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  • 1
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    Geologische und geomagnetische Untersuchungen am Pfahlberg, einem quartärenVulkan im rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirge (1989)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Die Verbreitung der basaltischen Gesteine im Bereich des Pfahlberges wurde geologisch kartiert. Die verschiedenen Gesteinstypen werden detailliert beschrieben. Die geomagnetische Untersuchung des basaltischen Körpers wird an Hand von 7 Profilen erläutert. Mit Hilfe der Geomagnetik wurden einerseits die Ergebnisse der geologischen Kartierung bestätigt, zum anderen konnte eine Fortsetzung des Basaltes unter jüngerer Löß- und Bimsbedeckung nachgewiesen werden. Die Genese des Pfahlberges wird diskutiert. Der Basalt ist vermutlich vorwiegend als Lavastrom ausgetreten. Teilweise ist er lagergangartig zwischen seinen Tuff und das devonische Grundgebirge eingedrungen.
    Description: Abstract: The distribution of the basaltic rocks within the region of the Pfahlberg was mapped geologically. The different rock types are described in detail. The geomagnetical investigation of the basaltic knob is illustrated by seven cross-sections. By support of the geomagnetics the results of the geological mapping are verified. It was also possible to prove the continuation of the basalt below the younger cover of loess and pumice. The genesis of the Pfahlberg is discussed. Probably the basalt is especially flown out as a lava river. Partly it is intruded dikelike between its tuff and the devonian basement.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Lage und Morphologie des Pfahlberges 3. Geologischer Überblick 4. Vulkanismus im Westerwald 5. Basaltvorkommen des Pfahlberges 5.1. Pyroklastische Gesteine 5.2. Basalt-Gesteine 6. Geomagnetische Untersuchungen6 7. Genese des Pfahlberges
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ; Westerwald ; TK 5511 ; Geomagnetik ; Vulkanismus ; Quartär
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Die Makrofloren des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden (? Ober-Karbon - Unter-Perm; SW-Deutschland) (1985)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Ein kurzer Abriß der paläobotanischen Forschungsgeschichte des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden wird gegeben; ein Überblick über ältere Bestandsaufnahmen saarpfälzischer Rotliegendfloren schließt sich an. Einige der von Weiss (1868, 1869 bis 1872) und Florin (1938-1945) angegebenen Fundorte wurden in die von Boy & Fichter (1982) publizierte neue lithostratigraphische Gliederung des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden eingestuft; ihre Floreninhalte sind aufgelistet. Sämtliche den Verfassern bekannte bzw. bekannnt gewordenen, heute noch zugänglichen Pflanzenlagerstätten sind ebenfalls in das Schema von Boy & Fichter (1982) stratigraphisch eingestuft worden, und ihre Floreninhalte sind in Tabellen angegeben. Zusätzlich wird eine aktualisierte Florenliste zu der (seit längerem bearbeiteten) Lokalität Sobernheim geliefert. Im Tafelteil werden die wichtigsten Florenelemente des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden abgebildet, der Begleittext behandelt Fragen der Taxonomie und Nomenklatur.
    Description: Abstract: The history of palaeobotanical investigations on the Rotliegendes of the Saar-Nahe area is briefly summarized. A review of previous inventories is given. A new lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Rotliegendes of the Saar-Nahe area was published by Boy & Fichter (1982). The stratigraphical positions of some of the localities mentioned by Weiss (1868, 1869-1872) and Florin (1938-1945) could be determined within this scheme. Their floral content is listed on tables. The occurrences of plant remains in a large number of localities, distributed over several lithostratigraphical units, are shown on tables. All the plant localities known to the authors, most of them still being accessible, are included. An updated list of the plant taxa of the locality Sobernheim is given separately. The most characteristic plant taxa are illustrated, some remarks on problems on taxonomy and nomenclature are included.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Zur Geschichte der paläobotanischen Forschung im saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden 3. Altere Bestandsaufnahmen saarpfälzischer Rotliegendfloren 4. Bemerkungen zu den Fundorten und Fundschichten 5. Stratigraphische und geographische Verbreitung der saarpfälzischen Rotliegendfloren 5.1. Unterrotliegendes 5.2. Oberrotliegendes Tabellen 1-19 Schriften Verzeichnis der Tafeln Tafeln 1-42
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:561 ; Rotliegend ; Saar-Nahe-Becken ; Paläobotanik
    Language: German
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    Methods, Applications and Services 2024 Workshop-Seminar of the AI-Cluster in Subtopic 2.4 (2024)
    AWI/ GEOMAR/ GFZ
    In:  EPIC3AWI/ GEOMAR/ GFZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The yearly Wokshop is forum for data science research, developments and support services. The agenda is published regularly online.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Other , notRev
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  • 4
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    WRF-PDAF v1.0: implementation and application of an online localized ensemble data assimilation framework (2024)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Geoscientific Model Development, Copernicus Publications, 17(10), pp. 4433-4445, ISSN: 1991-959X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Data assimilation is a common technique employed to estimate the state and its associated uncertainties in numerical models. Ensemble-based methods are a prevalent choice, although they can be computationally expensive due to the required ensemble integrations. In this study, we enhance the capabilities of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) model by coupling it with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF) in a fully online mode. Through minimal modifications to the WRF-ARW model code, we have developed an efficient data assimilation system. This system leverages parallelization and in-memory data transfers between the model and data assimilation processes, greatly reducing the need for file I/O and model restarts during assimilation. We detail the necessary program modifications in this study. One advantage of the resulting assimilation system is a clear separation of concerns between data assimilation method development and model application resulting from PDAF's model-Agnostic structure. To evaluate the assimilation system, we conduct a twin experiment simulating an idealized tropical cyclone. Cycled data assimilation experiments focus on the impact of temperature profiles. The assimilation not only significantly enhances temperature field accuracy but also improves the initial U and V fields. The assimilation process introduces only minimal overhead in runtime when compared to the model without data assimilation and exhibits excellent parallel performance. Consequently, the online WRF-PDAF system emerges as an efficient framework for implementing high-resolution mesoscale forecasting and reanalysis.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Modeling the mid-piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2-ITPCAS) (2024)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    In:  EPIC3Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, ISSN: 0930-7575
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (MPWP, ~ 3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent example of a persistently warmer climate in equilibrium with atmospheric CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 concentrations similar to today. Towards studying patterns and dynamics of a warming climate the MPWP is often compared to today. Following the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) protocol we prepare a water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2) simulation that is warmer and wetter than the PlioMIP2 multi-model ensemble (MME). While our simulation resembles PlioMIP2 MME in many aspects we find added insights. (1) Considerable warmth at high latitudes exceeds previous simulations. Polar amplification (PA) is comparable to proxies, enabled by iCESM1.2’s high climate sensitivity and a distinct method of ocean initialization. (2) Major driver of warmth is the downward component of clear-sky surface long-wave radiation. (3) In iCESM1.2 modulated dominance of dynamic (δDY) processes causes different low-latitude (~ 30 S°–10°N) precipitation response than the PlioMIP2 MME, where thermodynamic processes (δTH) dominate. (4) Modulated local condensation leads to lower δ18O across tropical Indian Ocean and surrounding Asian-African-Australian monsoon regions. (5) We find contrasting changes in tropical atmospheric circulations (Hadley and Walker cells). Anomalous regional meridional (zonal) circulation, forced by changes in tropical-subtropical (tropical) diabatic processes, presents a more comprehensive perspective than explaining weakened and expanded Hadley circulation (strengthened and westward-shifted Walker circulation) via static stability. (6) Enhanced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation owes to a closed Bering Strait.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Serielles Sanieren : ein wichtiger Baustein für das Erreichen der Energiewende- und Klimaziele ; Vorwort Wuppertal Institut (2024)
    Köln : Zeller Kölmel Architekten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 7
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    Embracing circularity : a pathway for strengthening the critical raw materials act (2024)
    Cambridge : University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 8
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    Analyse und (Weiter-)Entwicklung von Umsetzungsmechanismen und Politikansätzen zur Stärkung und Aufwertung des Deutschen Ressourceneffizienzprogramms ProgRess : Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Der Abschlussbericht beschreibt den von den Autoren wissenschaftlich betreuten Strategieprozess zur Implementierung und Fortschreibung des Deutschen Ressourceneffizienzprogramms ProgRess während der Projektlaufzeit. Wesentliche Prozesselemente sind ⁠Monitoring⁠ und Evaluation des Programms, die Einbindung von Stakeholdern aus Forschung, Wirtschaft, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft mit Hilfe der NaRess-Plattform und ihrer Arbeitsgruppen sowie die Erstellung zahlreicher Vertiefungsanalysen und Positionspapiere zu aktuellen Themen der Ressourcenpolitik. Die Publikation richtet sich an Entscheidungsträger aus allen Verwaltungsebenen, die ein laufendes Ressourceneffizienzprogramm oder eine vergleichbare rohstoffbezogene Strategie auf den Weg bringen oder begleiten.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 9
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    Evaluation des deutschen Ressourceneffizienzprogramms (ProgRess III) - Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen für die weitere Politikentwicklung : Abschlussbericht ; Kurzfassung (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit dem ⁠Monitoring⁠ und der Evaluation von ProgRess III. Der Bericht geht über die Analyse der Ressourceneffizienz auf volkswirtschaftlicher Ebene hinaus und evaluiert insbesondere die Umsetzung der Maßnahmen, die mit ihnen verbundenen Effekte und die zugrundeliegenden Erfolgsfaktoren. Dazu wurde ein zweistufiges Verfahren durchgeführt: ein Monitoring und eine Evaluation des Programms. Nach einer Einführung in die Ziele der Evaluation und der Abgrenzung zum zuvor durchgeführten Monitoring (Kap. 1) werden die Forschungsfragen und die Elemente eines erfolgreichen Politikmix, wie er in der theoretischen Forschung diskutiert und konzipiert wird, kurz erörtert (Kap. 2). Dann werden die Methoden (Analyse, Interviews, Webcrawling) und der Fahrplan der Evaluation vorgestellt (Kap. 3). Zwei Wirkungsmodelle, ein materielles und ein organisationales ⁠Wirkmodell⁠, bilden die Basis für die verschiedenen Betrachtungsebenen und Foki, die für die Evaluation gewählt wurden. In Kapitel 4 werden schließlich die Erkenntnisse, die durch den Einsatz der verschiedenen Methoden gewonnen wurden, in bewusst kompakter und übersichtlicher Form in Bezug zu den Evaluationskriterien dargestellt und Empfehlungen abgeleitet. Kapitel 5 widmet sich der Gesamtbewertung der Effektivität von ProgRess III und Kapitel 6 bearbeitet abschließend die Frage, welche Entwicklungspotenziale aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen abgeleitet werden können.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Schisandra cauliflora (Schisandraceae), a new species from Vietnam (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 64 no. 2, pp. 183-185
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Schisandra cauliflora, a new species found in northern Vietnam and described here is referable to Schisandra subg. Sphaerostema. A morphological comparison with related species, and a key to species in the subgenus is provided.Adescription including details of distribution and habitat is supplemented with a line-drawing.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; northern Vietnam ; Schisandra ; Schisandra cauliflora ; Schisandraceae ; Sphaerostema
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    A new species of Anadendrum (Araceae – Anadendreae) from Vietnam (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 64 no. 2, pp. 190-193
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Anadendrum chlorospathum is described as a new species from Central Vietnam, unique in the genus by a glossy medium green spathe, flowers in which the perigone is shorter than the gynoecium, and having anthers longer at anthesis than the filaments.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Anadendrum chlorospathum ; Gia Lai ; Indochina ; new species ; Vietnam
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    ForametCeTera, a novel CT scan dataset to expedite classification research of (non-)foraminifera (2024)
    In:  Scientific Data vol. 11 no. 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: This paper introduces ForametCeTera, a pioneering dataset designed to address the challenges associated with automating the analysis of benthic foraminifera in sediment cores. Foraminifera are sensitive sentinels of environmental change and are a crucial component of carbonate-denominated ecosystems, such as coral reefs. Studying their prevalence and characteristics is imperative in understanding climate change. However, analysis of foraminifera contained in core samples currently requires washing, sieving and manual quantification. These methods are thus time-consuming and require trained experts. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative workflow utilizing 3D X-ray computational tomography (CT) for fully automated analysis, saving time and resources. Despite recent advancements in automation, a crucial lack of methods persists for segmenting and classifying individual foraminifera from 3D scans. In response, we present ForametCeTera, a diverse dataset featuring 436 3D CT scans of individual foraminifera and non-foraminiferan material following a high-throughput scanning workflow. ForametCeTera serves as a foundational resource for generating synthetic digital core samples, facilitating the development of segmentation and classification methods of entire core sample CT scans.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Bioinformatics ; Climate-change ecology ; Marine biology ; Microbial biooceanography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
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    Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae) (2018)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 63, pp. 87-92
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Empogona jenniferae is described from the upper quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani on both sides of the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, a prospective Tropical Important Plant Area. Its conservation status is assessed as Critically Endangered under the 2012 IUCN criteria. A figure and notes on the endemic plant species of Chimanimani are provided. Two additional names in Empogona, E. congesta and E. congesta subsp. chasei are published.
    Keywords: conservation ; new combinations ; TIPA ; Tricalysia ; Tropical Important Plant Area
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    The Euploca baclei complex (Boraginaceae subfam. Heliotropioideae) (2019)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 64, pp. 92-95
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: In order to recognise both taxa previously regarded as varieties of Heliotropium baclei, nowadays classified in Euploca, a new combination is necessary. As the two varieties are clearly separable in terms of morphology and biogeography, we propose to raise these varieties to the species level, for which the new combination Euploca katangensis needs to be created. Moreover, we propose the new combination Euploca madagascariensis for Heliotropium madagascariense, a species from Madagascar considered by some as conspecific with H. baclei, but treated here as distinct. For these three species with beaked fruits, constituting the ‘Euploca baclei complex’, a key and a distribution map, based on revised herbarium specimens, is given. Two additional combinations, Euploca bullockii and Euploca sessilistigma are made to complete the transfer of tropical African Heliotropium species that belong in Euploca.
    Keywords: Africa ; biogeography ; Boraginaceae ; endozoochory ; Euploca ; Heliotropiaceae ; Heliotropium ; key ; map
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
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    Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world (2024)
    In:  Science Advances vol. 10 no. 20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Documenting the seasonal temperature cycle constitutes an essential step toward mitigating risks associated with extreme weather events in a future warmer world. The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP), 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago, featured global temperatures approximately 3°C above preindustrial levels. It represents an ideal period for directed paleoclimate reconstructions equivalent to model projections for 2100 under moderate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2- 4.5. Here, seasonal clumped isotope analyses of fossil mollusk shells from the North Sea are presented to test Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project 2 outcomes. Joint data and model evidence reveals enhanced summer warming (+4.3° ± 1.0°C) compared to winter (+2.5° ± 1.5°C) during the mPWP, equivalent to SSP2-4.5 outcomes for future climate. We show that Arctic amplification of global warming weakens mid- latitude summer circulation while intensifying seasonal contrast in temperature and precipitation, leading to an increased risk of summer heat waves and other extreme weather events in Europe’s future.
    Keywords: Aragonitic bivalve shells ; Sea-surface temperature ; North-Sea ; Atmospheric circulation ; PLIOMIP2 simulations ; Arctic amplification ; Marine heatwaves ; Summer drought ; Wadden Sea ; Pliocene
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    Seasonal dependence of deterministic versus stochastic processes influencing soil fungal community composition in a lowland Amazonian rain forest (2024)
    In:  Communications Earth & Environment vol. 5 no. 1
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The contribution of deterministic versus stochastic processes to the spatio-temporal assembly of soil microbial communities in tropical forests requires quantification so that responses to climate change may be accurately projected. Here we report the spatio-temporal composition of soil fungal communities in a topographically homogeneous forest area in central Amazonia. Soil fungal communities have a greater turnover in space than over time. Stochastic processes are inferred to dominate in the rainy season and deterministic processes in the dry season. Our study highlights the importance of spatial heterogeneity in the absence of environmental gradients and its relationship with seasonal patterns that modulate spatial heterogeneity and contribute to environmental determinism versus stochasticity for fungal community assembly. This baseline may serve to assess deviations in community patterns caused by changes in biotic interactions with above-ground vegetation, such as those resulting from shifts in taxonomical/functional composition of trees driven by climate change.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
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    Stony Corals and Their Associated Fauna Residing in Marine Lakes under Extreme Environmental Conditions (2024)
    In:  Diversity vol. 16 no. 5
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Tropical marine lakes are small land-locked marine waterbodies occurring in karstic coastal areas. During biodiversity surveys in 12 marine lakes in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua province, Indonesia, we recorded at least 37 species belonging to 29 genera of hard corals. Their observed associated symbiont fauna consisted of bivalve molluscs and polychaete worms. Marine lake temperature ranged from 30.0 to 32.5 °C, acidity from pH 7.6 to 8.1, and salinity from 26.4 to 33.2 ppt. This study provides the first inventory of the marginal coral communities in the extreme habitat of marine lakes, under chronic extreme environmental conditions of higher temperatures, land-based nutrient loads, and sedimentation.
    Keywords: extreme habitat ; marginal coral communities ; environmental limits ; anchialine ; Raja Ampat ; Bird’s Head Peninsula ; Indonesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 18
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    Human management of ongoing evolutionary processes in agroecosystems (2024)
    In:  PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET vol. 2024
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Long-term food security and agricultural sustainability depend on protecting the eco-evolutionary processes that select for local adaptation in crops. Since seed systems structure how people acquire seed, institutional and social changes influence evolutionary processes within agroecosystems. Since World War II, the rise of professional breeding has bifurcated seed systems into traditional and formal systems, which has negatively affected agrobiodiversity, crop evolution, and agricultural sustainability. In traditional seed systems, farmers often save seed from plants that best provide desired qualities, selecting landrace crop varieties to adapt to local environmental conditions. In formal or centralized seed systems, farmers buy seeds bred primarily for maximizing yield under ideal conditions. When farmers source seeds externally,evolutionary processes underlying local adaptation are disrupted. Here, we argue that traditional seed systems provide important evosystem services, or the evolutionary processes resulting from the maintenance and use of genetic diversity that benefit society. We present a framework on how seed systems influence the evolutionary processes that enable local adaptation, which is necessary for sustainable agriculture. We discuss how changes in human values underlying traditional and formal seed systems can alter evolutionary processes that underlie local adaptation. We conclude that developing policies that support people in managing ecological and evolutionary processes within seed systems is needed to address current and future challenges of global food security and agricultural sustainability.
    Keywords: agriculture ; agroecology ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; evolution ; insects ; landrace ; seed systems
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 19
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    Greater difference between airborne and flower pollen chemistry, than between pollen collected across a pollution gradient in the Netherlands (2024)
    In:  Science of The Total Environment vol. 934 no. 172963
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The prevalence in allergic diseases has increased considerably in the past decades. An important trigger of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is the pollen of wind-pollinating plants. This pollen is developed by plants and is released into the air where it gets exposed to environmental influences and air pollution. We investigated the chemical changes to pollen that occur after release from the flower in a rural (Veluwe) and an urban (Amsterdam) site in the Netherlands using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. During the spring/summer of 2020 (during the COVID pandemic) the pollen of nine taxa (Alnus, Betula, Fagus, Fraxinus, Pinus, Plantago, Poaceae, Quercus and Salix) were collected directly from flowers and the air (using a mobile sampler). FTIR spectra were obtained for multiple individual pollen grains for each taxa. The spectra obtained from airborne pollen collected at the rural vs. urban sites did not show any statistical difference. This is possibly a result of a reduced difference in pollutant concentrations between the two sites due to the COVID-19-lockdown measures were in place. However, consistent differences in the FTIR spectra recovered from airborne vs. flower pollen were recorded for all pollen taxa. After the release from the flower the chemical composition of the pollen changed: (i) polysaccharides are converted to monosaccharides; (ii) protein concentration and/or nitration/oxidation level is altered; (iii) lipids are modified and/or reduced in concentration. These changes may alter the allergenicity of the pollen and suggest that further work on the allergenic nature of airborne pollen is required.
    Keywords: Pollen ; Airborne ; FTIR spectroscopy ; Air pollution
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 20
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    The pharynx of the iconic stem-group chondrichthyan Acanthodes Agassiz, 1833 revisited with micro-computed tomography (2024)
    In:  Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society vol. 2024 no. XX
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Acanthodes has long been the primary source of information on the pharyngeal skeleton of ‘acanthodians’. Because of this its anatomy has played a disproportionate role in attempts to understand the evolution of the jawed vertebrate pharynx and the clade as a whole. However, the anatomy of the pharynx of Acanthodes, now understood to be a stem-group chondrichthyan, remains poorly characterized and subject to several com- peting interpretations. We used computed tomography to image the articulated pharyngeal skeletons of three specimens of Acanthodes confusus from Lebach, Germany. Acanthodes has a mélange of osteichthyan-like and chondrichthyan-like morphologies in its pharyngeal skeleton. Like many other chondrichthyans, Acanthodes lacked hypohyals, and had four pairs of posteriorly oriented pharyngobranchials. Like osteichthyans, Acanthodes possessed an interhyal, but lacked the separate infra- and supra-pharyngobranchial elements present in osteichthyans and the crown- chondrichthyan Ozarcus. Using these new data we built and animated a digital 3D model of the pharyngeal endoskeleton in Acanthodes, showing that the jaws could have swung outwards during the opening cycle, increasing the anteriorly facing area of the gape for suspension feeding. These new data provide a more definitive picture of the anatomy of a taxon that has long been of great significance in early vertebrate palaeontology.
    Keywords: acanthodian ; branchial skeleton ; chondrichthyan ; computed tomography ; Permian ; pharynx
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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