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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques  (4)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability  (3)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
  • Agu  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society  (3)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Aegean Sea Water Masses during the Early Stages of the Eastern Mediterranean Climatic Transient (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The Aegean water masses and circulation structure are studied via two large-scale surveys performed during the late winters of 1988 and 1990 by the R/V Yakov Gakkel of the former Soviet Union. The analysis of these data sheds light on the mechanisms of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea that triggered the outflow of Cretan Deep Water (CDW) from the Cretan Sea into the abyssal basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Eastern Mediterranean Transient). It is found that the central Aegean Basin is the site of the formation of Aegean Intermediate Water, which slides southward and, depending on their density, renews either the intermediate or the deep water of the Cretan Sea. During the winter of 1988, the Cretan Sea waters were renewed mainly at intermediate levels, while during the winter of 1990 it was mainly the volume of CDW that increased. This Aegean water mass redistribution and formation process in 1990 differed from that in 1988 in two major aspects: (i) during the winter of 1990 the position of the front between the Black Sea Water and the Levantine Surface Water was displaced farther north than during the winter of 1988 and (ii) heavier waters were formed in 1990 as a result of enhanced lateral advection of salty Levantine Surface Water that enriched the intermediate waters with salt. In 1990 the 29.2 isopycnal rose to the surface of the central basin and a large volume of CDW filled the Cretan Basin. It is found that, already in 1988, the 29.2 isopycnal surface, which we assume is the lowest density of the CDW, was shallower than the Kassos Strait sill and thus CDW egressed into the Eastern Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1841-1859
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Aegean Sea ; Water Masses ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Impact of the Minoan tsunami of Santorini. Simulated scenarios in the Eastern Mediterranean (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have simulated the impact of the tsunami generated by the Late Bronze Age (LBA) volcanic eruption of Santorini on the Eastern Mediterranean. Two different tsunami triggering mechanisms were considered: a caldera collapse and pyroclastic flows/surges entering the sea. Simulations include the ‘‘worst’’ input conditions in order to evaluate the maximum possible impacts, but also ‘‘lighter’’ input conditions, compatible with the lack of any tsunami trace on the Northern coasts of Crete. In all the simulations, tsunami propagation is mainly confined to the Southern Aegean. Outside the Aegean, the tsunami impact was negligible and not responsible for the slide-slumping of fine-grained pelagic and/or hemipelagic sediments considered the sources of the sporadically located seadeposits in the Ionian Sea and of the widespread megaturbidite deposits localized in the Ionian and Sirte Abyssal Plains.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18607
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Minoan tsunami ; Santorini ; eastern Mediterranean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Effects of NAO variability on the North Atlantic Ocean circulation (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The ocean response to an idealised North Atlantic Oscillation-like wind stress is evaluated as a function of the atmospheric forcing frequency. In order to elucidate the relationship between internal and forced variability, the NAO is modulated with two specific timescales, 10 and 50 years, which characterise the spectrum of the system’s internal variability. Different timescales of atmospheric variability select distinct sea surface temperature (SST) and large scale circulation patterns. Under a 50 year NAO forcing period, a lagged SST response is excited in the Gulf Stream extension region, which is consistent with the spinup of the gyre circulation. The thermohaline circulation varies in phase with the NAO and shows a strong sensitivity to the forcing frequency: a dipole mode of the overturning is excited by a 10 year modulation of the NAO, while an enhanced overturning response emerges under a 50 year NAO. With low enough lateral mixing the ocean exhibits an irregular response to a regular NAO-like forcing.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02612
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NAO ; Ocean circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Using Temperature–Salinity Relations in a Global Ocean Implementation of a Multivariate Data Assimilation Scheme (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Best-fit results from application of a thermo-rheological model for channelized lava flow to high spatial resolution morphological data (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The FLOWGO thermo-rheological model links heat loss, core cooling, crystallization, rheology and flow dynamics for lava flowing in a channel. We fit this model to laser altimeter (LIDAR) derived channel width data, as well as effusion rate and flow velocity measurements, to produce a best-fit prediction of thermal and rheological conditions for lava flowing in a ~1.6 km long channel active on Mt. Etna (Italy) on 16th September 2004. Using, as a starting condition for the model, the mean channel width over the first 100 m (6 m) and a depth of 1 m we obtain an initial velocity and instantaneous effusion rate of 0.3-0.6 m/s and ~3 m3/s, respectively. This compares with field- and LIDAR-derived values of 0.4 m/s and 1-4 m3/s. The best-fit between model-output and LIDIR-measured channel widths comes from a hybrid run in which the proximal section of the channel is characterised by poorly insulated flow and the medial-distal section by well-insulated flow. This best-fit model implies that flow conditions evolve down-channel, where hot crusts on a free flowing channel maximise heat losses across the proximal section, whereas thick, stable, mature crusts of 'a'a clinker reduce heat losses across the medial-distal section. This results in core cooling per unit distance that decreases from ~0.02-0.015 °C m-1 across the proximal section, to ~0.005 °C m-1 across the medial-distal section. This produces an increase in core viscosity from ~3800 Pa s at the vent to ~8000 Pa s across the distal section.
    Description: In press
    Description: open
    Keywords: lava flow ; thermo-rheological ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Lava flow identification and ageing by means of LiDAR intensity: the Mt. Etna case (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An application of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) intensity for the identification and mapping of different lava flows from the Mt. Etna (Italy) active volcano is described. In September 2004 an airborne LiDAR survey was flown over summit sectors of Mt. Etna. The information derived from LiDAR intensity values was used to compare the lava flows with respect to their age of emplacement. Analysed lava flows vary in age between those dating prior to AD 1610 and those active during the survey (2004-2005 eruptions). The target-emitter distance, as well as surface roughness and texture at the LiDAR footprint scale, are the main parameter controlling the intensity response of lava flows. Variations in the roughness and texture of surfaces at a meter scale result from two main processes, initial lava cooling and subsequent surface weathering; both lead to variations in the original surface roughness of the flow. In summary: i) initially, from the time of emplacement, the LiDAR intensity of lava flow surfaces decreases; ii) about 6 years after emplacement the LiDAR intensity of lava surfaces starts to increase with the age of flows. LiDAR capability in terms of geometric (accuracy of ~ 1 m in plan position and less than 1 m in elevation) and spectral (LiDAR intensity depends on surface reflection at λ= 1.064 μm) information can thus be effectively used to map lava flows and define a relative chronology of lava emplacement.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Lava flow ; LiDAR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Tracking magma dynamics by Laser Ablation (LA)-ICPMS trace element analysis of glass in volcanic ash: the 1995 activity of Mt. Etna (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Glass fragments in tephra erupted at Mt. Etna from May to December 1995 have been analyzed by laser ablation ICPMS. The trace element compositional variability of ashes deposited during this interval reveals the presence of discrete magma batches with different crystallization degrees in the shallow plumbing system. From May to October a highly crystalline magma is predominant within the conduit with only minor sporadic input of fresh and more primitive magma batches. After October new and less evolved magma batches become more prevalent and become progressively homogenized within more evolved resident magma. In December ashes closely match the chemistry of the volcanics subsequently erupted till February 1996. This study demonstrates that the trace element characterization of ashes has important implications for volcanic monitoring and is a useful tool for the forecasting of paroxysmal events at Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magma ; 1995 ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic: A Multi-Model-Ensemble Study (2007)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ensemble experiments are performed with five coupled atmosphere–ocean models to investigate the potential for initial-value climate forecasts on interannual to decadal time scales. Experiments are started from similar model-generated initial states, and common diagnostics of predictability are used. We find that variations in the ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, a more consistent picture of the surface temperature impact of decadal variations in the MOC is now apparent, and variations of surface air temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean are also potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, albeit with potential skill levels that are less than those seen for MOC variations. This intercomparison represents a step forward in assessing the robustness of model estimates of potential skill and is a prerequisite for the development of any operational forecasting system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1195-1203
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Decadal Climate ; North Atlantic ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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