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  • Articles  (22)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics  (16)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology  (6)
  • Seismological Society of America  (11)
  • Copernicus Publications  (5)
  • INGV  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2010-2014  (22)
Collection
  • Articles  (22)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Fast Determination of Moment Tensors and Rupture History: what has been learned from the 6 April 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-22
    Description: On 6 April 2009, a magnitude Mw = 6.1 earthquake struck the Abruzzi region in central Italy. Despite its moderate size, the earthquake caused more than 300 fatalities and partially destroyed the city of L’Aquila and many surrounding villages. In this study we present a retrospective analysis of the rapid source parameters determination procedure developed at INGV (Scognamiglio et al. 2009) as applied to the L’Aquila seismic sequence. Our approach consists of two stages: the near real-time determination of the seismic moment tensor, which is already routinely performed for all M≥ 3.5 earthquakes; and the rapid imaging of the rupture history on a finite fault for earthquakes with M≥ 6.0.
    Description: Published
    Description: 892-906
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: moment tensor ; velocity models ; strong-motion ; gps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Real-TIme Determination of Seismic Moment Tensor for the Italian Region (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We describe the automatic (AUTO) and the reviewed (REV) seismic time-domain moment tensor (TDMT) procedures implemented recently at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy. The solutions are obtained from the high-quality data of the recently installed Italian broadband network and of the Mediterranean seismographic network (MedNet). AUTO- and REV-TDMT adopt the long-period full waveform inversion code developed by Dreger and Helmberger (1993). AUTO-TDMT is triggered by local and regional events with magnitude ML 〉=3.5 detected by the INGV seismic center. Moment tensor solutions are available within about 10 min after earthquake location, and they are automatically published on the World Wide Web for solution qualities exceeding a predefined threshold. REV-TDMT solutions are posted on the World Wide Web and included in the INGV-TDMT catalog after manual revision. The catalog we describe has great potential to improve our understanding of the regional seismicity and of the ongoing tectonics because the TDMT solutions are the only moment tensors and moment magnitudes released for Italy for many of the events with ML 〈=4.2.
    Description: This work has been funded by the 2005–2007 DPC-S4 and 2008–2010 DPC-S3 Italian Civil Protection contracts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2223-2242
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: moment tensor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Do Strike-Slip Faults of Molise, Central-Southern Italy, Really Release a High Stress? (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 31 October and 1 November 2002, Molise earthquakes (both MW 5.7) were caused by right-lateral slip between 12 and 20 km depth. These earthquakes are the result of large-scale reactivation of pre-existing, left-lateral, regionally extended E-W structures of Mesozoic age. Although recorded ground motions were generally smaller than expected for typical Italian earthquakes, a recent paper attributes a stress drop as high as 180 bars to the Molise earthquakes. We remark that a high stress drop is in contrast both with the relatively long source duration inferred in previous investigations and with geodetic evidence for a significantly smaller fault slip compared with other Apennines earthquakes having similarly large rupture area (e.g. 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquakes). We analyzed both ground acceleration spectra of the mainshocks and single-station spectral ratios of broad-band seismograms in an extended magnitude range (2.7 ≤ MW ≤ 5.7). Our results show that neither the spectral amplitudes of recorded ground motions nor the spectral ratios can be fit by a high stress drop source. Instead we find that the observations are consistent with a low stress drop, our best estimates ranging between 6 and 25 bars, in agreement with the relatively long source duration and small coseismic slip. We interpret the low stress of the 2002 Molise earthquakes in terms of lower energy release mechanisms due to the reutilization of faults reactivated opposite to their original sense of slip.
    Description: Published
    Description: 307-324
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: stress drop ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    How to promote earthquake ruptures: Different nucleation strategies in a dynamic model with slip–weakening friction (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The introduction of the linear slip–weakening friction law permits the solution of the elasto–dynamic equation for a rupture which develops on a fault, by removing the singularity in the components of stress tensor, thereby ensuring a finite energy flux at the crack tip. With this governing model, largely used by seismologists, it is possible to simulate a single earthquake event but, in absence of remote tectonic loading, it requires the introduction of an artificial procedure to initiate the rupture, i.e, to reach the failure stress point. In this paper, by studying the dynamic rupture propagation and the solutions on the fault and on the free surface, we systematically compare three conceptually and algorithmically different nucleation strategies widely adopted in the literature: the imposition of an initially constant rupture speed, the introduction of a shear stress asperity, and the perturbation to the initial particle velocity field. Our results show that, contrarily to supershear ruptures which tend to “forget” their origins, subshear ruptures are quite sensitive to the adopted nucleation procedure, which can bias the runaway rupture. We confirm that that the most gradual transition from imposed nucleation and spontaneous propagation is obtained by initially forcing the rupture to expand at a properly chosen, constant speed (0.75 times the Rayleigh speed). We also numerically demonstrate that a valid alternative to this strategy is an appropriately smoothed, elliptical shear stress asperity. Moreover, we evaluate the optimal size of the nucleation patch where the procedure is applied; our simulations indicate that its size has to equal the critical distance of Day (1982) in case of supershear ruptures and to exceed it in case of subshear ruptures.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Nucleation strategies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Uncertainties in Strong Ground-Motion Prediction with Finite-Fault Synthetic Seismograms: An Application to the 1984 M 5.7 Gubbio, Central Italy, Earthquake (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study investigates the engineering applicability of two conceptually different finite-fault simulation techniques. We focus our attention on two important aspects: first to quantify the capability of the methods to reproduce the observed ground-motion parameters (peaks and integral quantities); second to quantify the dependence of the strong-motion parameters on the variability in the large-scale kinematic definition of the source (i.e., position of the nucleation point, value of the rupture velocity, and distribution of the final slip on the fault). We applied an approximated simulation technique, the deterministic-stochastic method and a broadband technique, the hybrid-integral-composite method, to model the 1984 Mw 5.7 Gubbio, central Italy, earthquake, at five accelerometric stations. We first optimize the position of the nucleation point and the value of the rupture velocity for three different final slip distributions on the fault by minimizing an error function in terms of acceleration response spectra in the frequency band from 1 to 9 Hz. We found that the best model is given by a rupture propagating at about 2:65 km=sec from a hypocenter located approximately at the center of the fault. In the second part of the article we calculate more than 2400 scenarios varying the kinematic source parameters. At the five sites we compute the residuals distributions for the various strongmotion parameters and show that their standard deviations depend on the source parameterization adopted by the two techniques. Furthermore, we show that Arias Intensity (AI) and significant duration are characterized by the largest and smallest standard deviation, respectively. Housner Intensity is better modeled and less affected by uncertainties in the source kinematic parameters than AI. The fact that the uncertainties in the kinematic model affects the variability of different ground-motion parameters in different ways has to be taken into account when performing hazard assessment and earthquake engineering studies for future events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 647-663
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ground-motion simulation ; Gubbio 1984 ; ground-motion variability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    How to promote earthquake ruptures: different nucleation strategies in a dynamic model with slip–weakening friction (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The introduction of the linear slip–weakening friction law permits the solution of the elasto–dynamic equation for a rupture which develops on a fault, by removing the singularity in the components of stress tensor, thereby ensuring a finite energy flux at the crack tip. With this governing model, largely used by seismologists, it is possible to simulate a single earthquake event but, in absence of remote tectonic loading, it requires the introduction of an artificial procedure to initiate the rupture, i.e, to reach the failure stress point. In this paper, by studying the dynamic rupture propagation and the solutions on the fault and on the free surface, we systematically compare three conceptually and algorithmically different nucleation strategies widely adopted in the literature: the imposition of an initially constant rupture speed, the introduction of a shear stress asperity, and the perturbation to the initial particle velocity field. Our results show that, contrarily to supershear ruptures which tend to “forget” their origins, subshear ruptures are quite sensitive to the adopted nucleation procedure, which can bias the runaway rupture. We confirm that that the most gradual transition from imposed nucleation and spontaneous propagation is obtained by initially forcing the rupture to expand at a properly chosen, constant speed (0.75 times the Rayleigh speed). We also numerically demonstrate that a valid alternative to this strategy is an appropriately smoothed, elliptical shear stress asperity. Moreover, we evaluate the optimal size of the nucleation patch where the procedure is applied; our simulations indicate that its size has to equal the critical distance of Day (1982) in case of supershear ruptures and to exceed it in case of subshear ruptures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 923–940
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake nucleation ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Recasting Historical Earthquakes in Coastal Areas (Gargano Promontory, Italy): Insights From Marine Paleoseismology (2011)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Historical earthquakes of the Gargano Promontory, an uplifted foreland sector in southeastern Italy, have been usually regarded as generated by inland faults. Some have been associated with activity of the Mattinata Fault, a section of a regional E-W shear zone. The 10 August 1893, Mw 5.4 is one of such earthquakes, but its current onshore location is only loosely based on the damage pattern. Regions that were hit by offshore earthquakes are also known to be affected by a methodological bias such that offshore historical events appear to be located onshore. To test this condition for the 1893 earthquake we pursued an alternative hypothesis for its location. The earthquake occurred near the Gondola Fault Zone, a right-lateral active fault system representing the offshore counterpart of the Mattinata Fault and hence capable of producing sizable earthquakes along the Gargano coast. We focused on its westernmost segment, suggesting that it could be the causative fault of the 1893 earthquake, in agreement with both the damage distribution and reported environmental effects. The approach we present works side by side with the recent developments of the algorithms used to compile historical catalogues, providing a fine-scale, geologically-based method to define or confirm the dubious location of historical earthquakes. Marine Paleoseismology is a new field stemming from the increased capabilities of high-resolution marine techniques in supporting classical paleoseismological analyses for the exploration of the seismogenic potential of offshore faults. Based on Late Pleistocene and Holocene individual or cumulative earthquake records, the potential of offshore faults can now be constrained in terms of expected magnitude and recurrence intervals. We stress the importance of revisiting historical earthquakes in coastal zones using marine paleoseismological data to assess regional seismic hazard, particularly in tectonic settings where regional-size seismogenic areas straddle the onshore and the offshore.
    Description: UF was financially supported by MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education and Research) FIRB Project “AIRPLANE”. This research has also benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC). Scientific papers funded by DPC do not represent its official opinion and policies. This is ISMAR-Bologna contribution n. 1720.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Adriatic foreland ; Gondola Fault Zone ; macroseismic intensity ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Ground-Motion Simulations for the M 6.9 Irpinia 1980 Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events (2011)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we adopt three ground-motion simulation techniques (EXSIM, Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005, DSM, Pacor et al., 2005 and HIC, Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007), with the aim of investigating the different performances in near-fault strong-motion modeling and prediction from past and future events. The test case is the 1980, M 6.9, Irpinia earthquake, the strongest event recorded in Italy. First, we simulate the recorded strong-motion data and validate the model parameters by computing spectral acceleration and peak amplitudes residual distributions. The validated model is then used to investigate the influence of site effects and to compute synthetic ground motions around the fault. Afterward, we simulate the expected ground motions from scenario events on the Irpinia fault, varying the hypocenters, the rupture velocities and the slip distributions. We compare the median ground motions and related standard deviations from all scenario events with empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The synthetic median values are included in the median ± one standard deviation of the considered GMPEs. Synthetic peak ground accelerations show median values smaller and with a faster decay with distance than the empirical ones. The synthetics total standard deviation is of the same order or smaller than the empirical one and it shows considerable differences from one simulation technique to another. We decomposed the total standard deviation into its between-scenario and within-scenario components. The larger contribution to the total sigma comes from the latter while the former is found to be smaller and in good agreement with empirical inter-event variability.
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Irpinia 1980 earthquake ; ground-motion simulation ; ground-motion variability ; scenario events ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Stiffnites. Part II (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The dynamics of a stiffnite are here inferred. A stiffnite is a sheet-shaped, gravity-driven submarine sediment flow, with a fabric made up of marine ooze. To infer stiffnite dynamics, order of magnitude estimations are used. Field deposits and experiments on materials taken from the literature are also used. Stiffnites can be tens or hundreds of kilometers wide, and a few centimeters/ meters thick. They move on the sea slopes over hundreds of kilometers, reaching submarine velocities as high as 100 m/s. Hard grain friction favors grain fragmentation and formation of triboelectrically electrified particles and triboplasma (i.e., ions + electrons). Marine lipids favor isolation of electrical charges. At first, two basic assumptions are introduced, and checked a posteriori: (a) in a flowing stiffnite, magnetic dipole moments develop, with the magnetization proportional to the shear rate. I have named those dipoles as Ambigua. (b) Ambigua are ‘vertically frozen’ along stiffnite streamlines. From (a) and (b), it follows that: (i) Ambigua create a magnetic field (at peak, 〉1 T). (ii) Lorentz forces sort stiffnite particles into two superimposed sheets. The lower sheet, L+, has a sandy granulometry and a net positive electrical charge density. The upper sheet, L–, has a silty muddy granulometry and a net negative electrical charge density; the grains of sheet L– become finer upwards. (iii) Faraday forces push ferromagnetic grains towards the base of a stiffnite, so that a peak of magnetic susceptibility characterizes a stiffnite deposit. (iv) Stiffnites harden considerably during their motion, due to magnetic confinement. Stiffnite deposits and inferred stiffnite characteristics are compatible with a stable flow behavior against bending, pinch, or other macro instabilities. In the present report, a consistent hypothesis about the nature of Ambigua is provided.
    Description: Published
    Description: 780-804
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Submarine sediment flows ; Magnetic fabric and anisotropy ; Magnetic confinement ; Shear polymer media ; Triboelectric fragmentation ; Magnetic dipole Ambigua ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Combining inland and offshore paleotsunamis evidence: the Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily, Italy) case study (2012)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Offshore and inland geological evidence for multiple tsunami inundations was found in the Augusta Bay area: (1) the main local historical tsunamis (1908, 1693, 1169), (2) two far-generated tsunamis (i.e. Crete 365AD and Santorini, 3600 BP), and (3) seven unknown tsunamis). Average tsunami recurrence intervals from inland and offshore investigations of about 550 and 320 yr, respectively were obtained for the past 4 ka. The history of paleotsunamis from the marine record appears to be as complete as the historical one for the past millennium, yielding an average tsunami recurrence interval of 250 yr for the Augusta Bay. Geological data allow also estimating a minimum tsunami inundation distance of 530m and a minimum run-up of 5 m. The marine record contains evidence for more paleotsunamis with respect to the inland one because of continuous sedimentation and better preservation of stratigraphy in the offshore with respect to coastal areas, which are commonly affected by intermittent-erosion and sedimentation and anthropic activities. This work shows that the integration of geological and historical data can provide critical information regarding the extent and age of tsunamis of the past (e.g. inundation distance, age, and frequency), which is of immediate relevance for tsunami hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2557-2567
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tsunami deposits ; Sicily ; 1693 tsunami ; 365 Crete earthquake and tsunami ; Santorini collapse ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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