001; 2002; 2003). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-3 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-4 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used 3-meter discus buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 150 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done on the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-04-01, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 12 and 25 February 2004. The NTAS-3 buoy was found adrift and recovered on 19 February at 14°53.7’N, 51°22.8’W. Deployment of the NTAS-4 mooring was on 21 February at approximately 14°44.4’N, 50°56.0’W in 5038 m of water. A 30-hour intercomparison period followed, after which dragging operations to recover the lower portion of the NTAS-3 mooring commenced. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR).
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Tropical Atlantic ; Moored instrumentation ; Ronald H. Brown (Ship) Cruise RB04-01
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
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    WHOI Hawaii Ocean Timeseries Station (WHOTS) : WHOTS-2 mooring turnaround cruise report (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) Site (WHOTS), 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii, is intended to provide long-term, high-quality air-sea fluxes as a coordinated part of the HOT program and contribute to the goals of observing heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes at a site representative of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. This report documents recovery of the WHOTS-1 mooring, deployed in August 2004 near 22.75°N, 158°W, and deployment of the WHOTS-2 mooring at the same site. Both moorings were outfitted with Air-Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems to measure, record, and transmit the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air-sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. In cooperation with R. Lukas of the University of Hawaii, the upper 155 m of the moorings were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, conductivity and velocity. The WHOTS mooring turnaround was done on the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ship Melville, Cruise TUIM-10MV. The cruise took place between 23 and 30 July 2005.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR).
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Tropical Atlantic ; Moored instrumentation ; Melville (Ship) Cruise TUIM-10MV
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Hydrodynamic baseline measurements in New Bedford Harbor (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Thls report includes a compilation of hydrodynamic data obtained in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts (Figue 1-1), for the purpose of providing baseline information for the selection of an outfall site for a seondary sewage treatment plant for the city of New Bedford. The observations were conducted by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, commencing in August, 1987 and continuing though March, 1988. They included moored and shipboard measurements of fluid velocity, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. The measurement program was designated as the "New Bedford Circulation Study", or NBCS. The study indicates that there are a variety of mechanisms responsible for the transport and exchange of water-masses, of which tidal currents are the most energetic, but wind-driven flows are likely the most effective at renewing the water within the Harbor. Estimates of residence times indicate minimum residence times of less than 2 days during periods of strong winds, and maximum residence times of 4 days or more in periods of weak to moderate south winds. Vertical stratificaton is weak in the winter and moderate in the summer, and it has a notable influence on vertical mixing and on the magnitude of shear currents.
    Description: Funding was provided by Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc. under agreement effective 24 August 1987.
    Keywords: New Bedford Harbor ; Hydrodynamics ; Physical Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : NTAS-2 mooring turnaround cruise report (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. Deployment of the first NTAS mooring (NTAS-1) at 14°50′ N, 51°00′ W on 30 March 2001 was documented in a previous report (Plueddemann et al., 2001). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-1 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-2 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used 3-meter discus buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 120 m of the NTAS-1 mooring line, and the upper 150 m of the NTAS-2 mooring line, were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done on the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-02-02, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 2 and 8 March 2002. A SeaBeam bathymetry survey of the site was done first, followed by deployment of the NTAS-2 mooring on 4 March at approximately 14°44.3′ N, 50°56.8′ W in 5043 m of water. A 24-hour intercomparison period followed, after which the NTAS-1 mooring was recovered. This report describes these operations, as well as some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR) under Grant No. NA17RJ1223.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Tropical Atlantic ; Moored instrumentation ; Ronald H. Brown (Ship) Cruise RB02-02
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : NTAS-3 mooring turnaround cruise report (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. Deployment of the first (NTAS-1) and second (NTAS-2) moorings were documented in previous reports (Plueddemann et al., 2001, 2002). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-2 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-3 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used 3-meter discus buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 150 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done on the WHOI R/V Oceanus, Cruise OC-385-5, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 12 and 23 February 2003. Deployment of the NTAS-3 mooring was on 15 February at approximately 14°49.5¢ N, 51°01.3¢ W in 4977 m of water. A 24- hour intercomparison period followed, after which the NTAS-2 mooring was recovered. This report describes these operations, as well as some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant Number NA17RJ1223.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Tropical Atlantic ; Moored instrumentation ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC385-5 ; OC385-5
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 37946991 bytes
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