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  • Articles  (5,115)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,421)
  • IOS Press  (1,077)
  • Annual Reviews  (617)
  • 2005-2009  (179)
  • 2000-2004  (1,387)
  • 1985-1989  (1,770)
  • 1980-1984  (1,779)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1920-1924
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (5,069)
  • Political Science  (1,123)
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  • Articles  (5,115)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Talking Cop: Discourses of Change and Policing Identities (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents empirical and theoretical analysis of the enactment of New Public Management (NPM) within the UK police service. It draws on empirical material gathered in a two-year study that explores the ways in which individual policing professionals have responded to, and received, the NPM discourse. Theoretically informed by a discursive approach to organizational analysis, the paper focuses on the new subject positions promoted within NPM that serve to challenge traditional understandings of policing organization and identities. The paper examines the implications of this for policies that promote community orientated policing (COP) and increased inter-agency partnership. The paper argues that the promotion of a more progressive form of policing, based on community orientation and equality principles, may struggle to gain legitimacy within the current performance regime that legitimizes a competitive masculine subjectivity, with its emphasis on crime fighting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00367.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiscal Transparency: Concepts, Measurement and UK Practice (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Greater fiscal transparency is seen by its advocates as a means of improving economic governance arrangements in ways which, by promoting fiscal stability, will in turn improve the functioning of the government sector and facilitate improvements in the economic environment for the private sector. ‘Fiscal transparency’ is much acclaimed by policy-makers, not only in the UK Treasury but also by the IMF and OECD. Fiscal transparency can have substance or can just be voguish incantation. This article explores the meaning of fiscal transparency, by examining its structure and evaluating criteria for assessing the degree of fiscal transparency attached to particular sets of circumstances. It explores the link between transparency and accountability, developing the distinction between event and process transparency. Consideration is given to the trade-off between the value of sunlight (to employ an analogy) and the danger of over-exposure. The performance of the United Kingdom against emerging international best practice is examined, with regard to both public expenditure and taxation. By international standards, UK fiscal transparency is high. Nevertheless, there is a major gap between UK rhetoric and practice, indicating a  divergence between nominal and effective transparency. This is evidenced by: frequent changes in public expenditure definitions; the non-publication of important analyses; the location of certain liabilities ‘off-balance sheet’; and a lack of candour about tax policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00369.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Civil Servant as Legislator: Law Making in British Administration (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: How are government policy commitments converted into legislation and what happens in the conversion? The role of civil servants in preparing legislation is far more important than is generally assumed. By looking at the work of four recent bill  teams in Britain – teams of civil servants given the task of developing Acts of Parliament – their crucial roles in initiating policies, placing them on the political agenda (even helping secure their place in a party manifesto), developing them, making sure they pass through parliament and enacting them once they have reached the statute books are assessed. The article explores the composition and working methods of bill teams. These teams work with considerable autonomy in developing legislation, but it cannot be assumed that they operate outside ministerial control. Teams see themselves as reflecting the priorities of the government in general and their ministers in particular. Yet ministers typically know relatively little about the law they are bringing in until they receive the submissions and briefings from their officials. Perhaps the biggest danger for democracy is not a civil service putting forward proposals which a minister feels forced to accept, but rather that ministers do not notice or fully appreciate what is being proposed in their name despite having the political authority to change it and a civil service which bends over backwards to consult and accommodate them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00366.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cabinet Government: An Elusive Ideal? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article will explore the proposition that cabinet government is dead by examining the different ways in which cabinet government is conceptualized and by suggesting that the lack of precision in the debates has undermined much of the criticism. It will seek to draw the strands of research together in a way that can emphasize how cabinet government has evolved while remaining at the core of government. The article will draw evidence from three countries, Australia, Canada and Britain, in each of which, despite the common heritage, cabinet has evolved in different ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00368.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public Scrutiny, Standards and the Planning System: Assessing Professional Values within a Modernized Local Government (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Since the 1990s there has been a long-standing concern in government towards public sector accountability, management, efficiency and service delivery. A number of studies have attempted to analyse the multitude of individual changes and their manifestations through analyses based on a variety of institutional, policy and governmental distinctions. This paper attempts to specify the changes with particular reference to planning, and to consider the evolution of the public service ethic in planning towards more openness, scrutiny, transparency and efficiency with particular reference to the changing ethos of the professional employee. We first explore the  main impacts upon local government, the public service ethic and professional planning as a consequence of the Modernization agenda and freedoms and flexibilities initiative. We then look at how such changes have impacted upon the ethos and values in public service and planning. We draw on some evidence of Ombudsman cases to highlight issues of professional values in planning practice over the past decade before finally drawing these strands together in some conclusions. Our principal findings indicate that the much-trumpeted decline of services and standards may not have been as apparent as is sometimes portrayed and that internal professional attitudes and values towards the external changes may not have significantly altered over the same period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00370.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coping with Complex Leadership Roles: The Problematic Redefinition of Government-owned Enterprises (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Inspired by New Public Management, many countries have changed their central public apparatus from an integrated to a more segregated structural model. A central element in this process is structural devolution and the establishment of new or reorganized state-owned companies with increased business autonomy and new formal control systems. This paper focuses on how this development, as exemplified by the case of Norway, is affecting the role of central executive political and administrative leaders. The study, based on elite interviews, shows that corporatization has made the role of central leaders more complex and ambiguous and undermined traditional political control. We interpret this development from a transformative perspective, underlining how structural devolution is filtered through the dynamic context of environmental pressure and internal structural and cultural factors; in addition, experiences from New Zealand are used to contrast the Norwegian case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00372.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual Report 2002 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2003.00376.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local and regional public management reforms in Switzerland (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Public management reforms at the local (community) and regional (canton) level in Switzerland almost all embrace elements of the new public management. In addition, in Switzerland, the merging of small communities as well as new developments such as electronic government are becoming apparent. The new public management model has been adapted for Swiss needs according to the perception of decision makers on problems that require solution in a Swiss context. NPM has developed, therefore, into rather different models in practice, aimed at the solution of these diverse problems. Foreign examples, such as the Dutch Tilburg Model and the German Neues Steuerungsmodell, played a major role at the start of this process, but have continuously lost their influence as actual models to be emulated. The most outstanding peculiarities of the Swiss reforms are an early and subsequent outcome focus together with the strong influence of direct democracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00349
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local public management reforms in Germany (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article, part of a sequence of comparative articles on local government reforms in The Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany, describes and analyses the recent public management reforms at the local level of Germany. After an overview about the constitutional framework of local self government and the reform waves of the last decades, the paper concentrates on the ‘new steering model’ as the German variant of NPM. The article shows the short history of this reform movement, describes the main elements of the reform concept and explains some of the causes, forces and actors of implementation. It goes on to discuss the present status of implementation, explains several shortcomings of the concept, and presents the – very limited – empirical evidence of achieved results. Finally, the paper draws some conclusions from a comparative view on the similarities and differences of local management reforms in Germany and the two other countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00350
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reviews (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:B. Guy Peters and Jon Pierre (eds.), Politicians, bureaucrats and administrative reformHugh Atkinson and Stuart Wilks-Heeg, Local government from Thatcher to Blair: the politics of creative autonomyAlex Wright (ed.), Scotland: the challenge of devolutionChristopher Hood, Henry Rothstein and Robert Baldwin, The government of risk: understanding risk regulation regimesAlison Young, The politics of regulation: privatized utilities in Britain
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00353
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty–first century United States governance: statecraft as reform craft and the peculiar governing paradox it perpetuates (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The United States is commonly referred to as the last global superpower, exercising unrivalled political, economic, military and social influence. Yet, paradoxically, unlike any other nation, Americans were – and remain – radically antistatist. Until roughly the twentieth century the United States did not want, need, nor create a powerful administrative state to govern itself, let alone others abroad. This essay explores that peculiar paradox, namely how Americans govern as the last global superpower today, yet retain an inherently fierce hostility to government. The thesis that is developed argues that it is a deep–rooted reformist faith which ultimately shapes US statecraft as a unique style of reformcraft, with both benign and not–sobenign consequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00335
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Searching for civil society: changing patterns of governance in Britain (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: To understand governance, we ask who is telling the story from within which tradition. We argue there is no essentialist notion of governance but at least four conceptions each rooted in a distinctive tradition. The first section of the paper describes the relevant traditions: Tory, Liberal, Whig and Socialist. The second section describes the different notions of governance associated with each tradition; intermediate institutions, marketizing public services, reinventing the constitution and trust and negotiation. We explain these distinct conceptions of governance as responses to the dilemmas of inflation and state overload. In the conclusion, we summarize how and why traditions change, concluding, there is no such thing as governance, but only the differing constructions of the several traditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00336
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State, administration and governance in Germany: competing traditions and dominant narratives (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The article explores the evolution of competing views on state, administration and governance in Germany from an historical perspective, with an emphasis on the last five decades. To understand the governance discourse in Germany one has to start from different notions of the state. The first part therefore offers a brief, somewhat polemic, overview about different state traditions in Germany in the twentieth and twenty–first centuries. The second part looks at how discourses about the proper role, the appropriate structures and processes of the public sector and its interactions with its environment have changed during the history of the Federal Republic. The analytic focus is on the different narratives about administrative policies, understood as the various scenarios, assumptions and arguments on which competing policy–suggestions for the public sector have been based. The article argues that it is not sufficient to interpret the ups and downs of different discourses and Leitbilder as more or less erratic, post–modern fashions and fads. Instead, the line up of the central catch–phrases, from democratic via active and lean to the activating state, reflect learning processes, driven above all by the political competition creating a continuous demand for ‘better’, more appropriate narratives to guide and explain current policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00338
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Governance traditions and narratives of public sector reform in contemporary France (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article explores the basic traditions of governance in contemporary France and the narratives of public sector reform associated with them. It should be stressed right from the outset that this article does not aim to describe the set of public sector reforms that have been implemented in France in the last ten years or so. Instead, the aim is to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the narratives of the left and the right with regard to these reforms and to show how these narratives help to explain the types of reform that have been enacted. The basic argument is that there is a certain commonality to both the left and the right with regard to their narratives of public sector reform. At the same time, though, there are differences of emphasis both within each tradition and between the two main traditions themselves. Except where indicated, all translations are the author's own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00340
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative governance: prospects and lessons (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article revisits the country case studies and seeks to answer two questions. What are the strengths and weaknesses of an interpretive approach? What lessons can we draw from our analysis of public sector reform? To assess an interpretive approach, we discuss: the issues raised in identifying beliefs; the meaning of explanation; how to select traditions; the shift from prediction to informed conjecture and policy advice as storytelling. To assess the lessons, we outline our preferred story of public sector reform. We seek to show that an interpretive approach produces insights for students of public administration. We argue it remains feasible to give policy advice to public sector managers by telling them stories and providing rules of thumb (proverbs) to guide managerial practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00342
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local public management reforms in the Netherlands: fads, fashions and winds of change (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public administration 81 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Compared to other continental European countries, especially Germany and Switzerland, which have experimented with New Public Management (NPM) in local government, The Netherlands has been relatively quick in following trends stemming from Anglo-Saxon management thinking, but also relatively quick in redressing its course. The rise of the New Public Management in Dutch local government has been relatively swift and strong but also relatively superficial and non-committal. The dominant picture that emerges is one of an administrative system that, while responsive to the latest trends, is also surprisingly stable. Management reforms, forcefully advocated in the 1980s, were decisively revised and redressed in the 1990s, with the city of Tilburg, celebrated for its ‘Tilburg Model’, a case in point. The Werdegang of NPM (that is, how things developed) in Dutch local government, detailed in this article, can be understood only partially as a result of changing economic and budgetary constraints. The article shows that endogenous features of the Dutch politico-administrative system – more specifically: the compact, dense and decentralized pattern of the intergovernmental network, the administrative tradition of pragmatism, dynamic conservatism and the comparatively technocratic character of local government – have also strongly influenced the reception, effect and correction of NPM in Dutch local government.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00348
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity Exploration of a Buried Valley in the Appalachian Plateau (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The existence of high-density, nearly-structureless bedrock buried by relatively low-density sediments makes gravity prospecting a very informative technique for bedrock-topography studies of the northern Appalachian Plateaus. Locating bedrock exposures and using available well data reduces the area of the gravity search. Depths to bedrock from wells correlate excellently with depths from gravity anomalies. The minimum anomaly detected was 0·18 milligal, corresponding to a depth of approximately 40 feet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00766.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Pathogenic and Indicator Organisms in Ground Water (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A comparative study was undertaken on the decay rates of three bacterial types (S. typhimurium, E. coli and S. faecalis), an enterovirus (poliovirus type 1) and a bacterial phage (f2) in ground water maintained under laboratory conditions. Except for f2 phage, all the microorganisms tested were relatively stable in ground water. S. faecalis survived best among all the bacteria tested and its decay rate was similar to that of poliovirus type 1.Under field conditions, bacterial indicators were also found to be stable in the ground-water environment. The decay rate for fecal streptococci was lower than for fecal or total coliforms in the shallow wells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00741.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Determination of Cation Exchange Properties for Calcareous Sand (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A technique has been developed for the determination of the exchangeable cation population of calcareous sandy material with cation exchange capacities of less than 1 meq/100 g. The technique involves the addition of exchange salt in the dry state to samples of porous media using original pore water as the exchange salt solvent. In applying this technique to samples from below the water table, the amount of pore water available for reaction is reduced by centrifuging in the field to bring the moisture content close to field capacity values. By utilizing the minimum amount of pore water, interferences during the exchange process due to calcite precipitation or dissolution are minimized. The extent of calcite dissolution or precipitation that occurs can be appraised by measuring alkalinity or total carbon on the pore water before and after addition of the exchange salt. Three salts, NH4C1, CsCl and LiCl were tested for their suitability for this technique. CsCl was found to be preferable because of its low tendency to dissolve carbonate and the preference of Cs+ on exchange sites.Application of the method to a field site in southern Ontario yielded a value of 0.51 ± 0·09 meq/100 g over 15 samples for the cation exchange capacity of a near surface glaciofluvial sand deposit. It is believed that this technique could be applied with reasonable accuracy and reproducibility to materials with exchange capacities of as low as 0·1 meq/100 g.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00743.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady Interface Upconing Beneath a Coastal Infiltration Gallery (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The upconing of the salt-water interface in an unconfined coastal aquifer due to water withdrawal by an infiltration gallery is analyzed numerically based on the variational formulation of the problem. Sometimes in coastal areas, from the point of view of safe withdrawal of water on a long-term basis, the use of an infiltration gallery is found to be feasible in preventing severe upconing of the interface that would have resulted from heavy pumpage by a vertical well. The numerical procedure presented here is capable of delineating profiles of the free surface and interface along with the length of the outflow face and quantity of freshwater flow to the sea. Full consideration of the nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface and interface is included for a steady flow towards a gallery in both isotropic and anisotropic aquifers. The extent of upconing of the interface under different operating conditions of the gallery for different aquifer geometries has been studied. A general understanding of the flow phenomenon in the vicinity of the gallery has been established. The results of the analysis can be used to plan a water withdrawal scheme without causing contamination by salt water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00748.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquifer Tests and Well Field Performance, Scioto River Valley, Ohio: Part II (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The streambed-leakage factor ranged from 0.11 to 1.68 million gallons per day per acre per foot of head loss. Most values for the streambed infiltration rate and the streambed-leakage factor for six tests before 1970 were higher than for six tests in 1976–79, suggesting a change in streambed permeability in the intervening time.A well field to serve a government-owned uranium enrichment facility, consisting initially of 4 wells, later increased to 15 wells, was designed to yield up to 20 million gallons per day. The wells are on a line parallel to the river at distances from the stream ranging from 122 to 330 feet. Distance between wells ranges from 190 to 303 feet. Specific capacities of the wells, based on 24-hour acceptance tests, ranged from 63 to 147 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown and averaged 100 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. By late Summer of 1976, pumpage from all 15 wells ranged from 12 to 15 million gallons per day. Drawdown was about as expected, based on design criteria developed from the aquifer tests, except that pumping levels were lower than expected in the Fall and Winter of 1976–77, resulting from low streamflow and low river temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00745.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground Water for Oil-Shale Development, Piceance Basin, Colorado (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Vast deposits of oil shale are contained in the Piceance basin in northwestern Colorado. The basin may contain as much as 40 million acre-feet of stored water associated with these deposits, much of which may have to be drained for mining. Yet, most analyses of watersupply for oil-shale development have focused on surface water with only brief mention of ground water.This study used a synthetic streamflow model to investigate the effects of using conservative estimates of ground water on the required active storage capacity of a hypothetical reservoir on the White River. Results of the study indicate that use of ground water from mine drainage and/or auxiliary wells may have a significant impact on the size and timing of surface-water reservoirs. Thus, ground water may be an important source of supply, particularly during early development of an oil-shale industry. The study results strongly suggest that further investigations are needed on the physical availability of ground water as well as the institutional, legal and waterquality constraints on its use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00747.x
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  • 23
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    CORRECTION (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    DISCUSSION OF “A Computer Program for a Trilinear Diagram Plot and Analysis of Water Mixing Systems,” by M. D. Morris, J. A. Berk, J. W. Krulik, and Y. Eckstein, January-February 1983 issue, v. 21, no. 1, pp. 67–78 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    REPLY TO the Discussion by James F. Quinlan of Ground Water Tracers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS vs. THE REFEREED JOURNAL: A CONTROVERSY IN THE DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    Sustained-Yield Ground-Water Planning by Goal Programing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A method for determining a spatially distributed set of ground-water withdrawals that maintains a regionally “optimized” potentiometric surface is presented. A goal-programing approach, in its quadratic form, is used to minimize the sum of squares of differences between the optimized surface and a “target” potentiometric surface. Constraints on withdrawals and recharge, imposed through a two-dimensional ground-water flow equation, and bounds on drawdowns assure that the withdrawal strategy developed is realistic and physically feasible. Application is demonstrated using data from the Grand Prairie region of Arkansas.
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    The Ratio, Transmissivity/Storativity from Electric Analog Values of Streamflow (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Relatively little work has been done using streamflow data as a means of estimating hydrologic parameters such as transmissivity and storativity. An approach to this problem utilizing the physical insight offered by electric analog modeling techniques has been developed with streamflow data from two small drainage basins in northwest Virginia. Streamflow modeling has produced regional estimates of the ratio of transmissivity to storativity, and results from each region indicate this ratio to be larger than expected. This discrepancy is resolved by assuming that the drainage basins contain only a small percentage of permeable rock, and this assumption suggests a further use of the model to estimate the percent of permeable rock in a watershed. The analog approach presented here shows potential for further development using digital computer methods.
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    Limestone Influences on Physical and Chemical Features of a Mountain Stream (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Influences of limestone on physical and chemical characteristics of Abrams Creek in Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, were investigated from February to July 1977. Infiltration of stream water into subsurface permeable limestone conduits caused reduced and intermittent surface flow within the middle reach of the Cove. At the downstream (west) edge of the Cove, inflowing waters characteristically warmed the stream in winter and cooled it in summer and increased stream conductivity, total hardness, and pH. Management activities in the Cove did not appear to appreciably affect the chemistry of the aquatic system downstream relative to the large effects of limestone substrate.
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    DISCUSSION OF “Readers' Forum — Warm Springs Dam (and Other Disasters) Revisited,” by E. H. Boudreau November-December 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 6, pp. 752–753 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Salt-Water Intrusion in the Nile Delta (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Egypt is presently involved in a comprehensive program of land reclamation. Surface water has already been exhausted in meeting the urgent needs of agricultural expansion. If irrigation efficiency were increased, large amounts of surface water would be saved. However, this entails complex social, technical and political problems outside the scope of this paper. Ground-water development has priority over increasing irrigation efficiency (which would take a longer time).This paper deals with identification of the intruded salt-water wedge in the huge artesian Delta aquifer. The case is unique because most of this aquifer is invaded by salt water, and the major portion of its annual ground-water recharge is derived from the direct seepage from the Nile River and the huge net of irrigation canals serving about 3 million acres (∼ 11,561 km2) of fertile land, as well as the infiltration of excess irrigation water. The annual overall ground-water recharge to the aquifer was estimated as 6·40 km3/yr as explained later.Methods of salt-water control and various techniques of water resources management are discussed in this paper. Because of the great variation in the depth of the aquifer, two unconventional methods for identifying the salt-water wedge are also presented.
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    HP41C AND TI59 PROGRAMS FOR ANISOTROPIC CONFINED AQUIFERS (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: . Programs are presented for the HP41C and TI59 programmable calculators for determining the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity in anisotropic confined aquifers from pumping test data or for calculating drawdown given the aquifer parameters. The programs, based on Hantush's drawdown equations (1961), eliminate the need to perform triple interpolation in obtaining the drawdown correction factor given in tabular form by Weeks (1969). The programs are illustrated by example.
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    DISCUSSION OF “Type Curves for Large-Diameter Wells Near Barriers,” by Zekai Sen, May-June 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 3, pp. 274–277 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    DISCUSSION OF “Type Curves for Large-Diameter Wells Near Barriers,” by Zekai Sen, May-June 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 3, pp. 274–277 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    DISCUSSION OF “Shades of Immortality (Where Do We Hang the Plaque?)” by Truman Bennett, July-August 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 4, pp. 390–392 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    A Numerical Model Study of Ground-Water Contamination from Price's Landfill, New Jersey — II. Sensitivity Analysis and Contaminant Plume Simulation (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A numerical model of flow and transport in the vicinity of Price's Landfill and the Atlantic City public water-supply wells is used to estimate the extent of the existing contamination problem. Model parameters such as boundary conditions, pumping rates, permeability, and dispersivity are varied to demonstrate the sensitivity of the model to these quantities. A historical simulation of the past ten years of contamination is obtained and two schemes for remediation of the contamination problem are compared. In the light of this work, additional data requirements are revealed.
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    LAND-USE CONTROL: AN IMPORTANT PIECE OF THE GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PUZZLE (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by Adrian P. Visocky, Ellis W. Sanderson, James P. Gibb, Richard J. Schicht, and Robert T. Sasman, of “Shades of Immortality (Where Do We Hang the Plaque?)” (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    A New Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SCN−, and I− at Sub-ppm Levels in Ground Water (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection is shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for analysis of some common anions in water. Sensitivity of measurement is approximately 50 ppb for NO−2, NO−3, Br−, I−, and SCN− while Cl− has a detection limit in the one to ten ppm range. Chromatograms require 8 to 13 minutes to complete. Analyses are performed on either of two stationary phases (Whatman SAX 10 μm or Brownlee anion exchange) depending on the anions of interest in the analysis and their interferences.
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    Application of Resistivity Surveys to Regional Hydrogeologic Reconnaissance (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Vertical electrical soundings using DC resistivity methods have been completed along over 60 miles of survey lines in southwest Florida. The resistivity soundings were obtained in order to outline major hydrogeologic features as part of a regional hydrogeologic investigation covering approximately 400 square miles. The two significant hydrogeologic features which can be effectively mapped on a regional scale by DC methods are the presence of shallow, high resistivity limestones associated with late Tertiary reef complexes, and the approximate depth to waters with TDS concentrations well above the potable water limits. The reef limestones commonly exhibit very high transmissivities and are potential sites for ground-water development. The approximate thickness of potable waters allows resource investigations to be limited to the most promising areas and a rough assessment of the total resource to be made for long-term planning. The interpretation and mapping of the resistivity section is accomplished through published resistivity inversion and computer graphics programs. This automated data processing produces resistivity maps and sections without requiring extensive geophysical training of the interpreter. The automatic interpretations compare well with more traditional master curve interpretation procedures, and have the same limitations with equivalence of solutions and geologic correlation, but are produced with considerably less effort.
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    THE APPLICATION OF A MICROCOMPUTER IN THE ANALYSIS OF PUMPING TEST DATA IN CONFINED AQUIFERS (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: With an Apple II microcomputer it is possible to rapidly generate and graphically compare theoretical time-drawdown curves with field data from pumping tests in confined aquifers. This technique has the advantage over standard curve-matching methods in that any solution can be tested over the complete range of field data.
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    Hydrogeologic Control of Localized Iron-Enriched Ground Water, Lima, Ohio (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Entrenchment and subsequent filling of a glacial valley have led to localization of iron-enriched ground water in the Silurian carbonate aquifer at the Vistron plant, Lima, Ohio. All production wells are open exclusively to the carbonate aquifer. Water from the saturated glacial deposits of relatively low permeability and high ironcontent is drawn laterally into the more permeable carbonate aquifer containing water with relatively low concentrations of iron. Wells closest to the saturated glacial deposits yield water with iron concentrations greater than 1.4 milligrams per liter. These wells, in the southwestern part of the site, apparently form a sink preventing iron-enriched water from migrating into other pumping wells in the central and northern parts of the area.Iron concentrations have not increased in individual wells between 1971 and 1981. They are not expected to increase in the central and northern wells as long as about 20% of the plant's ground water is withdrawn from at least two of the southwestern wells.
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    Nitrate Distribution in the Ground Water of the Alliston Region of Ontario, Canada (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Nitrate-N concentrations during the Summers of 1980 and 1981 exceeded 10 mg/1 in 68 of the 164 ground-water samples collected from a shallow water-table aquifer underlying a sand plain near Alliston, Ontario. Three extensive zones of nitrate contamination were associated with major potato-growing areas on the sand plain. Nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with both the percentage area of heavily fertilized crops (potatoes, corn, sod and asparagus) and nitrogen fertilizer application rates in the vicinity of ground-water sampling sites. Chloride levels in ground water exhibited a positive association with KCl fertilizer application rates. Ground water under potato fields had relatively consistent C1/NO3-N ratios despite considerable variations in nitrate-N and chloride concentrations. Ground water with a low nitrate content was found beneath forest and permanent pasture. These data suggest that the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizer is a major source of nitrate in the aquifer.
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    GROUND-WATER DISPERSION CALCULATIONS WITH A PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. A simple and convenient method for calculating two-dimensional dispersion on a TI 58 or 59 programmable calculator utilizing the normal distribution program available in the Solid State Software Master Library module as a subroutine is presented with an example.
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    The Use of Geophysical Logs for Determining Formation Water Quality (1986)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In situ water-quality measurements, with respect to various ion and dissolved solids concentrations, have been closely approximated using open-hole borehole geophysical logs. Analyses have shown good correlation between water resistivity (Rw, as determined from the logs) and dominant ion concentrations sampled from a wide range of water quality in Tertiary carbonate and granular formations.Rw can be accurately determined by cross-plotting saturated formation resistivity (Ro), obtained from normal or lateral resistivity logs, against formation bulk porosity from neutron, density, or acoustic velocity logs. Plotting these data on Hingle Resistivity-Porosity Cross Plot (RPCP) paper with the proper matrix cementation factor (m, commonly 1.4 for unconsolidated sands or 1.6 for noncompacted Tertiary carbonates), will yield a graphical solution for Rw based upon the relationship Rw=φm Ro. The graphical technique also provides information concerning water-quality variations with depth, true matric resistivity, location of confining beds, and vertical changes in formation porosity.Once Rw has been determined, other ion concentrations can be estimated based upon chemical analyses of water samples from adjacent wells tapping a similar type water mass (i.e., calcium-bicarbonate, sodium-chloride water, etc.). Total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sulfate, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and hardness (as CaCO3) concentrations have consistently shown a high correlation with Rw.
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    Approximating Pollutant Transport to Ground Water (1982)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Three simplistic models are developed for evaluating the transport of organic pollutants through soil to ground water. The models consider mobility and first-order degradation. The first calculates linear sorption/desorption of the pollutant and first-order degradation without considering dispersion. The second is similar to the first but also considers dispersion. The third considers nonlinear sorption following a Freundlich equation and first-order degradation but does not consider dispersion. The models are compared to field data for the pesticides aldicarb and DDT. The models projected a lower mobility for DDT than was observed in the field.
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    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by J. H. Tellam of “Pumping Tests in Patchy Aquifers” (1982)
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    Design Considerations for Earth Linings for Seepage Control (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Darcy's equation and unsaturated-flow theory are used to calculate flow through earth linings that are placed in ponds or channels to reduce seepage. The procedure utilizes the relation between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and pressure head of the underlying material as calculated from the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity and the relation between water content and pressure head. The method enables the selection of the liner (thickness and hydraulic conductivity) that will keep seepage below a certain maximum limit. Since the hydraulic conductivity of clays is affected by the cationic composition and the salt concentration of the soil solution, the chemical composition of the liquid moving through the liner must be taken into account. This applies also to other chemicals, including solvents and other organic compounds that may be in the water. Travel times of water from the surface impoundment to the underlying ground water are calculated from the seepage rate and the corresponding water content in the vadose zone. Accumulation of solids (mine tailings, for example) can further reduce the seepage from the pond. Proper design of waste-water ponds also requires analysis of the response of the underlying ground water (mound buildup) and the movement of pollutants in the vadose zone and aquifer. In view of the high costs of earth liners, prediction of the seepage is necessary to make sure that the selected lining material, the thickness of the liner itself, and the method of construction will produce the desired results.
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    Inverse Problem in Ground Water: Model Development (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A model to solve the inverse problem in ground water has been developed. The model consists of an unconstrained multivariable optimization algorithm and a ground-water simulation model. The optimization algorithm is a modified version of Newton's second derivative method. It is a ground-water-specific algorithm and was found to be more efficient than other more general unconstrained optimization algorithms requiring first- and/or second-order derivatives and those requiring no derivatives. The groundwater simulation model is based on a finite-difference technique but it can be replaced easily by a finite-element model. The results of an application of this model to a real aquifer are discussed in a companion paper titled “Inverse Problem in Ground Water: Model Application.”
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    Numerical Simulation of Thermal Energy Storage Experiment Conducted by Auburn University (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A multidimensional, finite-difference model for ground-water flow and heat transport is used to analyze the thermal energy storage experiment conducted by Auburn University in Mobile, Alabama. The experiment consisted of three stages–namely, injection, storage and recovery occurring for 80, 51 and 41 days, respectively. This application demonstrates the validation evidence that the model adequately and accurately simulates the field experiment. The numerical model includes the effects of: hydraulic anisotropy, thermal convection and conduction, and heat loss to the adjacent confining strata. Observed aquifer isotherms at the end of each stage are compared with predicted values on a cylindrical grid situated about the well. The degree of vertical discretization used in the model is shown to impact the predicted temperature profiles at each stage, but has minimal effect on the recovery water temperature.
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    Use of a Numerical Ground-Water Flow Model for Hypothesis Testing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Field studies along the southeastern shore of Trout Lake, Wisconsin, documented the presence of downward hydraulic gradients in a known discharge area as well as an anomalous distribution of seepage to the lakebed which deviates significantly from the generally accepted dogma that ground-water seepage rates decrease exponentially with distance from shore. A numerical ground-water model facilitated identification of the hydrologic control, namely the presence of a unit of high hydraulic conductivity, that accounts for the anomalous data, and is important for understanding the dynamics of the flow system. Field data including seepage measurements, visual inspection of lakebed materials and springs, and information obtained during drilling, indicate that a lens of coarse-grained material intersects the lake. However, the significance of the coarsegrained material was not fully appreciated until a ground-water model was used to simulate the flow system. The model indicated that the presence of the coarse-grained lens has a marked effect on the flow pattern in the nearshore area causing downward hydraulic gradients which divert ground water into the lens and cause the occurrence of a localized high-seepage area offshore where the lens intersects the lake. The numerical model predicts the anomalous seepage distribution noted in the field and the downward hydraulic gradients demonstrating that numerical models are practical tools for interpreting field data and for use in hypothesis testing.
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    Parameter Identification of a Ground-Water Contaminant Transport Model (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A parameter identification (PI) procedure is developed and implemented with the United States Geological Survey's Method of Characteristics (USGS-MOC) model. The PI procedure can be used to estimate selected model parameters from limited observations by quadratic programming. The code combining the PI procedure and the USGS-MOC model has been tested by two numerical examples from a hypothetical aquifer. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can identify transmissivity and dispersivity accurately under ideal situations. The effects of using a simple characterization of the aquifer on parameter estimation and model are shown. Because of the improved efficiency in model calibration, extended application to field conditions is encouraged. However, it is cautioned that the interested users should be aware of the difficulties in field applications of PI, and it is recommended that sound engineering and scientific judgements are always needed in the use of the proposed, or any other PI method.
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    A Simplified Analysis of Two-Well Tracer Tests in Stratified Aquifers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper illustrates several interesting effects of aquifer stratification on the results of two-well tracer tests by means of a simplified computer model. In the model, it is assumed that the aquifer is horizontal, confined, of constant thickness and porosity, and perfectly stratified in the vicinity of the test wells. The nonuniform advection pattern is taken into account in detail by the model, but the local hydrodynamic dispersion is completely neglected. This simplified model has been verified in part by comparisons with available analytical solutions valid for homogeneous aquifers and in part by comparisons with the results of a two-well field experiment of Pickens and Grisak (1981a) which was performed in a locally stratified aquifer. The applications of the model to several field situations with assumed values of the relevant parameters show that the concentration versus time breakthrough curve measured at the withdrawal well during a standard two-well test would be very sensitive to variations of the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical. Without the use of supplementary observation wells with isolated multilevel sampling points, the standard test would give little useful information about the hydraulic and dispersive characteristics of an aquifer. Factors such as the length of the tracer injection period, the use of recirculation and the physical size of the experiment all have a strong effect on the breakthrough curve measured at the withdrawal well, making the interpretation of field results difficult unless aquifer stratification is measured and properly taken into account.
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    Type Curves for Large-Diameter Wells Near Barriers (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The author has used the concept of depression cone volume to derive type curve equations for large-diameter wells in aquifers of finite extent. Comparisons with the corresponding type curves in an infinitely extensive aquifer have been given. These solutions are based on joint exploitation of the ground-water movement equation (Darcy's law) and the continuity equation for large-diameter wells.
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    Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Ground Water from Clogging and Nonclogging Shallow Wells in the Netherlands River Region (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The majority of well fields in the river region in the Netherlands, where anaerobic water is withdrawn from the shallow aquifer, have problems with well clogging. In order to test the supposition that sulfate-reducing bacteria play a role in this clogging process, sulfate-reducing bacteria in water from wells on well fields with and without the occurrence of clogging were enumerated. In water withdrawn from nonclogging wells, the Most Probable Number of sulfate-reducing bacteria averaged 5 per 100 ml, whereas in wells subject to clogging, the number averaged 25 per 100 ml. A statistical analysis by Wilcoxon's order test confirmed that a significant difference exists between the numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria in clogging and nonclogging wells. The mechanism whereby sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute towards this type of well clogging is as yet unclear.
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    Analysis of Leaky Aquifer Pumping Test Data: An Automated Numerical Solution Using Sensitivity Analysis (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The Kansas Geological Survey is pursuing an effort to automate some of the more common methods of aquifer pumping-test analysis. This paper discusses the results of work done on the leaky artesian aquifer as defined by Hantush and Jacob (1955). The paper covers the basic theory of the aquifer type, the numerical solution of the leaky artesian-well function, and the methodology of achieving the “best fit” parameters in the least squares' sense. Several data sets are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. These examples indicate the generally satisfactory results produced by the automated analysis documented here.The algorithm has good convergence properties. Initial estimates for the aquifer parameters may vary by about three orders of magnitude above or below the correct values. For typical data sets the rms fitting error should be less than a few tenths of a foot. If this is not the case, one is probably not dealing with a simple leaky aquifer. This method of pumping-test analysis does not eliminate the role of an experienced hydrologist to define the local hydrogeology and aquifer type. However, once the decision is made as to which aquifer configuration is being observed, this program will, in a quick and unbiased fashion, give an accurate assessment of the leaky-aquifer parameters within the limits of the theoretical approximations and the data quality.
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    HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS NEAR SOUTH CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    DISCUSSION OF “Field Reports—Bottom-Entry Large-Diameter Wells,” by Robert G. Thomas, January-February 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 1, pp. 96–98 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    DISCUSSION OF “Ground-Water Flow Systems and Stability of a Slope,” by Robert J. Sterrett and Tuncer B. Edil, January-February 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 1, pp. 5–11 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    A COMPACT MODIFIED THREE-DIMENSIONAL AQUIFER SIMULATION PROGRAM FOR SMALL COMPUTERS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The software for simulation of the three-dimensional ground-water flow, developed by Trescott (1975), is executable only on bigger machines with large memory capacities. To popularize the sophisticated software for easily accessible small machines, the organization is restructured and various programming facilities are availed. The new design is tested with an earlier quoted example. The program requires about 11K bytes of memory as against 72K bytes of the original program on IBM/370. The methodology borne out of the present work to implement large programs for small computers is presented along with the modified code.
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    CORRECTION (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    RESPONSE TO the preceding Reply by Robert G. Thomas of “Bottom-Entry Large-Diameter Wells” (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    NEW DIRECTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL GROUND-WATER RESEARCH (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Heat Storage in Aquifers Analyzed by the Finite Element Method (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In the design of ground-water heat pump systems the quantitative analysis of heat transport and heat storage is of great interest. A unified finite element approach to the transient nonlinear heat transport and heat storage problem is presented. The theory presented includes nonlinear physical properties and boundary conditions, coupled conductive and convective heat flow, freezing (phase change), and time-dependent heat input and output. The given theory is applied to two problems. The first problem is a transient study during a few years of heat storage in saturated clay. A pure conductive theory is used due to the small amount of convective water flow in clay. The second problem deals with transient heat transport in an aquifer according to coupled conduction-convection theory on a one-dimensional model problem.
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    Hydrogeology of Pipeline Canyon, Near Gallup, New Mexico (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The principal water-bearing units (in descending stratigraphie order) in Pipeline Canyon are the alluvium, the Dilco Coal Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation, the Torrivio Sandstone Member of the Gallup Formation, and the Upper and Lower Gallup Sandstones. Presently, the alluvium is recharged by a perennial, southward-flowing stream sustained by mine dewatering discharge in addition to natural precipitation and runoff. Localized infiltration has created ground-water mounds in the alluvium. Artesian conditions may exist in sandstone units which are adjacent and hydraulically connected to the alluvium in these areas. Basement faults have produced the Fort Wingate and Pipeline Canyon lineaments which intersect in the area of investigation. Fault-related fracturing of the sandstones allows for significant ground-water recharge via the overlying alluvium. Flow in the sedimentary formations is generally to the northeast, while the alluvial system flows to the southwest. The natural water quality for the aquifers in the area is dominated by sodium and sulfate ions. However, complete characterization of the natural water quality is complex because of ground-water contamination by acidic tailings fluids from a local uranium mill.
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    Calculation of Velocity in Three Space Dimensions from Hydraulic Head Measurements (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper describes a systematic and straightforward method for the estimation of velocity components in three dimensions from hydraulic head data. Groups of four measurement points are connected to form tetrahedrons, and a linear interpolation scheme is used to obtain a head gradient estimate for each tetrahedron. Application of Darcy's law then yields the desired velocity component values. A sample calculation and comparison between this method and a two-dimensional approach are also included.
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    DISCUSSION OF “Kd's – Can They Be Used to Describe Reversible Ion Sorption Reactions in Contaminant Migration?” by E. J. Reardon, May-June 1981 issue, v. 19, no. 3, pp. 279–286 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by R. J. Serne of “Kd's—Can They Be Used to Describe Reversible Ion Sorption Reactions in Contaminant Migration?” (1982)
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    Evaluation of a Chimney Drain Design in an Earthfill Dam (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Two earthfill sections of Wallace Dam on the Oconee River near Eatonton, Georgia were constructed with vertical drainage filters (chimney drains) in a clay fill zone. In order to evaluate the performance of the filter in the west dike of Wallace Dam, the finite element Galerkin method was utilized in formulating a numerical model to study the steady-state saturated-unsaturated seepage characteristics through the earth dam. The resulting model is applied to Station 58+00 of the west dike of Wallace Dam. Numerical results for the four cases analyzed in this study describe the location of the zero pressure isobar and total hydraulic head values ranging from 425 feet (130 m) to 365 feet (111 m). Model results indicate a maximum seepage velocity of 2.62 feet per day (0.80 m/day) using a saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 0.283 foot per day (8.64 cm/day). A maximum seepage rate is calculated to be 0.266 cubic foot per second (7.52 × 10−3 m3/sec). Analysis of the hydrostatic uplift forces along the base of the dam indicates an average pressure head reduction of 51 feet (16 m) from the upstream to the downstream side of the dam. Comparison of local seepage velocities to the critical seepage velocity upstream of the filter and inside the filter indicate a factor of safety against piping (a factor of safety against a quick condition arising in the soil) ranging from 0.3 to 3.7.
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    Ground-Water Network Design for Northwest Kansas, Using the Theory of Regionalized Variables (1982)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The ground-water observation well network in many parts of Kansas has been developed and expanded through the years without serious attempt to determine the adequacy of the network for any specified purpose or to assess its cost effectiveness. This study was undertaken to examine the existing well network in northwest Kansas and to determine the arrangement that offers the most satisfactory accuracy for the purpose of monitoring it. To achieve this goal, we have employed the theory of regionalized variables to estimate the amount of spatial variability of the water table. The error analysis produced by universal kriging indicates that a significant reduction in the number of wells could be achieved by employing a regular 4-mile (6.4-km) network, without affecting the present level of accuracy. It also indicates that it is not practical to reduce the estimation error in the water-table surface uniformly throughout the region because to do so would increase the cost of monitoring wells drastically. For example, reducing the presently existing error by 50 percent throughout the area would require 16 times more wells than the currently existing well network.
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    Ground-Water Development in Western River Basins: Large Economic Gains with Unseen Costs (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In river basins where aquifers are closely interrelated with a stream, large-scale ground-water development can lower water tables near the stream and diminish stream flows. Junior surface right holders are adversely affected. A digital computer simulation of the hydrologic-economic system on the lower South Platte River in Colorado is employed to study economic impacts of two water management policies. Open access management is found to yield high income benefits but imposes substantial costs on surface-water users when water supplies are limited. Incorporation of ground water into the appropriation system can help avoid the losses to surface-water users, but greatly reduces the income of ground-water users.
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    CAVITY WELL (1982)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    Ground-Water Management in Basalts (1982)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Basalts are a major source of ground water throughout the Columbia River Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest. Development and management of ground water in these basalts are complicated by the spatial variability of the hydrologic characteristics of the deep, stratified lava flows, but new irrigation developments and municipal and industrial water needs are placing increasingly larger demands on the ground-water resource. Water management decisions are aided by individual basin studies that contribute to greater understanding of the regional ground-water system. A distributed-system multiple-storage model for the Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, reveals the magnitude of spatial differences in ground-water recharge, storage, and discharge for this watershed. Input-output analysis elucidates the functional characteristics of the basin groundwater system, and it identifies the presence and magnitude of interbasin linkages in the ground-water system. Implementation of ground-water development strategies based on storage and transmission characteristics simulated by the model demonstrates that basin or regional perspectives are necessary to fully utilize ground-water storage in basalts.
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    AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SLUG TESTS IN SMALL-DIAMETER PIEZOMETERS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: . The use of a small packer in slug tests can improve the quality of time versus head level measurements, particularly during the important early stages of the test. The packer is placed in the piezometer below the static water level and inflated. Water is then added to the piezometer until it is full to the top of the casing. The packer is deflated and the times for the water level to reach selected depths are measured with an electric sonde.
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    AUTOMATED DERIVATION OF PARAMETERS IN A NONLEAKY CONFINED AQUIFER WITH TRANSIENT FLOW (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: .Values of transmissivity and storage commonly are derived for a nonleaky confined aquifer by manual curve matching of pumping-test data. Automatic matching of pumping-test data with the Theis type curve is possible using the method of least squares, provided the Cooper-Jacob approximation of the well function W(u) is considered. A FORTRAN program was developed to carry out this automated matching. Results derived from published data show that the method gives parameters close to the ones derived by the standard method of manual curve matching.
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    OVER VIEW OF GROUND-WATER AVAILABLITY IN THE UNITED STATE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01964.x
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    POLLYANNA? NO — REALISTIC OPTIMIST? YES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01505.x
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    Septic Tank Density and Ground-Water Contamination (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: As more and more cases of ground-water contamination are reported, the public has become increasingly aware of the importance of preserving the quality of this limited resource, especially in areas totally dependent on ground-water sources. Although most of the attention is focused on pollution by organic chemicals, these compounds are responsible for a relatively small percentage of ground-water-related disease outbreaks. The majority of waterborne disease outbreaks are caused by bacteria and viruses present in domestic sewage. Septic tanks contribute the largest volume of waste water, 800 billion gallons per year to the subsurface, and are the most frequently reported cause of ground-water contamination associated with disease outbreaks. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated areas with septic tank densities of greater than 40 systems per mi2 (1 system per 16 acres) as regions of potential ground-water contamination. Numerous cases of ground-water contamination have been reported in areas of high septic tank density; lot sizes in these areas range from less than one-quarter acre to three acres. The single most important means of limiting ground-water contamination by septic tanks is to restrict the density of these systems in an area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01506.x
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    A Hydraulic Trap for Preventing Collector Well Contamination: A Case Study (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A hydraulic trap in the form of a purge well is proposed for the Forwell collector well K-71. The trap, which will protect well K-71 from contamination by contaminants migrating downgradient from the old Breslube waste disposal site, is based on a qualitative flow net obtained from a finite-element model of the Forwell Aquifer. The trap constitutes pumping at the position of observation well OW 9-80 at a continuous rate of at least 6.1 X 10-3 m3/s. The uniqueness of the trap lies in its simplicity and relatively low cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01508.x
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  • 80
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    Use of Rain and Dry Deposition Compositions for Interpreting Ground-Water Chemistry (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Waters from 91 springs in a 130 X 140 km area of west-central Arkansas were analyzed for all the major ions. The yearly flux of these ions in the rain and pure-water extract of the dry deposition 180 km north of this area was measured and assumed to represent the composition of the recharge to the ground water feeding the springs. Cation/Cl-flux ratios were used as a norm for the concentration of ions in the spring waters by evapotranspiration. Ratios above the norm were interpreted as ion exchange or rock dissolution into the ground waters. Ratios below the norm were interpreted as ion adsorption or, for Ca2+, CaCO3 precipitation processes. Na+ and Mg2+ are invariably above the norm. K+, NH+4 and H+ are invariably below the norm; whereas Ca2+ values are about equally divided between above and below the norm. Equivalents of cations above the norm and below the norm were compared for a number of springs to determine the main ground-water processes for each spring. The Na+/Cl- and K+/Cl- norms for the rain water form near-perfect minimum and maximum envelopes, respectively, of the Na+ vs Cl- plots of the spring-water compositions. This is due to the adsorption affinities of the soil for Na+ being low, and for K+ being high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01509.x
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  • 81
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    Ground-Water Model of Two-Phase Immiscible Flow in Coarse Material (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A numerical model was developed to simulate the behavior of two-phase immiscible fluids in ground-water systems for specific application to hydrocarbon spills and leaks. The model is a two-dimensional areal flow model using the finite-element method. A verification of the numerical model was performed using both an approximate analytical solution and a laboratory investigation. The verification results show that the numerical model adequately describes the behavior of immiscible two-phase flow within a coarse porous material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01510.x
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  • 82
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    Analysis of Flow to a Large-Diameter Well During the Recovery Period (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Unsteady flow to a large-diameter well in a confined aquifer during recovery has been analyzed by discrete kernel approach. A family of type curves has been presented for different durations of pumping. These type curves provide a fairly accurate means of determining aquifer parameters from data of pump tests conducted in a large-diameter well. The replenishment of well storage at various times has been estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01513.x
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  • 83
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    The Use of Hydrogeochemical Patterns in Carbonate Sand and Sandstone Aquifers to Identify Intrusion and Flushing of Saline Water (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Chemical analyses of wells penetrating the coastal aquifer of Israel indicate that the relative concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and hydrogen species deviate considerably from the ideal mixing line between fresh water and sea water, as represented by the concentration of chlorides. Furthermore, deviation patterns were found to be distinctly different for areas of present sea-water intrusion, and areas from which ancient brines are still flushed. These differences, explainable in major part as the combined effects of cation exchange and carbonate equilibria, can in turn be utilized to distinguish between invading and retreating saline-water bodies, and identify their existence at the very beginning of the salinization process. Observed patterns are verified here in major part, with the aid of a single-cell simulation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01512.x
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  • 84
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    Relationship of Geology, Physiography, Agricultural Land Use, and Ground-Water Quality in Southwest Georgia (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Water samples were collected from 34 wells in the Claiborne aquifer in southwest Georgia. Land use/cover is principally forest, wetland, or agriculture. The aquifer is exposed surficially to the northwest but dips beneath confining beds to the southeast. The Claiborne aquifer is generally a fine- to medium-grained quartz sand becoming more calcareous downdip and to the east. Well water was analyzed in the field for pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, and temperature, and in the laboratory for Cl, NH4, NO3, total N, total P, ortho-P, SO4, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe. Hardness gradually increases from 5 mg/1 updip to 162 mg/1 downdip and bicarbonate alkalinity follows the same trend reflecting variations in the aquifer lithology. Higher than normal nitrate concentrations (4-6 mg/1) are found in ground water in the exposed updip portion of the aquifer in areas where agricultural land use for cropland is high. However, in forest-covered areas, ground water in the exposed portion of the aquifer contains nitrate concentrations similar to the confined areas of the aquifer: less than 1 mg/1. Other chemical constituents measured do not show a discernible pattern of variation. One well near a fertilizer storage facility contains nitrate concentrations exceeding the Safe Drinking Water Standards, and other wells in the agricultural portion of the outcrop belt may seasonally exceed these limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01511.x
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    THE OGALLALA STORY — WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03511.x
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  • 86
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    The Use of Ground-Water Flow Models for Estimating Lake Seepage Rates (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground-water flow models developed for the flow systems around Bass Lake and Nepco Lake, Wisconsin, show that models can be useful tools for estimating lake seepage rates. A two-dimensional profile model for Bass Lake illustrates that the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer around the lake is related to both the magnitude of vertical hydraulic gradients near the lake and the distribution of seepage from the lake as a function of distance from shore. The model also shows that it is important to know the vertical hydraulic conductivity of littoral lake-bed sediments to estimate lake seepage rates.A three-dimensional model constructed for an unusual ground-water flow system around Nepco Lake provides a more realistic simulation of the flow system than does a comparable two-dimensional model. Both models were useful for identifying additional data that could be used to quantify the ground-water portion of the lake's water budget more accurately. It is suggested that a combination of two-and/or three-dimensional models could be used to estimate seepage rates at many lakes for which sufficient data exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03515.x
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  • 87
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    Management of Ground Water Contaminated by Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquifer Supplying Ames, Iowa (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A digital model of a buried channel aquifer contaminated by hydrocarbons is used to evaluate development alternatives. The response to ground-water pumping is critical because the hydrocarbons cause taste and odor problems. The source of contamination is an abandoned pit used to dispose of coal tar residues from an old coal-gas plant. The hydrocarbon residues overflowed the pit, migrated a short distance and seeped into flood plain soils. The downward movement of the hydrocarbons stopped at the water table but some dissolved into the ground water. Three general approaches taken to evaluate management alternatives include: (1) regulation of pumping of the city wells and of drawdown, and recovery periods are considered and the model stressed with various pumping rates and times; (2) construction of a pumping trough barrier is considered and a hypothetical control well is simulated; (3) new well field developments in various locations are considered. Results suggest that there is no way to prevent movement of contaminants to the well field. The only feasible solution is the removal of coal tar residues from the source area and construction of a pumping trough barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03519.x
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    REPLY TO the preceeding Discussion by Robert Timmons of “An All-Teflon® Bailer and Air-Driven Pump for Evacuating Small-Diameter Ground-Water Wells” (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03523.x
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    Hydrologic Testing of Tight Zones in Southeastern New Mexico (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Increased attention is being directed toward the investigation of tight zones in relation to the storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. Shut-in tests, slug tests, and pressure-slug tests are being used at the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, located in southeastern New Mexico, to evaluate the fluid-transmitting properties of several zones above the proposed repository zone. Apparatus used to conduct these tests includes a pressure-transducer system connected to a recording device at the land surface. All three testing methods were used in various combinations to obtain values for the hydraulic properties of the test zones. Multiple testing on the same zone produced similar results. Transmissivities determined by these tests range from 0.00001 to 10 feet squared per day (.000001 to 1 meter squared per day).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03498.x
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    Aquifer Decontamination for Volatile Organics: A Case History (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Organic solvents, including 1,1,1-trichloroethane at concentrations up to 40,000 ppb, were detected in the Old Bridge aquifer under an industrial plant in South Brunswick Township, New Jersey. A hydrogeologic investigation defined the ground-water flow system and a plume of contamination which extended, at a concentration of at least 100 ppb, for a distance of about 1000 feet down-gradient of the plant. A contamination abatement system was designed and installed to prevent this plume from reaching a municipal well located about 2500 feet from the site. The system includes seven extraction wells and a water treatment facility. The locations of the extraction wells and their combined pumping rate were determined in part by a computer simulation of the aquifer, which was subsequently checked by a 20-day pumping test of the system. The on-site treatment facility uses two cooling towers in series to air-strip the volatile organics, and two infiltration ponds to return the treated water to the aquifer. The abatement system has been operating for about 10 months. Ground-water monitoring results show that the plume is now significantly smaller and less concentrated than before the abatement system was installed. It is projected that in several years the aquifer will be largely decontaminated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03500.x
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    REPLY TO the preceeding Discussion by Jerry Thornhill of “Guest Editorial — A Closer Look at Deep Well Disposal of Wastes” (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03509.x
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  • 92
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    Yield Verification of a Dolomite Aquifer in Northeast Illinois (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Pumpage from shallow aquifers, primarily dolomite bedrock, in northeastern Illinois has exceeded estimates of ground-water recharge in extensive areas creating concern that ground-water recharge estimates are too low. Pumpage increased 92 percent during the period 1966-1978 and was 61.7 million gallons per day (2.33 × 108 liters/day) during 1978. During the period 1966-1979 water level declines exceeded 30 feet (9.14 meters) in some areas. Based on a ground-water budget study, it was determined that recharge estimates were in the right order of magnitude and pumpage in excess of recharge was balanced by water taken out of storage from the shallow aquifers. A specific yield of 0.017 was determined for the dolomite bedrock aquifer based on the ground-water budget study.
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    Laboratory Investigation and Analysis of a Ground-Water Flowmeter (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The ground-water flowmeter system, model 3OL, manufactured by K-V Associates Inc., Falmouth, Massachusetts was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of slotted pipe schedule, slot orientation, backfill materials, endcap bags, isolated regions of high hydraulic conductivity, and channelization near the slotted pipe wall was measured. The physical concept of the flow-meter in an ideal configuration was analyzed, and with the aid of an analytical model, the significance of the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and backfill materials is clarified. Results indicate that the basic instrument response is linear, consistent, and predictable qualitatively in a laboratory environment. Analysis and measurements show clearly that very small channelization around a slotted pipe casing or between the slotted pipe and the probe endcap can invalidate the instrument response. Additional potential complications arise due to unknown permeability contrasts between the aquifer matrix and the material used to backfill around the probe.
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    Movement of Volatile Organics Through a Fractured Rock Aquifer (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In response to the detection of contaminants in several municipal water supply wells in a northern New Jersey community, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) undertook a detailed assessment of the movement of volatile organics through the Brunswick fractured rock aquifer. Understanding the directional or anisotropic behavior of ground-water flow within the aquifer proved to be a crucial factor for identification of the sources of contamination. Since the ground-water flow occurs in a direction predominantly parallel to the strike of the aquifer, the resulting distribution of contaminants allowed the differentiation of two overlapping plumes, each over 4,000 feet in length and each emerging from discrete adjacent sources.The investigations and subsequent cleanup agreements between the NJDEP and the responsible parties allowed savings of several million dollars for the U.S. EPA's Super-fund Program which otherwise would have been used for cleanup of the site. The privately funded cleanup program includes treatment of the affected municipal wells and on-site remedial actions designed to fully restore the aquifer within 10 years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01499.x
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    CORRECTION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01502.x
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  • 96
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    Estimating Vertical Soil Moisture Flux at a Land Treatment Site (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Estimation of rates of contaminant movement at land treatment sites requires accurate measurements of water movement through the soil zone. A moisture balance method that employs the zero flux plane concept and several simplifying assumptions about saturated and unsaturated flow conditions gives reasonable estimates of evapotranspiration and percolation fluxes when applied to a land treatment site in central coastal California. The technique requires measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of field soils as well as soil matric suction and moisture content at regular time intervals. Replicate monitoring clusters for matrix suction and moisture content are necessary in spatially variable soils but a detailed knowledge of the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity is not warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    CORRECTION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01503.x
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    Simulated Salt-Water Movement in the Nakhon Luang Aquifer, Bangkok, Thailand (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Analytical and numerical modeling procedures based on the hydrodynamic dispersion were used to analyze the salt-water contamination problem in the Nakhon Luang aquifer underlying the City of Bangkok. A preliminary evaluation is performed for the approximate locations of the contaminating sources, and its rate and pattern of encroachment are predicted under different operating conditions in the future to assist in planning an efficient and economic monitoring network. The contaminating source is widespread and is located on the western side of the Chao Phraya River. With the present trend of pumping, the rate of encroachment is greatest from the northwest direction towards the main pumping center. The study indicates the advantage of performing one-dimensional model analysis prior to attempting two-dimensional regional analysis, particularly in cases where the initial chloride concentration distribution is unknown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01501.x
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    TOLERANCE OF WATER WITCHING RHETORIC IS REPREHENSIBLE! (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb00773.x
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    “Comparison of Aquifer Characteristics Derived form Local and Regional Aquifer Tests,” by R. B. Randolph, R.E. Krause, and M. L. Maslia, (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01504.x
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