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  • pharmacokinetics  (760)
  • Salinity
  • Springer  (803)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (2)
  • American Meteorological Society  (1)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2005-2009  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (612)
  • 1975-1979  (191)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Das Rückstandsverhalten von Chloramphenicol nach intramuskulärer Applikation beim Schwein (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 24 (1985), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Chloramphenicol ; pharmacokinetics ; residue ; pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Residues of Chloramphenicol (CAP) were examined in 24 pigs after intramuscular injection of 30 mg CAP/kg body weight. Two pigs were slaughtered after 3, 6, 12,18, 24, 36 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 and 30 days, respectively. CAP-concentrations were determined in muscle, blood, urine, liver, kidney, bile, and fat. Methods used were gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Detection limits reached were 1−5 ppb. The concentration-time curves obtained reflected a long elimination phase and allowed only calculation of this half-life. Elimination half-life was estimated to be for muscle, blood and urine 160–170 hours, for kidney 310 and for bile 250 hours. Significant correlations were found to exist between CAP-concentrations in plasma and muscle. It appears that blood would be a good body fluid for monitoring CAP-residues in tissue.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung des Rückstandsverhaltens von Chloramphenicol (CAP) wurden 24 Mastschweine, 24–28 Wochen alt, intramuskulär mit 30 mg CAP/kg Körpergewicht behandelt und je 2 Tiere nach 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 Stunden, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 und 30 Tagen geschlachtet. Die CAP-Gehalte in Muskulatur, Blut, Urin, Leber, Niere, Galle und Fett wurden gaschromatographisch und radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze beider Methoden liegt in Abhängigkeit von der Matrix zwischen 1 und 5 ppb. Die erhaltenen Kinetiken weisen eine terminale Elimination auf, deren Halbwertszeiten für Muskulatur, Blut und Urin ca. 160–170 Stunden, für Niere 310 Stunden und für Galle 250 Stunden betragen. Die CAP-Konzentration in Muskulatur und Blut weisen eine signifikante, lineare Korrelation auf. Blutuntersuchungen könnten deshalb als Screening-Methode bei umfangreichen Rückstandskontrollen eingesetzt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020458
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The lymphatic route. 1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 432-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Interferon ; immunomodulator ; catabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; administration routes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When human recombinant interferon-α2 diluted in saline was injected s.c. into rabbits, the total amount recovered in thoracic lymph was less than 0.4%. Recoveries increased from 2- to 8-fold if interferon was injected in 4% albumin or with hyaluronidase, respectively. Albumin added to interferon acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thus favoring interferon absorption through lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. This strategy may increase the therapeutic index of interferon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118644
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A portable instrument for the measurement of salinity of rainwater using FET's (1985)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 344-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Schlagwort(e): Salinity ; Measuring element ; FET differential amplifier
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A portable salinity meter with field effect transistors for the continuous recording of salinity of rainwater is described. The variations in salinity are converted into current variations by using a D.C. differential amplifier and is recorded on an Esterline Angus Recorder. The Meter enables us to measure rainfall intensity as well as salinity simultaneously. The chief advantages of the present instrument are that it is portable and has a range of measurement from 1×10−4 to 1×10−1 ppm on a linear scale.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877028
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response to long- and short-term salinity in populations of the C4 nonhalophyte Andropogon glomeratus Walter B.S.P. (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Ahdropogon glomeratus ; Genetic differentiation ; Growth response ; Salinity ; Stress tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This research was undertaken to investigate differences in salt tolerance under conditions in which salinity is increased gradually and maintained for long periods or increased rapidly and maintained for shorter periods. The responses of populations of a C4 nonhalophytic grass, Andropogon glomeratus, to long- and short-term salinity were measured under controlled environment conditions. Additionally, plants from a salt marsh population and an inland population were transplanted into a salt marsh and their survival compared. The relative growth reductions in the salt marsh and the inland populations under long-term salinity were similar. Survival of seedlings of 4 populations inundated with full-strength seawater over a relatively short period indicated differential capacities to tolerate soil salinities imposed in a manner similar to tidal inundation in a salt marsh. The greater survival of plants from the marsh population transplanted into the salt marsh further indicated genetic differentiation between the populations. These results indicate that genetic differentiation to salt tolerance in A. glomeratus is better reflected by survival after shortterm salinity events, rather than growth inhibition due to long-term salinity imposed gradually.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378816
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological responses in two populations of Andropogon glomeratus Walter B.S.P. to short-term salinity (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Andropogon glomeratus ; A-Ci curves ; Osmotic adjustment ; Photosynthesis ; Salinity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Andropogon glomeratus is a C4 nonhalophytic grass which exhibits population differentiation for tolerance to short-term salinity exposure. To investigate possible physiological mechanisms whch enable salt-tolerant individuals to survive short-term inundation, gas exchange and water relations parameters were measured before and during a 5-day watering treatment of half-strength synthetic seawater in plants from a tolerant and a non-tolerant population. Photosynthetic recovery was followed for 10 days after the salinity treatment. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake was substantially inhibited in both populations. Stomatal conductances decreased and intercellular CO2 concentrations increased, indicating non-stomatal factors were primarily responsible for the decrease in CO2 uptake. After termination of the salinity treatment photosynthetic capacity increased more rapidly in the tolerant population and reached the pretreatment level after 6 days, whereas the nontolerant population did not recover fully after 10 days. A-Ci curves measured before and after the salinity treatment indicated a decrease in the carboxylation efficiency, and suggested a proportionately greater metabolic inhibition relative to the increase in the stomatal limitation. Osmotic adjustment occurred in a 2-day period in the tolerant population, but there was no change in the osmotic potentials or the water potential at the point of turgor loss in the nontolerant population. Thus short-term salt tolerance in the marsh population is associated with rapid osmotic adjustment and recovcry of photosynthetic capacity shortly after the end of the salinity exposure, rather than maintenance of greater photosynthesis during the salinity treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378817
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal changes of ionic concentrations in the vacuolar sap of Chara vulgaris L. growing in a brackish water lake (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 122-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Chara vulgaris ; Ionic concentrations ; Salinity ; Osmotic potential ; Reproduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The composition of the vacuolar sap of Chara vulgaris growing in a brackish water lake was estimated weekly over 2 years (1984–1985). The ionic concentrations of the main cations Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and the anion Cl- varied depending on cell age, developmental state, and season. The average of all measurements (in mM) was Na+: 35, K+: 106, Ca2+: 7, Mg2+: 23, Cl-: 101, SO 2- 4 : 20, and PO 3- 4 : 5. At the onset of growth in May/June the ionic content was lower compared to the mean value for the year, steadily increasing until it reached its maximum above the annual mean in winter. During the period of fructification (sexual reproduction: formation of antheridia and oogonia), when up to 100 mM sucrose was accumulated in the vacuolar sap, ionic content was lowest. This resulted in a fairly constant osmotic potential throughout the year. Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations were correlated with the physiological age of the cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377355
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of salbutamol in healthy adult volunteers (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): salbutamol ; albuterol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Salbutamol was administered to sixteen healthy male volunteers intravenously and by mouth in liquid, tablet, and capsule form using a Latin-Squares design. Pharmacokinetic parameters from intravenous data were similar to previously reported values obtained with oral administration, with a mean terminal half-life of 3.8 h and a mean clearance of 439 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2. Peak plasma concentrations of 10–20 ng·ml−1 were obtained 1–3 h following oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of each of the oral preparations was 44%. While statistically significant differences in lag time and time to peak concentration were noted among the various oral preparations, the drug is rapidly absorbed in all three dosage forms and the observed differences are unlikely to be of clinical significance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456001
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in young, healthy and elderly, acutely ill males (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ceftazidime ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly patients ; young volunteers ; acute infection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated after single and multiple i.v. doses in 9 young healthy male volunteers and 15 elderly male patients with acute bacterial infections. All subjects had normal, age-correlated glomerular function. Distribution and elimination in young volunteers were unaffected by posture and were similar to what has been reported earlier. In contrast, elderly patients had longer t1/2β (3.1 vs 1.9 h), larger AUC (414.0 vs 276.6 h·mg/l), lower total and renal clearances, reduced urinary recovery over 12 h and enlarged Vss. Total serum clearance of ceftazidime was closely correlated with the51Cr-EDTA clearance. There was no significant change in51Cr-EDTA clearance after seven days of treatment. A reduction in the dose of betalactam antibiotics eliminated by the kidney is advisable in elderly patients with an acute bacterial infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614556
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of di-n-propylacetate in epileptic patients (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Di-n-propylacetate ; 2-propyl-valeric acid sodium salt ; pharmacokinetics ; anti-epileptic ; drug monitoring ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of the anti-epileptic drug di-n-propylacetate (DepakineR) have been studied in 7 patients, in whom plasma concentrations were determined during and following subchronic treatment. Elimination of the drug appeared to follow a monophasic exponential course; biological half lives were 8 to 15 hours. The data supported the assumption that an open one-compartment model can be used to describe the kinetics of dipropylacetate in man. The drug appeared to have a relatively restricted distribution: calculated relative distribution volumes ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 1/kg. There were large interindividual differences in clearance rate. The therapeutic range was considered to be between 50 and 100 mg/1 plasma. Plasma levels of phenobarbital were markedly raised during treatment with dipropylacetate for an unknown reason. Determination of the plasma concentrations of drugs at accurately fixed times appears to be a reliable method for pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of epileptic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561557
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Concentrations of the vasodilator isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in the blood of human subjects (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Isosorbide dinitrate ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; pharmacological action ; nitrates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An oral dose of 5 mg of14C-isosorbide dinitrate was rapidly absorbed, biotransformed and excreted by human subjects. Peak whole blood concentrations of radioactivity were reached after 1.5 to 2 hours and declined relatively slowly. The radioactivity in whole blood mainly represented metabolites, isosorbide mononitrates. The peak concentrations found were 4.5, 11.7 and 34.3 ng/ml of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 2-mononitrate and isosorbide 5-mononitrate, respectively, in the blood of one subject and 5.9, 15 and 61.3 ng/ml, respectively, in the blood of another subject. However, concentrations of the metabolites declined relatively slowly during 6 h after the oral dose. Up to 99% of an oral dose of isosorbide dinitrate was excreted during 5 days, mainly in the urine of the first day (ca. 78%). The results showed that isosorbide mononitrates were available to contribute to the pharmacological action.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567108
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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