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  • Data  (7)
  • Other Sources  (1,052)
  • Elsevier  (923)
  • Taylor & Francis  (73)
  • Bornträger
  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
  • Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
  • 2010-2014  (1,059)
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  • Articles  (593,104)
  • Data  (7)
  • Other Sources  (1,052)
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  • 1
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    Pedogenic carbonates as a proxy for palaeo-CO2 in the Palaeozoic atmosphere (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: According to a model by Cerling (1991, 1999), the carbon isotope composition of calcretes should depend on the soil type and the CO2-concentration in the atmosphere. We have tested Cerling’s model by investigating 14 Palaeozoic sections with soil profiles. A large number of carbonate types of different genetic origin exist in the localities examined. Comparing the Palaeozoic samples with recent and subrecent calcretes, it can be demonstrated that anhedral, cryptocrystalline (〈10 μm) and subhedral microcrystalline (10 - 40 μm) carbonates are clearly of pedogenic origin. Crystals of larger size with a poikilotopic texture are of groundwater or burial diagenetic origin. Macro- and micromorphological features, typical of recent calcretes, occur in several soil profiles, but thin section microscopy reveals a strong diagenetic overprint of most pedogenic carbonates. Time equivalent sections with comparable soil types (protosols, calcisols and vertisols) show large variations in carbon isotope composition. On the other hand, different carbonate generations at one site do not differ much. Therefore Palaeozoic calcretes appear to be unsuitable for a deduction of the Palaeozoic CO2-concentration.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.9 ; 552.5 ; VKB 350 ; VJJ 110 ; VCA 300 ; VKB 332 ; VKA 300 ; VKB 371 ; VEA 000 ; VKB 372 ; Lithogenese {Sedimentologie} ; Geochemie der Stabilen Isotopen ; Paläozoische Geologie ; Sedimentationsbedingungen ; Petrogenese ; Klastische Sedimentgesteine ; Europa insgesamt {Geologie} ; Karbonatische Sedimentgesteine ; Kohlenstoffkreislauf ; C-isotope ; Jungpaläozoikum ; Paläopedologie ; Kalkkruste ; CO2 ; calcrete ; carbon cycle ; upper Paleozoic ; paleosol ; C-13/C-12 ; Europa ; paläoklima ; Europe ; 38.41 ; 38.61 ; 38.32
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Infrared-Spectrometry on Cutting Samples of the KTB Main Hole (Drill Section HB1), 7-5590 m. (2010)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Infrared-Spectrometry on Cutting Samples of the KTB Main Hole (Drill Section HB1), 7-5590 m.
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; Land based ; CO2 ; H2O ; infrared spectrometry ; total carbon
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 3
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    XRD of Cuttings of the KTB Pilot Hole HB1 (2010)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The qualitative and quantitative phase analyses were performed in the KTB field laboratory by x-ray powder diffraction using SIEMENS D 500 diffractometer. During early stages of the KTB project a new method for quantitative phase analysis was developed (see references below). The method is based on the comparison of the diffraction spectrum of the unknown sample with those of pure minerals. The powder diffraction data of the minerals are stored in a database built up of 250 natural minerals separated from various types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The complete analyses (radiation: Cu K alpha, lambda: 1,5405Å, stepwidth: 0,01°, counting time 2 sec/step, angle 2-80°) was carried out automatically including computations. The results of this quantitative phase analysis were used e.g. to check thin section petrography (and vice versa) and to construct a \"mineralogical rock composition log\".
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; Land based ; Accessories ; Al2SiO5 ; Amphiboles ; Biotites ; Carbonates ; Chlorite ; Clinopyroxene ; Date of Sampling ; Epidote ; Garnet ; Olivine ; Orthopyroxene ; Oxyde Ores ; Plagioclases ; Potassium Feldspars ; Quartz ; Serpentine ; Spinels ; Sulfidic Ores ; White Mica ; X-ray diffraction ; Zeolite
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 60459 DataPoints
    Format: text/tab-separated-values
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    DATA GFZ
  • 4
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    Floatation and control of granular sludge in a high-rate anammox reactor (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Water Research, 44 (11). pp. 3321-3328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: The granule floatation is a serious issue of the anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process when high loading rates are applied that results in instability or even system collapse. The present study reports the granule floatation in an anammox reactor when high loading rates were applied. The comparison of enlarged photos taken for the settling and floating granules showed that the two kinds of granules both contained macroscopic gas pockets accounting for 11 +/- 14% of total volume. The settling granules had gas tunnels that could release the gas bubbles, while the floating granules did not. The presence of gas bubbles enclosed in the gas pockets led to the small density of 979.2 +/- 15.8 mg L(-1) and flotation of anammox granules. Consequently, the flotation caused washout of anammox granules and the deterioration of anammox process (volumetric removal rate decreased from 4.00 to 2.46 kg N m(-3) d(-1)). The collection of floating granules, breaking them into small pieces and then returning to the anammox reactor proved an effective control strategy. The volumetric removal rate was finally up to 16.5 kg N m(-3) d(-1) after the control strategy was put into use.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Chitin and collagen as universal and alternative templates in biomineralization (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Geology Review, 52 (7-8). pp. 661-699.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Description: Biomineralized structures and tissues are composites, containing a biologically produced organic matrix and nano- or microscale amorphous or crystalline minerals. Two main examples of organic matrices – the amino-polysaccharide chitin and the asymmetric protein collagen – are presented and discussed as the basic structural modules and organo-templates for calcium and silica biomineralization in nature. Both serve as templates, providing preferential sites for nucleation and controlling the location and orientation of mineral phases. Here, for the first time, chitin and collagen are analysed from evolutionary, structural, and functional points of view with respect to their templating properties in calcification and silicification phenomena, using both in vivo and in vitro data. It is proposed that these biopolymers be characterized as fundamental templates in biomineralization, inasmuch as they are very ancient from an evolutionary point of view, common to many species and biological systems with a global distribution. The two polymers also exhibit very similar hierarchical structural organizations, in spite of the possible alternatives they provide in chemical nature and origin. In addition, the phenomenon of multi-phase mineralization – where two minerals, amorphous and crystalline CaCO3, form from one biomolecule, chitin – is also described, analysed, and discussed for the first time.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Local variation in the distribution of benthic megafauna species associated with cold-water coral reefs on the Norwegian margin (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 54 . pp. 37-51.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The spatial variability in the mix of species making up Cold-water coral reef communities is not well known. In this study abundances of a selection of megafauna (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, Paragorgia arborea, Primnoa resedaeformis, Mycale lingua, Geodia baretti, Acesta excavata and fish) were quantified throughout 9 manned submersible video transects from 3 reef complexes (Røst Reef, Sotbakken Reef and Traena Reef) on the Norwegian margin. Substrate type (coral structure, rubble, exposed hardground or soft sediment) was also recorded. Variations in the densities of these fauna (with respect to both reef complex and substrate type) were investigated, with spatial covariance between species assessed. For the majority of fauna investigated, densities varied by both reef and substrate. Spatial covariance indicated that some species may be utilising similar habitat niches, but that minor environmental differences may favour colonisation by one or other at a particular reef. Fish densities were generally higher in regions with biogenic substrate (coral structure and coral rubble substrates) than in areas of soft or hardground substrate. Further, fish were more abundant at the northerly Sotbakken Reef at time of study than elsewhere. Community structure varied by reef, and therefore management plans aimed at maintaining the biodiversity of reef ecosystems on the Norwegian margin should take this lack of homogeneity into account.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Habitats of the Cap de Creus continental shelf and Cap de Creus Canyon, Northwestern Mediterranean (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat. , ed. by Harris, P. T. and Baker, E. K. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 457-469. ISBN 978-0-12-385140-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The Cap de Creus continental shelf and Cap de Creus canyon are located in the southern most sector of the Gulf of Lions, in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Cap de Creus continental shelf contains sandy and muddy sediments and an abrupt morpho­ logy, with rocky outcrops, relict bioherms, erosive features, and planar bedforms. The Cap de Creus canyon breaches the shelf at a depth of 110 m and denotes a marked dif­ ference in the morphology between the northern and the southern flank, reflecting a different depositional regime. The most common substrates correspond to coarse and medium sands (28%) and silty sediments (40%). The most common megabenthic assemblages of the shelf correspond to the communities of "offshore detritic" (31.95%) and "coastal terrigenous muds" (36.99%), mostly dominated by sea pens, alcyonaceans, and ceriantharians. The northern flank of the Cap de Creus canyon is predominantly depositional, whereas the southern flank is erosional. Rocky outcrops provide the sub­ stratum for cold­water coral (CWC) communities' development, in which the white coral Madrepora oculata is the most abundant species.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Computer-aided identification of coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, using scale patterns (2012)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Biology Research, 8 (3). pp. 300-306.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: Despite coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, being listed as either endangered by CITES or critically endangered by the IUCN, their population size within South Africa is unknown and still needs to be estimated. Their conservation status unfortunately excludes the use of conventional tagging to mark individual animals for a possible mark–recapture experiment. This study shows that because coelacanths have a unique spot patterning it is possible to quickly and accurately identify specific individuals photographically using computer-aided identification software. Without any manual intervention by an operator, the software accurately identified between 56 and 92% of the individuals. Indentification success increased to 100% if the operator could also manually select from other potential matching photographs. It was also shown that fish exhibiting a yaw angle not exceeding 60° could be accurately identified in photographs, although the percentage of fish correctly identified without operator-intervention decreased rapidly with increasing yaw angle. Computer-aided identification should therefore facilitate future coelacanth research as it is both efficient and accurate while also reducing potential stress on the animals observed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Radium budget of the York River estuary (VA, USA) dominated by submarine groundwater discharge with a seasonally variable groundwater end-member (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 165 . pp. 55-65.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: Brackish coastal groundwater is enriched in Ra, which is transported to surface waters via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The Ra activity of the SGD end-member is influenced by a variety of environmental factors including salinity, pH, and isotope half-life. In the York River estuary (YRE), 223Ra, 224Ra, and 226Ra were measured in surface water and shallow groundwater across a range of salinities and additional Ra sources quantified (desorption and diffusion from sediments, input from tidal marshes). The Ra budget of the estuary indicated a major source of Ra that could only be satisfied by SGD. The apparent Ra flux was combined with groundwater Ra end-member activity to estimate SGD volume fluxes of 5–178 L m− 2 d− 1. Each isotope exhibited a different seasonal pattern, with significantly higher 224Ra flux during summer than winter, lower 226Ra SGD flux during summer than winter, and no seasonal differences in 223Ra SGD flux. However, the SGD 224Ra end-member activity varied with seasonal pore water salinity fluctuations, indicating end-member control on seasonal 224Ra flux. Each Ra isotope suggested a different SGD volume flux, indicating that different nuclide regeneration rates may respond to and reflect different flow mechanisms in the subterranean estuary. This work indicates that volume fluxes estimated using geochemical tracers are sensitive to SGD end-member variations and end-member variability must be well-characterized for reliable SGD flux estimates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Controls on solid-solution partitioning of radium in saturated marine sands (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 156 . pp. 38-48.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: Solid-solution partitioning of Ra determines the dissolved Ra composition of porewater in marine sands. Therefore, sorption controls also influence the endmember concentration of Ra in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Ra is widely used as a tracer of SGD, and constraining sorption controls in permeable sands is necessary to evaluate spatial and temporal variation in Ra groundwater activities. This work presents Ra distribution coefficients measured in seawater (salinity 35) for some common solid sorbents as well as different solution compositions relevant to permeable marine sands and the subterranean estuary. There was a strong correlation of Ra distribution coefficient (Kd = solid-phase Ra/solution Ra) with surface area for size-fractionated sediments (log Kd (L/g) = 0.77 [log S.A. (m2/g)] + 0.73; r2 = 0.76). Ra sorption showed no direct relationship with solid-phase Fe or Mn content of the sands, although removal of visible surficial oxide coatings with dilute acid reduced Kd by a factor of 2 to 3. Synthetic Fe-oxides showed nearly two orders of magnitude difference in Ra sorption. Ferrihydrite had the highest Ra sorption coefficient at 1535 ± 410 L kg− 1, followed by lepidocrocite (174 ± 21 L kg− 1), hematite (75 ± 17 L kg− 1), and goethite (20 ± 8 L kg− 1). A marked increase in Ra adsorption was observed with increasing pH, with the sorption edge of natural sands falling within the pH range of 5–8. The extent of Ra sorption at a given pH varied among different substrates. No effect of dissolved Fe was observed on Ra partitioning. A large increase in Ra Kd was evident with increasing Ba concentration when seawater contained sulfate, opposite the effect that would be expected for sorption competition. No effect of Ba concentration was observed when sulfate was excluded from the ASW, indicating that barite precipitation caused the Kd increase. There was no clear effect of temperature on Ra sorption between 2 and 60 °C. Results of this study show that minor solid-phase components increase the Ra sorption capacity of bulk sands and buffer the dissolved Ra concentration (i.e., the SGD endmember). Solution controls on Ra sorption have the potential to greatly alter the Ra composition of discharging groundwater. Given that high-salinity, high-pH conditions probably prevail in porewater below the sediment–water interface, the actual SGD Ra endmember may be less variable than suggested by compilations that include groundwater from deep and fresh groundwater. Highlights ► Variable Ra partitioning to size-fractionated and diverse sediments was primarily controlled by specific surface area. ► Ra displayed pH-dependent sorption to sands, with a sorption edge between pH 5 and 8. ► No effect on Ra partitioning was observed for temperature or competition by dissolved Fe and Ba.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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