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  • Articles  (31,126)
  • Elsevier  (31,000)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
  • 2005-2009  (17,152)
  • 2000-2004  (11,209)
  • 1970-1974  (2,765)
  • Geography  (31,093)
  • Sociology  (2,782)
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  • Articles  (31,126)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge, Market Structure, and Economic Coordination: Dynamics of Industrial Districts (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The industrial rise of the Third Italy has been characterized by the growth of dynamic networks of flexible small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) that are spatially concentrated in specialized industrial districts. This network type of coordination has been associated with horizontal, trust–based relations rather than vertical relations of power and dependency between local organizations. This would lower transaction costs (essential for local systems with an extreme division of labor), facilitate the transmission and exchange of (tacit) knowledge (and thus, learning and innovation), encourage cooperation mechanisms (such as the establishment of research centers), and stimulate political–institutional performance (e.g. through regulation of potential social conflicts).From an evolutionary perspective, the focus is on the dynamics of industrial districts drawing from current experiences in Italy. In this respect, this paper concentrates on two main features of industrial districts that have largely contributed to their economic success in the past, that is, their network organization and the collective learning process. The evolution of industrial districts is described in terms of organizational adjustments to structural change. The way in which the size distribution of firms has changed is discussed (in particular the role of large companies), how the (power) relationships between local organizations have evolved, what are the current sources and mechanisms of learning, and to what extent institutional lock–in has set in. Finally, a number of trajectories districts may go through in the near future are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00192
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How States Augment the Capabilities of Technology–Pioneering Firms (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State governments offer a variety of programs to assist technology intensive entrepreneurial firms yet there is a limited understanding of how firms use these programs. This paper provides a framework for categorizing state technology programs and uses detailed case studies to examine how these programs augment firms’ capabilities. It is concluded that firms made extensive use of state programs that provide access to university intellectual property and research facilities. In addition, firms participated in programs that provided incentives for faculty to conduct joint research with industry. Finally, state venture capital programs, though small relative to federal R&D grants or venture capital, appear to nurture firms’ development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00186
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Structure, Industrialization and Rural Development: An Evolutionary Interpretation of the Italian Experience (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes an evolutionary reading of rural development referred to cases of rapid industrial growth, where a strong concentration process has involved the main urban centers and the successful industrial districts. This territorial development pattern has gradually extinguished rural society and its institutional basis, creating a clear separation between new central and peripheral areas. The consequent effects on local economy and social dynamics reveal the long-term risks raised in terms of development sustainability. An empirical study of two Italian provinces is also carried out to show how this framework can be helpful in interpreting real historical patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00178
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Regional Disparities in Mexico (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: After a long period of industrialization based on import substitution (ISI), Mexico started to open up its economy by accessing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986. The export-promotion strategy was transformed into one of regional integration with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The paper explores the impact of the opening of the economy on regional disparities in Mexico using σ and β-convergence analyses. Four different samples have been employed to control for possible data bias linked to the inclusion of oil-producing and maquiladora-based states. The results show that whereas the final stages of the ISI period were dominated by convergence trends, trade liberalization (GATT) and economic integration (NAFTA) have led to divergence. In particular, the NAFTA period is related to divergence regardless of the type of analysis chosen and the sample used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00180
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Returning and New Montana Migrants: Socio-economic and Motivational Differences [This paper] (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines return migrants and new migrants to Montana: Who are they? Why do they move? Do return migrants move for different reasons than new migrants? Data from the 1994–1997 Montana Poll, a representative survey of Montana households, are used. A comparison of socio-economic differences of return and new migrants shows that the two migrant types are very similar in terms of education, income, and age. This stands in contrast to the findings of others who maintain that return migrants are negatively selected with respect to education. Logistic regressions were employed to identify the effect of age and place ties on reasons for moving. Return migrants and new migrants move to Montana for very similar reasons, with family being the most important primary reason for moving. Moving for lifestyle reasons, such as environmental quality and urban amenities, were found to systematically change with age. This could explain why people return to a place they left earlier in life. While other research on return migration compared return migrants and other migrants who left the same place of origin, this paper offers a comparison of return migrants and other migrants who seek out the same destination. Results from the Montana Poll suggest that the same destination attracts return migrants and new migrants with similar socio-economic characteristics who move there for very similar reasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00283.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Variations of Firm Births, Deaths and Growth Patterns in the UK, 1980–1991 (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: One of the debates around new firm formation across sub-national territories focuses on whether regional differences in industrial structure are more important influences than regional differences in individual industry performance. The present research, using Value Added Tax (VAT) registration data, attempts to make a contribution to this debate in the United Kingdom (UK) context using a shift-share covariance model. Firm de-registrations and, as a consequence, net changes in firm stocks are also analyzed with similar questions in mind. The findings show that although the effects of industrial mix are significant across most regions, in several key regional contexts the industrial competitive effect dominates. The issue of the role of regional industrial concentration forms a second major theme of this paper. This basically involves a questioning as to whether concentration is a positive or negative force for new firm formation. The results of this research indicate that industrial concentration, measured through localization, is more important for firm deaths than for firm births (although significant for both), but not particularly relevant to the understanding of the net outcome of entry and exit processes. In the UK, regions with higher levels of industry concentration seem to be associated overall with relatively lower levels of both firm births and deaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00154
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unemployment Duration in Non-Metropolitan Labor Markets (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Non-metropolitan areas of the U.S have experienced significant structural economic changes in recent decades. These changes have raised concerns that some non-metropolitan workers may face significant costs to employment displacements associated with economic adjustments. This paper explores the roles that linkages to metropolitan labor markets, area labor market conditions, and individual attributes play in determining the rates of exit from unemployment to employment among non-metropolitan area residents. Adjacency to a metropolitan area is found to significantly increase transition rates from unemployment to employment among displaced non-metropolitan workers, but local economic conditions are found to have relatively weak or insignificant effects on transition rates. Also, lack of post-high school education and minority status both significantly reduce rates of exit from unemployment in non-metropolitan areas following employmentdisplacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00155
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Globalization and Restructuring during Downturns: A Case Study of California (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Restructuring through foreign outsourcing, whereby greater imports of manufactured inputs substitute for blue-collar labor, is shown to intensify when industries experience declines in sales. The magnitude of this effect was four to seven times greater in California industries experiencing a 20 percent sales decline from 1987-1992, relative to those industries whose sales dropped by 5 percent. Foreign outsourcing explains a quarter to two-fifths of the rise in payroll inequality between blue and white collar workers in California and perhaps five to ten percent of the rise in the remainder of the U.S. Past work linked growing inequality with foreign outsourcing and restructuring with economic downturns. Here, foreign outsourcing is used as an example of a particular efficiency augmenting measure, which occurs predominantly, though not exclusively, in troubled industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00157
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restructuring Appalachian Manufacturing in 1963–1992: The Role of Branch Plants (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper uses the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD),a unique, detailed, plant-level database that covers the entire U.S. manufacturing sector in five-year intervals to examine how the manufacturing sector in Appalachia has evolved over the past thirty years (from 1963 to 1992). The research focuses on three questions:1) Is the Appalachian Region attracting new manufacturing plants at the same rate as the rest of the country? 2) Does Appalachian manufacturing employment exhibit low wage, low productivity characteristics, compared with the rest of the country? 3) Is Appalachia still heavily reliant on branch plants? The results show the manufacturing base of Appalachia in 1992 looks very much the same as it did in 1967. Compared to the rest of the country, Appalachian manufacturing is still more reliant on branch plants and is characterized by lower wage and lower productivity establishments. This result is not due to a lack of entry—manufacturing plant entry rates and manufacturing job formation associated with entrants in Appalachia are only slightly lower than for the U.S. as a whole. Job destruction rates caused by exits are actually lower than in the U.S. as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00160
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Differences in the Competitive Characteristics of U.S. Machine Tool Companies (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The U.S. machine tool (MT) sector has undergone substantial restructuring over the past three decades. Despite signs of a commercial rebound in recent years, however, a number of critical issues remain for this industry. Not all firms share these concerns, in that differences exist between producers located in the core manufacturing belt and those located elsewhere. This paper examines the characteristics, competitive problems, and markets of firms located in these two regions. Survey data from a sample of 104 machine tool companies reveal that significant core–periphery differences exist with regard to firm–specific difficulties and markets served. The data also show that firms in the periphery have been growing significantly faster than firms in the core. The paper concludes with a discussion of the likely reasons for regional variability in the characteristics of firms in this industry. Directions for future research are also suggested, notably with regard to the interplay between national regulatory conditions and the competitive performance of MT firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00191
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Location and Suburbanization of Business and Professional Services in the Atlanta Area (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Despite an increase of 200,000 jobs in business and professional services in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 1982 and 1997, the central city saw employment as a percentage of these services drop by approximately 20 percent. Most growth occurred in the northern suburbs, resulting in a dispersed distribution of business and professional services in Atlanta. To understand the spatial distribution and suburbanization of business and professional services in Atlanta, regression analysis was carried out for 1982 and 1992. Flexible female workers, corporate headquarters, well –educated professionals, and highway access turned out to be important location determinants, with the latter two being increasingly responsible for the suburbanization of business and professional services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00194
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation and Sprawl: Evidence from Interregional Analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent years have witnessed widespread expansion of state and regional planning programs in the United States. A major purpose of these efforts is to reduce urban sprawl—low density, discontinuous, suburban–style development, often characterized as the result of rapid, unplanned, and/or uncoordinated growth— by promoting jurisdictional cooperation and regulatory consistency across metropolitan areas. This paper evaluates the efficacy of this approach by examining the relationship between governmental fragmentation and several measurable outcomes of urban development: density, urbanized land area, property value, and public expenditures on infrastructure. The four dimensions are modeled in a simultaneous equations framework, providing substantive evidence on how fragmentation and other exogenous factors affect metropolitan growth patterns. Fragmentation is associated with lower densities and higher property values, but has no direct effect on public service expenditures; less fragmented metropolitan areas occupy greater amounts of land due to the extensive annexation needed to bring new development under the control of a central municipality. The findings of the analysis lend support to state and regional planning efforts aimed at increasing cooperation among local governments, but also suggest that further research is needed in order to evaluate whether or not they produce their intended effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00193
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the Refugee Population from PUMS Data: Issues and Demographic Implications (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Discussions of immigration, settlement and adjustment within the U.S. do not typically refer to immigrant status (i.e., refugee versus family preference), and instead refer to the foreign–born population as an aggregate. Distinguishing between refugees and other immigrant arrivals likely means differences with respect to their geographic distribution and embodied human capital owing to differences associated with the reasons for immigration (forced versus voluntary), period of arrival, and immigration policy. The lack of differentiation by group within the existing literature is typically due to a shortfall of detailed information relating to admission status within publicly released data files. Yet concrete knowledge of differences by admission category is important in understanding overall patterns of settlement and adjustment within the foreign–born population. This paper therefore explores potential differences with respect to settlement and endowed human capital between immigrants and refugees. Identification of the major sources of refugees within Immigration and Naturalization Service data files allows the refugee population to be identified within the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), therefore increasing the range of variables and measures associated with the refugee population available to researchers, and points to the diversity of the refugee population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00195
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small–Scale Entrepreneurship and Access to Capital in Peripheral Locations: An Empirical Analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of a public assistance program for small–scale entrepreneurship in peripheral areas. Public assistance compensates for market inefficiencies where the decision rules of financial institutions discriminate against otherwise viable small firms in capital markets. Lending institutions perceive high risk in providing debt capital when little information is present. Using empirical data from Israel, the determinants of this risk are estimated and the role of location in creating this information asymmetry is stressed. These results empirically establish that (1) location matters in determining the risk profile of the firm, (2) locationally targeted programs can reduce the information asymmetries that make peripheral firms unattractive to lenders, and (3) these programs can also generate positive welfare effects. Finally, there is speculation on the potential role of ICT (information and communications technology) in increasing the visibility of small firms in remote locations and creating a more symmetrical flow of information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00187
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motivations and Performance Conditions for Ethnic Entrepreneurship (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular concept in a modern multi–cultural society. This paper seeks to offer an overview of the potential of ethnic entrepreneurship for solving inter alia the structural unemployment problems of ethnic groups in cities. There is a general lack of empirical evidence on this issue in the current literature. The present paper aims to fill this gap by addressing in particular the critical success conditions for ethnic entrepreneurs. The focus of the research is on variations in success across three ethnic groups in the Amsterdam area. By means of structured personal interviews with many ethnic entrepreneurs, a systematic qualitative data base was created. The paper sets out to identify empirically the driving forces for business success, such as education or the role of informal networks. The explanatory framework deployed for the identification of these qualitative success factors for distinct ethnic groups is based on a particular, recently developed artificial intelligence method, viz. rough set analysis. This multidimensional classification approach appears to be able to identify various important factors for the motivation and performance of ethnic enterprises. Two major findings emerge from this investigation: (i) performance conditions vary across ethnic groups, and (ii) informal networks are crucial for business success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00189
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Property Rights and Public Interests: A Wyoming Agricultural Lands Study (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Rocky Mountain states have experienced unprecedented growth as agricultural land is converted to residences. Preservation efforts meet with protest from private landholders claiming public efforts undermine private property rights. This paper explores the degree to which respondents think management of agricultural lands is a public versus a private matter. Data are from a Sublette County, Wyoming, mail survey. Results are relevant to many western counties having public lands and high growth rates. They suggest that landowners, wage earners, college graduates, and those who value the county’s rural community lifestyle support public management strategies. Well-established residents and those with economic reasons for living in the county support private management strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00181
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Changing Scale of Livestock Production in and around Corn Belt Metropolitan Areas, 1978–97 (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This research examines changes in four sectors of livestock production, pork, dairy, fed cattle, and beef cows, from 1978 to 1997 by county metropolitan character. Relative changes in the amount of production and the number of producers in a county as well as changes in the average scale of production are examined. The purpose is to identify whether structural differences have emerged between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Corn Belt counties as a result of industrialization in livestock production. The analysis identifies a divergence in the amount and scale of pork production in metro versus nonmetro regions from 1987 to 1997, coinciding with a period of substantial industrialization in that sector. Little divergence is identified in the scale of dairy, fed cattle, and beef cows operations during the same time period. The findings have implications for farmland preservation and agricultural viability in exurban regions of the Corn Belt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00182
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  • 18
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    Book Reviews (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis, by David R. Meyer. Globalization and Networked Societies: Urban-Regional Change in Pacific Asia, by Yue-man Yeung. Regional Cohesion and Competition in the Age of Globalization, edited by Hirotada Kohno, Peter Nijkamp and Jacques Poot. Employee Benefits and Labor Markets in Canada and the United States, edited by William T. Alpert and Stephen A. Woodbury. The Atlanta Paradox, edited by David L. Sjoquist. The Economics of Sports, edited by William S. Kern. Environmentally Sustainable Economic Development, by Asayehgn Desta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00159
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  • 19
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    Modern Entrepreneurship in a Changing Space–Economy (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00185
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  • 20
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Mona Domosh and Joni Seager, Putting Women in Place: Feminist Geographers Make Sense of the WorldGerald Hodge and Ira M. Robinson, Planning Canadian Regions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00190
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  • 21
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    The Role of Education in Self–Employment Success in Finland (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the effect of self–employed persons’ education on the success of their firms during the economic downturn and upturn of the 1990's. It is found that the business cycle affects the relative closure rates of firms run by self–employed with any level of education. Exit probability is lower for the highly educated during bust, but higher in boom. This is accounted for by two facts. First, running a small firm is argued to be a less attractive choice to wage work, particularly for the highly educated, due to lower earning prospects, less stable stream of earnings, and the cultural tradition of working in large corporations. Second, the highly educated faced a higher outside demand for their labor than did the less educated during economic upturn. Finally, it was found that regardless of the state of aggregate economy, firms run by the highly educated have higher growth probabilities than those run by less educated persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00188
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  • 22
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    Forging Ahead and Falling Behind: Changing Regional Inequalities in Post-reform China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This study analyzes the evolution of China’s regional inequalities during the reform period of 1978–1998 based on three geographical scales, both output and livelihood indicators of economic well-being and three measures of inequality. The results indicate that interprovincial and regional inequalities declined between 1978 and 1990, but have widened steadily since 1990. Urban-rural disparity diminished before 1984, then experienced a decade-long surge afterwards to peak in 1994 at a much higher level and since 1994, it has been declining again. The levels of regional inequalities in China appear to be sensitive to changes in government development strategies and regional policies. Differential growth of the provincial economies shaped by the coast-oriented and urban-biased development strategies as well as selective open-door policy implemented by the Chinese government after the reform is the key to understanding the wax and wane in China’s regional inequalities. This paper discusses the factors that account for the changing regional inequalities in post-reform China and argues that government policies are likely to continue to influence the future trajectories of inequality change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00179
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  • 23
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Char Miller, Fluid Arguments: Five Centuries of Western Water ConflictMichael Dear, (ed.) From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban TheoryMartin Dangerfield, Subregional Economic Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: The Political Economy of CEFTAKenneth Button and Roger Stough, Air Transport Networks: Theory and Policy Implications
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    Maquiladoras and U.S.-Bound Migration in Central Mexico (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Over the past one and a half decades, smaller cities and nonmetropolitan areas in Mexico have attracted manufacturing plants, led by the export manufacturing sector. Maquiladoras in particular are increasingly locating their plants in such places in the “deep interior” Mexico—outside of the border states. Using 1980 and 1990 Mexican census data for 19 growth centers and 27 high-emigration municipios (counties) in Central Mexico, this paper suggests that foreign-owned assembly (maquiladora) jobs decentralized significantly over the 1980s, locating closer to emigrant municipios. An examination of 17 emigrant municipios in the industrialized states of Jalisco and Guanajuato found that an emigrant municipio's accessibility to maquiladora jobs, and jobs indirectly related to maquiladora growth, was positively related to its overall employment growth, which was, in turn, negatively related to its U.S. migration rate over the decade. Although the migration reduction inherent in these relationships is relatively small, it could be accelerated by U.S. and Mexican policies giving incentives for more peripheral locations of export-oriented and other manufacturing.
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    The Impact of Tax Incentives: Do Initial Economic Conditions Matter? (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Do the returns to business tax incentives differ according to the initial economic conditions of the area providing tax relief? Past research studies have provided conflicting answers to this question. Bartik (1991) concluded that rates of return to business tax incentives are likely to be greater for less affluent areas than for wealthier areas offering equivalent incentives. In contrast, Fisher and Peters (1998) determined that tax incentives tend only to offset higher taxes on businesses located in low income areas. This study examines this issue using a unique data set that allows for a fresh look at this issue. We find that the returns to subsidized investment are greater in lower unemployment and higher income areas. This suggests that tax incentives reinforce pre-existing economic differences across areas.
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    The Effect of State Economic Development Incentives on Employment Growth of Establishments (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the effects of state economic development incentives on the growth of 366 Ohio manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments that launched major expansions between 1993 and 1995. Growth is measured as the actual employment change that occurred in these establishments and as the employment growth announced when expansions were launched. Empirical findings indicate that incentives have very little (or even a negative) effect on actual growth and they have a substantial positive effect on announced growth. Findings also suggest that establishments that received incentives overestimated their announced employment targets more than establishments that did not receive incentives.
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    Using Excise Taxes to Finance State Government: Do Neighboring State Taxation Policy and Cross-Border Markets Matter? (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper the excise tax policy of U.S. state governments is analyzed with special attention to how this policy is influenced by the level of excise taxation in neighboring states, “border-tax effects,” and the relative size of the market located across state boundaries. Using a panel data set, state policies towards the taxation of cigarettes, all alcoholic beverages, beer, distilled liquor, motor fuel, and insurance are investigated within the context of a vote-maximizing model of collective decision making. The role of the industry in that state whose goods and services are singled out for special taxation is also examined.
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    The Importance of the Distribution of Consumers in Horizontal Product Differentiation (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the importance of the distribution of consumers in Hotelling’s circle on the comparison between the optimal and the market equilibrium levels of diversity. It finds that when most consumers are located very close to the firms, the result of Salop—that the equilibrium number of firms is larger than the optimal one (surplus maximizing)—can be reversed.
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, and Meric S. Gertler (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic GeographyPeter Meusburger and Heike Jöns (eds.), Transformations in Hungary: Essays in Economy and SocietyAllen J. Scott (ed.), Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, PolicyJames O. Wheeler, Yuko Aoyama, and Barney Warf (eds.), Cities in the Telecommunications Age: The Fracturing of GeographiesBarry Bluestone and Mary Huff Stevenson, The Boston Renaissance: Race, Space, and Economic Change in an American Metropolis
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    Index to Volume 42 (2002) (2002)
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    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Spillover Effects of Welfare Reforms in State Labor Markets (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper estimates the effects of welfare reforms on a state’s employment and wage rates. Welfare reforms include: pushing welfare recipients into the labor force, financial incentives to recipients for working, wage subsidies to employers of recipients, and community service jobs for recipients. The effects of these policies are analyzed using a newly estimated model of state labor markets. Simulations show that jobs found by welfare reform participants cause sizable displacement effects for nonparticipants. Displacement effects of labor supply policies are highest when a state’s unemployment is high, whereas displacement effects of labor demand policies are highest when a state’s unemployment is low.
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    Agents of Eviction: The Squatter Control and Clearance Division of Hong Kong’s Housing Department (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: More is known about the policies that produce forced evictions and their consequences than about the agencies whose responsibility it is to conduct them. Understanding the nature of forced evictions requires greater comprehension of responsible agencies since the ways in which they implement policies may be a crucial intervening variable influencing the outcomes. In this paper, I use documentary and ethnographic research to describe the Squatter Control and Clearance Division of the Hong Kong Housing Department. Responsible both for evicting squatters and for controlling squatter areas that are permitted to remain for the time being, officers must respond to the conflicts and challenges of their twin, partially conflicting, mandates. Examination of changes in squatter control and clearance practices since 1954 is followed by a brief case study of the most recent squatter clearance that occurred in July 2001.
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    Referees for the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, October 2001 to September 2002 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    Problems of Artisanal Marine Fishermen in Ghana: The Way Ahead (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Marine fishing is an important traditional economic activity of the coastal communities in Ghana and contributes over 80 per cent of the total fish catch. The traditional sector accounts for over 75 per cent of the marine catch. The small-scale artisanal marine fishing communities, which contribute less than 30 per cent of the traditional sector landings, are generally characterised by low levels of production and, hence, low incomes, poor living conditions and chronic indebtedness. Based on field data on artisanal fishing communities in the Ahanta West and Gomoa districts, this paper summarises the chronic problems of artisanal fishermen that perpetuate their precarious existence in the coastal environment. Overcoming the problems of these increasingly marginalised and migrant communities calls for the provision of supplementary employment opportunities, improved social services and the formation of solidarity groups to enhance access to micro credit. These would require technical and management training as well as support services from government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
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    Competitive Adjustment and Advancement in Global Commodity Chains II: The Case of the Singapore Garment Industry (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This is the second part of a contribution to the debate on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation — through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs) — as a strategy for developing countries to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. In the first part, we analysed the experience of the East Asian apparel industry and addressed the issues of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. We developed an analytical framework at both the firm and industry levels, and subsequently identified alternative firm- and industry-level strategies and trajectories. The present paper deals with these issues in the context of the Singapore apparel industry. Based on extensive empirical research, we demonstrate that although the East Asian experience of upgrading and repositioning within the GCC is to some extent emulated in the case of the Singapore apparel industry, the outcomes have been less favourable in terms of the depth, extent and strength of these trajectories. The differing outcomes can be explained in terms of different (systemic) conditions in the Singapore business environment, including the agency of local players, the geography of sourcing networks, and the role of the state and prevailing business attitudes. Our conclusions merit continued attention in both research and policy circles on the development of capabilities at the firm level, and the role of local business and institutional environments in local industry development processes under globalisation.
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    Globalisation, Regionalisation and Local Voices: The Asian Development Bank and Rescaled Politics of Environment in the Mekong Region (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Globalisation is manifested in the Mekong Region both through processes and discourses that reflect the ideology of a borderless world allowing easy passage of capital and commodities, and through resistance to such processes in an increasingly transnationalised civil society movement. However, more immediately significant supranational integrative agendas take the form of regionalisation, a process that has received less attention but which raises analogous concerns of re-scaled governance. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been a catalysing force for regionalisation amidst a host of regional processes and initiatives; as such it has found itself the object of critique as an institution and through the specific projects it has supported that have impacted on local communities and ecosystems. Meanwhile, local and NGO voices associated with the emergence of a vibrant civil society in Thailand and nascent civil society responses in neighbouring countries have challenged claims on resources made in the name of national development and regional integration.This paper considers some key issues of re-scaling resource and environmental politics in the Mekong Region, and the extent to which challenges have been recast from national to regional development agendas. Politics of environment are shown to exist as a general rather than exceptional response to the region’s development direction, and it is suggested that equitable and sustainable development increasingly needs to address simultaneously the re-scaling and reconfigurations of power in both environmental politics and the “infrapolitics” of environment. The paper is illustrated with case studies of dams in Laos and Thailand.
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    Local Fiscal Strategy to Retain Heterogeneous Firms (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper is about the strategy of retaining unobservably heterogeneous firms attracted by unobservably valued outside alternatives. We prove that differentiating taxation and public good fiscal packages within one’s own locale dominates offering the same packages to all firms. We rationalize the full range of observed practice by considering more than one type of firm, more than one type of fiscal instrument, and all kinds of utility in alternative locations, under asymmetric information. Mobile agents can earn rents under some conditions, and immobile agents earn rents under others. Ways to minimize budgetary exposure in tax wars and effects on the composition of local economies are discussed.
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    Call for Applications (2002)
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    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    Rent-Commuting Cost Function Versus Rent-Distance Function (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a new way to present standard urban models graphically and a new rent function called the rent-commuting cost function. The rent-commuting cost function represents the relationship between rent and total commuting cost. At least theoretically, it is superior to the traditional rent-distance function in depicting and measuring stylized facts of the city because its gradient is independent of the functional form of the commuting cost function and falls as household income rises.
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    Books Received (2002)
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    Transport and Housing Security in the Klang Valley, Malaysia (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of “squatters”. A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested.
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    Book Reviews (2002)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Edvard Hviding and Tim Bayliss–Smith, Islands of Rainforest: Agroforestry, Logging and Eco–Tourism in Solomon IslandsUwen E. Ite, Global Thinking and Local Action: Agriculture, Tropical Forest Loss and Conservation in Southeast NigeriaAnthony Gar–On Yeh and Mee Kam Ng (eds.), Planning for a Better Urban Living Environment in AsiaYao Souchou (ed.), House of Glass: Culture, Modernity and the State in Southeast AsiaPeggy Teo, T.C. Chang and K.C. Ho (eds.), Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast AsiaPaul Harrison and Fred Pearce, AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment
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    Forced Evictions in Kenyan Cities (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Forced evictions are widespread in Kenyan cities and are, on the surface, caused by conflicts in land rights, non–payment of excessive land and house rents, and urban redevelopment. But, more fundamentally, evictions are due to factors embedded in the country’s political economy, in particular, the grossly inequitable land ownership structure which makes it difficult for the poor to access land and decent shelter. Evictions cause significant socioeconomic hardship to individuals, affecting cities and whole nations. To avoid evictions, I argue that Kenya must make its political economy more inclusive, implement land reform, domesticate its municipal planning and related by–laws, and create a proactive slum settlements policy. This paper is based on secondary data, largely drawn from the extensive coverage of urban evictions in recent decades in Kenya’s leading newspapers.
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    Evaluating the Characteristics of the Meander Belt Soils of the Niger Delta, Southeastern Nigeria (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The morphological, physical, chemical and pedological properties of eight pedons representative of the four physiographic units in the Meander Belt of the Niger Delta were studied. The soils were classified and the constraints to their agricultural and engineering uses evaluated. The soils were generally poorly drained, having an Aquic moisture regime, mottles and Fe and Mn concretions. They belong to the Entisol and Inceptisol USDA soil taxonomy orders. Soil textures were generally clayey, except for the pedons of the levee crest with sandy loam textures. Bulk density, particle density and total porosity were generally low. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus were also low. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation were high. Organic matter was low to moderate. Total elements of the clay were generally high. The soils have poor physical conditions. The high clay content, and the presence of 2:1 lattice clay minerals could account for the deterioration of the major east-west interstate road linking southeast and southwest Nigeria that passes through the area. Optimum use of the soils for agriculture would depend on good land evaluation and efficient soil water management.
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    Resource Struggles and the Politics of Place in North Lampung, Indonesia (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper considers the difficulties inherent in countering the negative effects of globalisation in Indonesia through an enhanced recognition of place-based cultural communities, which are seen to offer an alternative and more progressive path towards development. Focusing on the local history of resource struggles involving Javanese migrants and local people in North Lampung, the paper examines the ways that different groups of migrants and local Lampung people have dealt with changing resource control mechanisms in the context of the local transmigration (Translok) programme and large-scale agro-industrial development in the region. Whilst elites have been able to develop their personal wealth by capitalising on political and economic uncertainty, poor people from both groups have had to contend with conflict and increasing livelihood vulnerability that, if anything, has been intensified through the reassertion of place-based cultures of resource control. In challenging populist narratives of resistance to transmigration that pit migrants against “indigenous” local people, the paper identifies the class-related ambivalences towards development and structures of authority that cut across community and locality in the Translok zone
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    Referees for the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography October 2000-September 2001 (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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    Forced Evictions in Tropical Cities: An Introduction (2002)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    “Operation Pushback”: Sangh Parivar, State, Slums And Surreptitious Bangladeshis In New Delhi (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The remarkable ease with which the xenophobic tenor of the Hindu Right nationalist organizations or Sangh Parivar found favour with many privileged Indians in the early 1990s cannot be easily or comfortably discounted. Indeed, it even perniciously swayed a moderate secular central government led by the long dominant Congress Party. By mid–1992, when Sangh Parivar made the manifold dangers of the unsanctioned immigration by growing numbers of poverty–stricken Bangladeshi Muslim peasants their rallying cry, the lenient attitude of the Indian state towards these immigrants had hardened with astonishing rapidity. Unsettled by this sweeping tide of Hindu chauvinism, a hurriedly enforced “Action Plan” to locate and identify these undocumented immigrants was followed by brisk efforts under “Operation Pushback” to deport them from New Delhi — India’s capital city and locus of bureaucratic, political and financial power. Haphazard and sporadic in implementation, Operation Pushback, while unmasking partisan dispositions coursing through the Indian bureaucracy, also exemplified Congress’ belated attempts at redeeming its enervated standing. It is also worth noting that the highly circumscribed material realities of the Bangladeshi immigrants residing in Delhi’s numerous slums made them easy targets of these perverse politics, and that subsequent opposition, internally and from neighbouring Bangladesh, to the gratuitous brutality displayed towards the first groups of deportees contributed to the Operation’s abrupt truncation.
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    Call For Papers (2002)
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    Book Reviews (2002)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed:Maruja M.B. Asis, (ed.) The Philippines as Home: Settlers and Sojourners in the Country.Hans Gooszen, A Demographic History of the Indonesian Archipelago, 1880–1942.Karin Bras, Image-Building and Guiding on Lombok: The Social Construction of a Tourist Destination.K.S. Chon, (ed.) Tourism in Southeast Asia: A New Direction.
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    Competition and Knowledge in Javanese Rural Business (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The paper focuses on information flows and the need for change in cottage industries in rural Indonesia. The context for small-scale business entrepreneurs has changed dramatically during the last decade of economic liberalisation and crisis. Emerging market opportunities, as well as national and international competition, now challenge indigenous businesses in their different geographical settings, and new information is indispensable for survival and growth. The principal question in the paper is whether small-scale agribusiness entrepreneurs are able to identify and utilise existing knowledge for the purpose of improving their competitive strength. By using case studies taking an actor’s perspective, the empirical data give insight into the small entrepreneurs’ perceptions of their business environments and the hindrances to innovation. Theories on dual economies, path dependence and information asymmetry form the basis for analysing two cases of Javanese agribusiness. The paper concludes that a gap prevails between “traditional” and “modern” sectors of this society, and that cottage industries have much to gain from linking up with external agencies. Regional universities may play a crucial role in enhancing information flows and disseminating competence.
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    Effects of Urbanisation on Channel Morphology: The Case of Ekulu River in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This study focuses on the effects of urbanisation on the morphology and hydraulic geometry of the Ekulu River in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Measurements of channel properties were taken along a 25 km stretch at 45 sites grouped into three sections: section A, upstream of the town (15); section B, within the town (15); and section C, downstream of the town (15). Spatial interpolation techniques were used to predict channel morphometric properties within and downstream of Enugu on the basis of upstream relationships. The independent variable in the analysis was drainage area, used as a surrogate for discharge. In section A, channel parameters increased systematically downstream with basin area. Within the town, channel parameters exhibited sudden dimensional increases. Based on sectoral relationships, measured channel dimensions showed moderate increases above the expected values, with average enlargement ratio indices of 34 per cent, 91 per cent and 65 per cent in width, channel capacity and depth, respectively, between sections A and B. Between B and C the channel exhibited average reduction ratio indices of 21 per cent and 27 per cent in capacity and depth, respectively, and an average enlargement ratio index of 17 per cent in width relative to the expected value. The increase in channel dimension within the town is explained by: (1) the confluence with a third-order tributary; (2) the poorly structured, loose, incoherent and highly erodible channel bank materials; (3) high volumes of runoff generated from the impermeable urban surfaces; (4) urban hydrological routing due to urban drainage; (5) human traffic across the river banks; and (6) the huge volume of garbage and solid wastes dumped into the channel.
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    Population, Economy and Environment in Island Southeast Asia: An Historical View with Special Reference to Northern Sulawesi (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This article attempts to provide a long historical perspective on the relationship between population, environment, and the use of economic resources (particularly agricultural land) in island Southeast Asia. Historically speaking, it is argued, both the size and the distribution of Southeast Asia’s human population have been determined mainly by economic factors: population geography has reflected economic geography, and population growth has followed economic growth. Partly because population densities were adjusted, roughly speaking, to local economic conditions, agricultural practices were typically sustainable in the sense that average yields did not decline over time. Episodes of population growth, stimulated by commerce, mostly took place in relatively favourable agricultural environments, and were accompanied by capital and labour investments that made possible higher sustainable yields per hectare of farmland. These arguments are supported with reference to historical sources from Indonesia (particularly northern Sulawesi) and the Philippines.
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    Globalisation and the Livestock Industry in Botswana (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The expansion of Botswana’s livestock industry in recent years is partly a result of moves towards integration into the global economy. In the colonial period, livestock raising was the backbone of the national economy and in the post-colonial period remains the mainstay of the rural economy. Botswana’s export-driven cattle industry has led to the establishment of a well-equipped infrastructure such as marketing and veterinary services, which rank among the most developed in Africa. The industry has much support from the government; hence, the cattle population continues to grow. Even though globalisation has generally had positive impacts on the development of Botswana’s economy through beef exports, it has also generated some socioeconomic and environmental problems. Most serious are the continuing skewness of livestock holdings, increasing income disparities between the rich and poor, and accelerated overgrazing of rangelands due to overstocking of cattle by both communal and commercial farmers. The erection of veterinary cordon fences associated with the prevention of diseases and expansion of the cattle industry to meet export demands have decimated large numbers of migratory wildlife species in the country, with deleterious effects on the burgeoning tourist industry. As a result, globalisation is having both positive and negative impacts on the economy of Botswana.
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    Call for Papers (2001)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    Globalisers vs Communitarians: Public Intellectuals Debate Thailand’s Futures (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the past decade Thailand’s bubble of prosperity expanded beyond the wildest dreams of investors and burst in the faces of those who had inflated it. By being the fastest growing economy in the world as well as the epicentre of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Thailand became a cautionary tale of hypergrowth. During the boom and especially after the bubble economy burst there were heated debates in Thailand’s highly energised public sphere about the accelerating pace of change, about political reform, and about the possible futures for the country and its people. All Asian countries subjected to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) regime of austerity saw their national economic sovereignty compromised, and in this respect the financial crisis of 1997 had clear parallels with previous threats to Thailand’s sovereignty in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Then, as in the late 1990s, the ruling elites allowed sovereignty to be compromised.In this essay I endeavour to map out the intellectual contours of post-boom Thailand. While accepting that these public debates are concentrated in the Bangkok megalopolis, I would suggest that it would be a mistake to dismiss the dominant themes of these debates as fatally elitist or Bangkok-centric. The public intellectuals engaging the issues have close ties to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other activists elsewhere in the country. At the core of these debates is the need to empower local communities in order to contend with the pressures of international financial organisations such as the IMF, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
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    Book Reviews (2001)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed:D.P. Angel and M.T. Rock (eds.), Asia’s Clean Revolution - Industry, Growth and the Environment.Heidi Dahles and Karin Bras (eds.), Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs: Development, National Policy and Entrepreneurial Cultures - Indonesian Cases.Ian Marsh, Jean Blondel and Takashi Inoguchi (eds.), Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance: East and Southeast Asia.John Oates Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa.
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    Recontextualising Positionality: Geographical Research and Academic Fields of Power (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The first article of the first issue of Antipode began with a declaration concerning the values ascribed to publication and the nature of academic work in geography. With that thirty-year-old declaration in mind, this essay reflects on aspects of these values as registered in British academic geography. It does so with particular reference to themes that have been raised in a number of recent debates, namely the questions of commodification/marketisation of and reflexivity in geographical research and scholarship.
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    Afterword: Who Rules This Sausage Factory? (2000)
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    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    The Battle in Seattle: A Response from Local Geographers in the Midst of the WTO Ministeral Meetings (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    The Spaces of Graduate Student Labor: The Times for a New Union (2000)
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    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper offers a critical analysis of how pressures to “corporatize” universities are affecting graduate student employees and public higher education in the United States. The argument is that the corporatization of universities is a not a new phenomenon, but is occurring in a very different political, economic, and technological context than in previousdecades. After addressing the definition of corporatization with regard to universities in general and those in the state of Washington in particular, the paper discusses the author's perceptions of the activities and spaces of universities and how the university and the people who work there are connected to larger economic processes and power relations. The paper provides the author's perspective on the current situation of graduate student employees in relation to processes of corporatization, and focuses on the ambiguities of the double identity of graduate student employees and how this relates to current struggles to form graduate student employee unions. The paper considers ways that graduate student employee unions reflect a desire to change the ways that “business” is conducted on university campuses, and could work to build coalitions across employee divides. The paper concludes by outlining some thoughts on the role of academics in addressing pressures to corporatize higher education and suggesting possible ideas for action in the struggle to keep public universities open and democratic.
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    Global Rhetorics, National Politics: Pursuing Bank Mergers in Canada (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the neoliberal reconfiguration of both national and international political economies during the 1980s and 1990s, the interests of North American financial capital have apparently reigned supreme. Having ceded sovereignty to financial markets and financial institutions, national states seem to have lost their power to control them: the genie appears to be well and truly out of the bottle. Drawing upon an analysis of political debates in Canada over plans by the country’s largest banks to merge, this article critically engages with literatures that imply that liberal strategies and corporate politics are doomed to prevail. In exploring the reasons for the Canadian government’s rejection of the mergers, the article demonstrates the complex relationships between geography, politics and economics in the discursive representations of the national interest. Not only did the banks fail to understand the need to lobby effectively, the paper argues, but bank finance has gone from occupying a privileged role in the Canadian body politic to one in which its interests must now compete openly against others, highlighting important political changes in a globalising world.
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    Geography and its Discontents (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    Abstracts (2000)
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    Space is the Place: Direct Action and Geography (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
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    The General Law of US Capitalist Accumulation: Contingent Work and the Working Class (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: For several years now, there has been a minor rekindling of interest in the ideas of Karl Marx, hailed in the New Yorker as “the next big thinker.” Like other articles supposedly professing sympathy with Marx, this exhibits a common misconception. It is also underwritten with the following revisionism: Given that the agents of social change–the “modern working class”–are shrinking drastically and disappearing fast, Marx’s revolutionary hopes are doomed. Nowonly a residual Marx prevails, a Marx-lite, a mere analyzer of the defects of bourgeois society. This article seeks to contest these distortions. It brings Marx to bear on the present US context, positing him as an apt economic critic and telling political prophet of millennial America. It addresses standard clichés about his class definition and emphasizes how Marx really left us with a flexible, dialectical theory, hinging on the process of capital accumulation. From the standpoint of accumulation dynamics, we can justifiably argue that the working class is still growing, not shrinking in numbers. From this perspective, too, we might better comprehend the whole phenomenon of corporate downsizing and “contingent work” within the remit of Marx’s different forms of relative surplus populations. The attendant questions about working class organization and politics are dealt with in the paper’s conclusion, which illustrates how Marxian-style resistance is already beginning to take hold in the United States.
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    What Kind of Economic Theory for what Kind of Economic Geography? (2000)
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    The Origin of the Third World (2000)
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    Realizing Critical Geographies of the University (2000)
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    Notes: This paper argues that current changes underway in the daily lives of faculty at US research universities need to be understood contextually. A critical contextualization is a first step in realizing critical geographies of and in the university. This argument is elaborated in a consideration of three situations the author has faced: teaching undergraduate economic geography in an era of globalization; the professionalization of graduate students, and universities' indifference to the fuller lives of (in this case) faculty.
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    Authors, Editors and Authority in the Postmodern Academy (2000)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Textbooks are presented, by their authors and publishers, as authoritative statements regarding the nature of a scientific discipline or sub-discipline: in Kuhn's words, they are the “vehicles for the perpetuation of normal science.” One of the main contributions of postmodern and poststructuralist thought, however, has been to challenge the nature of power and authority in the academy, a challenge that has been widely taken up in contemporary geographical research. There has been much less impact on textbook production and other teaching resources, however, where the “authority of the disembodied scholar” still holds sway. This is illustrated with respect to readers, collections of both original and reprinted pieces (the latter often in abridged form) where editorial authority (“this is what I think you should read”) is frequently as firm as its predecessor, authorial authority. The reasons for this are sought in contemporary developments in higher education.
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    The New Social Contract for Science: Accountability, Relevance,and Value in US and UK Science and Research Policy (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
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    Notes: This paper considers recent changes in US and UK science policy designed to make academic research more publicly accountable and relevant. To this end, relations between public sector funding bodies academic researchers, andthe wider public are being reorganized in terms of customer-contractor relations, though cultural and institutional differences mean these broad trends have produced different outcomes in the US and UK to which geographers will have to adapt. New forms of market based, customer accountability are restructuring the context of scientific research and reorienting long standing academic norms and values. Though these changes are designed to make academic research more responsive to the demands of various paying customers, the paper suggests the importance of reflexivity about the interests and identity involved.
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    South Africa's Current Transition in Temporal and Spatial Context (2000)
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    Notes: This article analyses South Africa’s current postapartheid transition in the light of earlier transformations of its social and economic order. The first of these prior transformations is the abolition of slavery and the shift to liberal capitalism, which took place in the early nineteenth century. The second is the rapid industrialization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Each of these transformations, as well as the current transition, is explained as being partly the outcome of a broad shift in capitalist practice, innovated in the metropoles of the global economy. Due to South Africa’s situation within global economic networks, each of these shifts, at different times, raised the threat of a dislocation in South Africa’s prevailing social order. However, each prior transformation and, it will be argued, the current transition, has been ‘managed’ by established elites so as to ensure minimal change to the overall distribution of privilege. This conservative ‘management’ of shifts in capitalist practice, it is suggested, has been facilitated through South African elites’ historic engagement with cultural discourses circulating across a global terrain. In this article then, contemporary South Africa is located within both material and discursive networks which have historically influenced the country’s distribution of privilege.
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    Rural Realism: George Henderson’s California And The Fictions Of Capital (2000)
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    Introduction: Professional Geography and the Corporatization ofthe University: Experiences, Evaluations, and Engagements (2000)
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    Book Reviews (2000)
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    Notes: Book reviewed:Porter and Sheppard, A World of Difference: Society, Nature, Development
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    Research, Pedagogy, and Instrumental Geography (2000)
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    Notes: Taking an historical approach to the “corporatization of the university,” this paper argues that the classroom as a site of political praxis has been neglected in mainstream geography and is a crucial place where such “corporatization” can be challenged. Geographers have expended much energy working out new methods of research and analysis, but have not adequately addressed the link between knowledge production and pedagogy. This paper attempts to bring questions of radical pedagogic practices into mainstream discussions in geography by showing how knowledge came to be viewed primarily in instrumentalist terms during the nineteenth century, and by showing how recent challenges to positivism can open the door to more sophisticated discussions of the topic. The paper argues that by so doing, we will be better equipped to defend our classrooms and more able to promote teaching that matters to radicalgeographers—social justice, critical citizenship, and participatory democracy.
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    Abstracts (2000)
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    Women of Steel: Constructing and Contesting New Gendered Geographies of Work in the Australian Steel Industry (2000)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The article argues that although structuralist-inspired approaches to steel restructuring have provided significant insights and recognised the role of “labour” in sectoral change, such studies have predominantly equated labour politics with unionism, downplaying the impact of other forms of workers’ politics. This has created a problematic disjunction between “real world” events and academic research, with ensuing issues for policy development and delivery. In response to this difficulty, the paper builds on Herod’s concept of a labour geography to develop multiple labour geographies of power, an approach that describes different forms of workers’ politics. To illustrate this approach, the paper presents female steelworkers’ politics of restructuring. It details the Jobs for Women Campaign in Wollongong, Australia, a 1980s place-based initiative that sought to gain blue-collar employment for women in the local steelworks. The study demonstrates how female steelworkers developed restructuring politics addressing gender and employment discrimination, issues not normally associated with labour politics. The paper concludes that such workers’ struggles need to be analysed as they affect restructuring impacts and processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00124
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    Book Reviews (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed: New Frontiers in Space, Bodies and Gender, RosaAinley (Eds.). Open Veins of Latin America, Eduardo Galeano, Geographies of Resistance, Steve Pile and Michael Keith (eds.), BorderMatters: Remapping American Cultural Studies, Jos David Saldvar BorderTheory: the Limits of Cultural Politics, Scott Michaelsen and David E. Johnson, (eds.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00128
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    Abstracts (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00129
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    Sticks and Stones: Environmental Narratives and Discursive Regulation in the Forestry and Mining Sectors (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Antipode 32 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: As visibly extractive industries reliant on the material and semiotic commodification of nature, forestry and mining have come to be popularly viewed as “environmental pariahs.” Yet forestry and mining continue to be successfully profitable enterprises despite a significant increase in environmental awareness and activism in the latter half of the twentieth century. To understand the relative stability and growth of these sectors in the face of overt contradictions arising from their use of the environment, this article revisits the work of regulation theorists who asked similar questions about the persistence and maintenance of capitalism in general.Two case studies are presented–forestry in British Columbia and gold mining in California and Nevada–which demonstrate how the political economy of forestry and mining is subject to contradictions arising out of the technological and organizational mechanisms through which nature is appropriated during production. Analysis of the case studies shows that the regulation of these contradictions is increasingly achieved through the deployment and cooptation of sustainability narratives. The case studies therefore juxtapose the recent proliferation of sustainability narratives within the forestry and mining sectors with the sectors’ persistent challenge to concepts of sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00118
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    The Girls’ Home, Bangkok, Thailand: Developing Thoughts on Democracy (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper describes an exercise with children in the implementation of housing rights. Based on the argued opinion that housing rights cannot be exercised without participation and that participation without knowledge is pretence, a Kids and Architecture programme was initiated with a group of 40 children — displaced from homes in the Klong Toey slum in Bangkok — at a girls’ home run by the Human Development Foundation (HDF). The programme, developed in two phases and involving students from the King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), School of Architecture, set about to teach these children some of the elements of architecture so that they could participate in the design of their own housing. From this experiment a number of conclusions are drawn about the implementation of housing rights and about the teaching of architecture, both to children and architecture students.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00135
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    Call for Papers (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00128
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    Characterisation of Optical Water Quality in Bunaken National Marine Park, Indonesia (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Effective passive optical remote sensing of submerged coral reef ecosystems requires not only appropriate atmospheric correction, but also water column correction. Algorithms accounting for atmospheric effects are fairly well established and readily available, but water column correction algorithms are still under development. Many approaches to water column correction assume horizontal homogeneity and strict adherence to Beer’s Law of logarithmic vertical attenuation, which may not be the case in many coral reef ecosystems. Water column optical properties were measured using a multispectral dropsonde radiometer in Bunaken National Marine Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, to examine the vertical and horizontal variability of light in a typical coral reef environment. This largely descriptive case study demonstrates the complexity of the interaction of light in shallow coastal environments with often highly reflective substrata and serves to warn against assumptions of water optical property homogeneity. Downwelling attenuation coefficients are provided for use in water column correction of future remote sensing missions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00116
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    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed:Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third WorldHans-Dieter Evers and Rüdiger Korff, Southeast Asian Urbanism: The Meaning and Power of Social SpacePeter Boomgaard and Ian Brown (eds.), Weathering the Storm: The Economies of Southeast Asia in the 1930s DepressionLisa Law, Sex Work in Southeast Asia: The Place of Desire in a Time of AIDS
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00121
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    Mapping Globalisation (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: As a form of restructuring with new winners and losers, globalisation begets resistance, and these processes occur in particular places that have distinctive features. A map of globalisation may be drawn by showing the spaces of resistance, many of which are found at the local level, sometimes with transnational links involving formal or informal networks. To do so, one must first assess the variety of meanings that have been assigned to the concepts of globalisation and resistance. Noting shades of meaning from the natural sciences, medicine, history, philosophy, law, and feminist and other branches of social theory, this paper argues that different frames may be used in conjunction with one another to help explain Southeast Asia’s diverse encounters with globalisation. The frames show that resistance is not merely a negation of the jarring effects of globalisation, but also a matter of imagining, in a non-utopian manner, something better. Remapping globalisation is a quest for an appropriate temporal and spatial scale of social organisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00106
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    Nationalism, Populism, Dependency: Southeast Asia and Responses to the Asian Crisis (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Opposition to neoliberal globalisation has been especially intense since the Asian crisis. This paper assesses three responses to the crisis: a broad localist reaction in Thailand, and the approaches adopted by two major Asian-based organisations, the Third World Network (TWN) and the Focus on the Global South. The discussion of these approaches focuses on the issues of nationalism and populism; dependency; industrialisation and the state; and liberalisation, international institutions, and local society. Their critiques range from the conservative populism of the localists, to reformism of TWN, and to the more radical “deglobalisation” approach of the Focus group. However, none have been able to free themselves of the influence of dependency models. Their populism and “progressive nationalism” prevents an accurate location of the causes of exploitation in capitalist processes. This paper questions whether the national-global dichotomy of these approaches is an adequate way to conceptualise capitalist production and exploitation in the era of globalisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00107
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    Globalisation and Communal Identities in the Plural Society Of Malaysia (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Successful modernisation and global integration in Malaysia have opened up new possibilities and increased agency. At the state level, success has allowed its political leadership to act as spokesperson for the post-colonial world. Agency for Malaysians has increased as well, but with a specific twist. Not only has individual agency increased but - even more so - new forms of social control have been created. From the background of a plural society, valorisations accompanying modernisation and globalisation were perceived as favouring or disadvantaging particular ethnic groups. This has lead to a politicisation of ethnicity by which the maintenance of integration has been pursued through the development of social control mechanisms that have given rise to new communal identities.Today, social control and Islam are closely interwoven. Islam provides a meaning system that links modernity and the modern present with a Malay past. Especially in urban areas, the equation “a Malay is a Muslim” has been changed to “a Muslim in Malaysia is a Malay”. The ambivalence of referring to universals like “post-colonialism” and “Islam” as ways of expressing Malaysian particularities is shown in the self-description of Malaysia as a successful “globaliser” and a post-colonial and/or Islamic country in the official mass media. Physically, this in turn is reflected in the architectural styles of mega-projects. Elsewhere it has been argued that globalisation has the potential to fragment societies. The question is whether this potential might lead to the emergence of a fragmented plural society in Malaysia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00110
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    A Landscape Ecology Approach to Assessing Development Impacts in the Tropics: A Geothermal Energy Example in Hawaii (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used in environmental impact assessments (EIA) because GIS is useful for analysing spatial impacts of various development scenarios. Spatially representing these impacts provides another tool for landscape ecology in environmental and geographical investigations by facilitating analysis of the effects of landscape pattern on ecological processes and examining change over time. Landscape ecological principles are applied in this study to a hypothetical geothermal development project on the Island of Hawaii. Some common landscape pattern metrics were used to analyse dispersed versus condensed development scenarios and their effect on landscape pattern. Indices of fragmentation and patch shape did not appreciably change with additional development. The amount of forest to open edge, however, greatly increased with the dispersed development scenario. In addition, landscape metrics showed that a human disturbance had a greater simplifying effect on patch shape and also increased fragmentation than a natural disturbance. The use of these landscape pattern metrics can advance the methodology of applying GIS to EIA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00115
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    Editorial Note (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00105
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    Urban Redevelopment and the Forced Eviction of Lighters from the Singapore River (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the causes and impact of the “evictionr” of the lighterage industry from the Singapore River in 1983. For more than 160 years, the lighterage industry served the traditional Entrepôt trade interests of Singapore from its base along the Singapore River. In 1983, all cargo–carrying lighters operating from the river were forced to relocate to new facilities at Pasir Panjang as a direct consequence of the Singapore government’s broader economic agenda to speedily industrialise and modernise the island state. State policy unequivocally linked slum clearance and city redevelopment with its economic programme. As Singapore’s economy grew and diversified through the 1970s it became less reliant on the commerce of the entrepôt trade, and the lighterage industry, already struggling to compete with technological changes in sea transport, found itself left without a bargaining position and standing in the path of economic development and urban renewal. While the economic success that Singapore has enjoyed over the past several decades seems to vindicate the state’s relentless drive for urban renewal, it often overshadows the impact of the state’s policies on individuals. For those working in the industry, eviction led to social and economic hardship as business declined and individuals struggled to adapt to their new work environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00132
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    The Mobile Street Food Service Practice in the Urban Economy of Kumba, Cameroon (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The mobile food service practice is one of multiple survival strategies adopted by poor urban households in Cameroon to maintain and expand the base of subsistence incomes, especially in the current surge of economic crisis. Though a fast-growing informal sector enterprise, it is still at an artisanal stage in urban Cameroon, creating an urgent need for a supportive policy environment that could have measurable positive impacts on improving the productivity, welfare and income levels of the micro-entrepreneurs. This study looks at the mobile food service practice in Kumba, Cameroon, in terms of its basic characteristics, the locational factors influencing its socio-spatial distribution, the critical success factors (CSFs) determining customer choices, and its impacts on the local environmental resources and quality of urban life. The mobile food service practice creates employment, generates income, and acts as a food energy-support instrument to the urban poor and local economic activities operating in Kumba. The vendors, who are mostly women, can make incomes that are 405 per cent of the national minimum wage and, thus, contribute financially towards the education, health and survival of their families. The paper provides some recommendations on ways to improve the efficiency of this sector so as to achieve sustainable economic and social development and to enhance empowerment thereof.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00122
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    Geographies of Displacement: The Karenni and The Shan Across The Myanmar-Thailand Border (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 23 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: First, central to our analysis is the argument that human movement within and across borders fundamentally challenges the view of geopolitics based upon fixed territorial states, inter-state relations, national identities and citizenship; indeed the whole idea of “national geographic”. Using the examples of the Karen and Shan peoples, we explore the processes and patterns of forced relocation, displacement and migration in the border regions of Myanmar and Thailand. Our main concern is with forced displacement as a result of political and ethnic conflict; specifically, how the Burmese military regime’s desire for “national unity” within Myanmar’s “national space” has influenced the militarily inspired displacements of hundreds of thousands of villagers and civilians within the border zones inhabited mostly by so-called “national minorities”. We examine the particular problems of the so-called “internally displaced persons” within “national” boundaries compared with the “refugees” and “undocumented migrants” who make it across “international” space into Thailand. We illustrate the ways displaced people are represented by state agencies and the media as “threats” and “transgressors”. We consider some of the “long term” aspects of the displacement problem along the Myanmar-Thai border and the vital contribution geographers can make to the study of displacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00120
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    Preferences over Prosperity and Pollution: Environmental Valuation based on Happiness Surveys (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper uses cross–national data from happiness surveys, jointly with data on per capita income and pollution, to examine how self–reported well–being varies with prosperity and environmental conditions. This approach allows us to show that citizens care about prosperity and the environment, and to calculate the trade–off people are willing to make between them. The paper finds that the effect of urban air pollution on subjective well–being shows up as a considerable monetary valuation of improved air quality. For instance, a representative German citizen would need to be given more than 1900 $ per year in order to accept the typical urban air pollution level prevailing in Japan. The subjective marginal valuation of air pollution is compared with marginal abatement costs from the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00198
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    Privatization and Equity in Brazil and Russia (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper uses cross–national data from happiness surveys, jointly with data on per capita income and pollution, to examine how self–reported well–being varies with prosperity and environmental conditions. This approach allows us to show that citizens care about prosperity and the environment, and to calculate the trade–off people are willing to make between them. The paper finds that the effect of urban air pollution on subjective well–being shows up as a considerable monetary valuation of improved air quality. For instance, a representative German citizen would need to be given more than 1900$ per year in order to accept the typical urban air pollution level prevailing in Japan. The subjective marginal valuation of air pollution is compared with marginal abatement costs from the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00199
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    ICT Innovation and Economic Performance: The Role of Financial Intermediation (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article considers the relationship between finance and the contribution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to macroeconomic performance. The general characteristics of ICT firms, especially their often ‘high risk, high return’ nature, suggest equity finance is more appropriate than debt finance. Also, the prevalence of information asymmetries tends to favour internal finance and venture capital with management participation. For a group of countries, we analyse correlations between financial structure and the ICT contribution to economic growth. Our results support the view that a market–oriented financial system and a well–developed venture capital market are key factors stimulating the emergence of the so–called ‘New Economy’. This helps explain the considerable gap in productivity growth between the United States and Europe in the second half of the 1990s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00201
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    Public Profit Sharing (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Many countries suffer from persistently high unemployment rates. The scope for labour market reforms is often limited to measures that hurt neither shareholders nor workers. This paper develops a policy proposal, which allows the government to reduce wage costs without changing the income positions as determined in the process of wage negotiations. It is shown that the introduction of public profit sharing, i.e., substituting profit shares for social security contributions, can boost employment both in the short run and the long run. Calibrating the model and comparing the results with recent empirical findings about the impact of labour taxation confirm the theoretical findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00200
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    A Market Mechanism for Scientific Communication: A Proposal (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00202
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    Pay More Tribute to Smart Ants: A Note on the Tullockian Environmental Coordination in Non–Human Societies (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00203
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    KYKLOS Editorial Policy (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Kyklos 55 (2002), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00206
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