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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (30)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk  (19)
  • Arctic  (15)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (11)
  • American Geophysical Union  (58)
  • INGV  (7)
  • 2010-2014  (65)
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  • 1
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    Unbekannt
    Sudden deep gas eruption nearby Rome's airport of Fiumicino (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-24
    Beschreibung: On 24 August 2013 a sudden gas eruption from the ground occurred in the Tiber river delta, nearby Rome's international airport of Fiumicino. We assessed that this gas, analogous to other minor vents in the area, is dominantly composed of deep, partially mantle-derived CO2, as in the geothermal gas of the surrounding Roman Comagmatic Province. Increased amounts of thermogenic CH4 are likely sourced from Meso-Cenozoic petroleum systems, overlying the deep magmatic fluids. We hypothesize that the intersection of NE-SW and N-S fault systems, which at regional scale controls the location of the Roman volcanic edifices, favors gas uprising through the impermeable Pliocene and deltaic Holocene covers. Pressurized gas may temporarily be stored below these covers or within shallower sandy, permeable layers. The eruption, regardless the triggering cause—natural or man-made, reveals the potential hazard of gas-charged sediments in the delta, even at distances far from the volcanic edifices.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5632–5636
    Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): geothermal gas ; deep CO2 ; Tiber river delta ; thermogenic CH4 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Unbekannt
    Real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 at Mount Etna (Italy) (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: We present unprecedented data of real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of CO2 in air and in fumarole-plume gases collected in 2013 during two campaigns at Mount Etna volcano, which were made using a laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometer. We performed approximately 360 measurements/h, which allowed calculation of the δ13C values of volcanic CO2. The fumarole gases of Torre del Filosofo (2900mabove sea level) range from 3.24 ± 0.06‰to 3.71 ± 0.09‰, comparable to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements of discrete samples collected on the same dates. Plume gases sampled more than 1 km from the craters show a δ13C= 2.2 ± 0.4‰, in agreement with the crater fumarole gases analyzed by IRMS. Measurements performed along ~17km driving track from Catania to Mount Etna show more negative δ13C values when passing through populated centers due to anthropogenic-derived CO2 inputs (e.g., car exhaust). The reported results demonstrate that this technique may represent an important advancement for volcanic and environmental monitoring.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2382–2389
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Real-time data of CO2 content and δ13C in atmospheric/volcanic gases ; This study opens new perspective for the community for volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Seismo-tectonic behavior of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt Etna): A gauge for volcano flank instability? (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Flank instability at basaltic volcanoes is often related to repeated dike intrusions along rift zones and accompanied by surface fracturing and seismicity. These processes have been mostly studied during specific events, and the lack of longer-term observations hinders their better understanding. Here we analyze ~20 years of deformation of the Pernicana Fault System (PFS), the key structure controlling the instability of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. We exploit East-West and vertical components of mean deformation velocity, as well as corresponding time series, computed from ERS/ENVISAT (1992–2010) and COSMO-SkyMed (2009–2011) satellite radar sensors via Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry techniques. We then integrate and compare this information with field, seismic, and leveling data, collected between 1980 and 2012. We observe transient displacements accompanied by seismicity, overprinted on a long-term background eastward motion (~2 cm/yr). In the last decades, these transient events were preceded by a constant amount of accumulated strain near the PFS. The time of strain accumulation varies between a few years and a few decades, also depending on magma emplacement within the nearby North East Rift, which may increase the strain along the PFS. These results suggest that the amount of deformation near the PFS may be used as a gauge to forecast the occurrence of instability transients on the eastern flank of Etna. In this context, the PFS may provide an ideal, small-scale structure to test the relations between strain accumulation, stress loading, and seismic energy release.
    Beschreibung: This work has been partially supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the SAR4Volcanoes project, agreement I/ 034/11/0.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4398-4409
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Volcano flank instability ; Pernicana fault ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    The coupling between very long period seismic events, volcanic tremor, and degassing rates at Mount Etna volcano (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: From December 2005 to January 2006, an anomalous degassing episode was observed at Mount Etna, well-correlated with an increase in volcanic tremor, and in the almost complete absence of eruptive activity. In the same period, more than 10,000 very long period (VLP) events were detected. Through moment tensor inversion analyses of the VLP pulses, we obtained quantitative estimates of the volumetric variations associated with these events. This allowed a quantitative investigation of the relationship between VLP seismic activity, volcanic tremor, and gas emission rate at Mount Etna. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between SO2 gas flux and volcanic tremor, suggesting that tremor amplitude can be used as a first-order proxy for the background degassing activity of the volcano. VLP volumetric changes and SO2 gas flux are correlated only for the last part of our observations, following a slight change in the VLP source depth. We calculate that the gas associated with VLP signal genesis contributed less than 5% of the total gas emission. The existence of a linear correlation between VLP and degassing activities indicates a general relationship between these two processes. The effectiveness of such coupling appears to depend upon the particular location of the VLP source, suggesting that conduit geometry might play a significant role in the VLP-generating process. These results are the first report on Mount Etna of a quantitative relationship between the amounts of gas emissions directly estimated through instrumental flux measurements and the quantities of gas mass inferred in the VLP source inversion.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4910-4921
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Very Long Period seismicity ; UV scanners network ; Etna Volcano ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    An active oblique-contractional belt at the transition between the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: The Amendolara Ridge, Ionian Sea, Italy (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: High-resolution, single-channel seismic and multibeam bathymetry data collected at the Amendolara Ridge, a key submarine area marking the junction between the Apennine collision belt and the Calabrian subduction forearc, reveal active deformation in a supposedly stable crustal sector. New data, integrated with existing multichannel seismic profiles calibrated with oil-exploratory wells, show that middle to late Pleistocene sediments are deformed in growth folds above blind oblique-reverse faults that bound a regional pop-up. Data analysis indicates that ~10 to 20 km long banks that top the ~80 km long, NW-SE trending ridge are structural culminations above en echelon fault segments. Numeric modeling of bathymetry and stratigraphic markers suggests that three 45° dipping upper crustal (2–10 km) fault segments underlie the ridge, with slip rates up to ~0.5 mm/yr. Segments may be capable with M ~ 6.1–6.3 earthquakes, although an unknown fraction of aseismic slip undoubtedly contributes to deformation. The fault array that bounds the southern flank of the ridge (Amendolara Fault System) parallels a belt of Mw 〈 4.7 strike-slip and thrust earthquakes, which suggest current left-oblique reverse motion on the array. The eastern segment of the array shows apparent morphologic evidence of deformation and might be responsible for Mw ≤ 5.2 historic events. Late Pliocene-Quaternary growth of the oblique contractional belt is related to the combined effects of stalling of Adriatic slab retreat underneath the Apennines and subduction retreat of the Ionian slab underneath Calabria. Deformation localization was controlled by an inherited mechanical interface between the thick Apulian (Adriatic) platform crust and the attenuated Ionian Basin crust.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2169–2194
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Active compression ; Growth strata modeling ; High-resolution seismic ; Multibeam bathymetry ; Jonian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Eruptive processes leading to the most explosive lava fountain at Etna volcano: The 23 November 2013 episode (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The 23 November 2013 lava fountain at Etna volcano was the most explosive of the last 44 episodes that have occurred at Etna in 2011–2013. We infer the total magma volume erupted by thermal images analysis and show that it was characterized by a very high time-averaged-discharge-rate (TADR) of ~360m3 s 1, having erupted ~1.6 × 106m3 of dense-rock equivalent magma volume in just 45 min, which is more than 3 times the TADR observed during previous episodes. Two borehole dilatometers confirmed the eruption dynamics inferred from the thermal images. When compared to the other lava fountains, this episode can be considered as the explosive end-member. However, the erupted volume was still comparable to the other lava fountain events. We interpret that the 23 November explosive end-member event was caused by more primitive and gas-rich magma entering the system, as demonstrated by the exceptional height reached by the lava fountain.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4912–4919
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna eruption ; paroxysmal explosive eruption ; lava fountain ; strainmeters ; lava fountain volume ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Multidisciplinary Approach Yields Insight into Mt. Etna 2001 Eruption (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: On July 17,2001, lava began pouring down the slopes of Mt. Etna in Sicily signaling the start of the volcano's first flank eruption in nearly 10 years. Etna typically experiences long periods of explosive and effusive activity at the summit, which lies 3350 m a.s.l., interspersed with shorter flank eruptions. During the latter, large volumes of lava can threaten local populations. The Catania Section of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) routinely monitors the volcano with an array of integrated multidisciplinary techniques. During the 2001 flank eruption, researchers obtained the deepest insight yet into the mechanisms that control this fascinating volcano. In particular, by studying ground deformation, seismicity, gravity changes, and geomagnetism, researchers were able to forecast 3 to 4 days in advance the intrusion of a new feeder dike in the upper part of the volcano and follow the propagation of dike emplacement and fissure opening, as well as estimate the volume of the intrusion. During the eruption, volcanology gas geochemistry and petrology were used to distinguish two different magmas erupting at the same time from both this new feeder dike and the summit feeding system, which has been active since January 2001. Effusion rate measurements and thermal mapping of the flow field provided insight into the maximum length the lava flow could reach from the lower vent, and researchers were able to follow the process of tube formation along this flow. The previous flank eruption on Etna occurred between 1991 and 1993, when 235 million of lava poured from within the Valle del Bove (VDB) and formed a lava flow field over 8.5 km long that threatened the town of Zafferana. Since then, eruptive activity at Etna has been restricted to the summit area. A progressive increase in the activity occurred between June 1998 and February 1999, with a succession of 21 paroxysmal episodes from the Southeast Cone (SEC). Then, on February 1999, a fire fountain episode from the SEC indicated the start of the 1999 summit eruption, which produced two lava flow fields. During 2000, there were 66 fire fountain events from the SEC accompanied by small lava flows. Lava flow emission started again from the north base of the SEC in January 2001, and on May 9,2001, small fire fountaining episodes were observed on the summit and northern flank of the SEC.This activity gradually increased in frequency and intensity before the 2001 flank eruption.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 653-656
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna eruption ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Tremor-based real time monitoring and early warning on Etna Volcano (Italy): technical aspects and methods (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-04-18
    Beschreibung: Twenty-five lava fountains occurred on Mt. Etna from January 2011 to April 2012. In summer 2012 volcanic activity resumed in a milder form within the Bocca Nuova crater, before it came to an essential halt in August 2012. All these unrests offer rich material for testing automatic procedures of data processing and alert systems, running 24/7, in the context of volcano surveillance. We focus on the seismic background radiation – volcanic tremor – which plays a key role in the monitoring of Mt. Etna. Since 2006 a multistation alert system has been established in the INGV operative centre of Catania exploiting STA/LTA ratios. Besides, also the spectral characteristics of the signal, which change correspondingly to the type of volcanic activity, can be exploited for warning purposes. Here we apply Self Organizing Maps and Fuzzy Clustering which offer an efficient way to visualize signal characteristics and its development with time. All these techniques allow to identify early stages of eruptive events, and automatically flag a critical status before this becomes evident in conventional monitoring techniques. Changes of tremor characteristics are related to the position of the source of the signal. The location of the sources exploits the distribution of the amplitudes across the seismic network. The locations were extremely useful for warning, throughout both the flank eruption in 2008 as well as the 2011 lava fountains, during which a clear migration of tremor sources towards the eruptive centres could be noticed in advance. The location of the sources completes the picture of an imminent volcanic unrest, and corroborates early warnings flagged by the changes of signal characteristics. Real time data processing requires computational efficiency, robustness of the methods and stability of data acquisition. The amplitude based multi-station approach is not sensitive to the failure of single stations and therefore offers a good stability. The single station approach, exploiting unsupervised classification techniques, limits logistic efforts, as only one or few key stations are necessary. Both strategies have proven to be insensitive to disturbances (undesired transients like earthquakes, noise, short gaps in the continuous data flow). False alarms were not encountered so far. Stable data acquisition and processing come with a properly designed data storage solution. The reliability of data storage and its access is a critical issue. A cluster architecture has been realized for failover protection, including a Storage Area Network system, which allow easy data access following predefined user policies. We present concepts of the software architectures deployed at INGV Osservatorio Etneo in order to implement this tremor-based multi approach system. We envisage the integration of seismic data and those originating from other scientific fields (e. g., volcano imagery, geochemistry, deformation, gravity, magneto-telluric). This will facilitate cross-checking of evidences encountered from the single data streams, in particular allow their immediate verification with respect to ground truth.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Nicolosi (Catania, Italy)
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 5.6. TTC - Attività di Sala Operativa
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Etna, Volcanic tremor ; Volcano monitoring, Pattern recognition ; Self Organizing Map, Fuzzy clustering ; Data acquisition ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Il Somma Vesuvio: storia eruttiva e impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Il Somma-Vesuvio insieme a Campi Flegrei, Procida e Ischia è uno dei quattro vulcani presenti nell’area napoletana (Fig. 1). Fin dall’ultima eruzione, avvenuta nel marzo 1944, il vulcano è quiescente e caratterizzato solo da moderate emissioni fumaroliche e sismicità, prevalentemente concentrate in area craterica. La storia passata del vulcano suggerisce che la quiescenza può culminare in un eruzione esplosiva che, potenzialmente, può interessare aree molto vaste. Solo nelle immediate vicinanze del vulcano, cioè entro un raggio di 10 km, risiedono circa 600.000 persone, potenzialmente esposte agli effetti significativi di fenomeni vulcanici, quali scorrimento di colate piroclastiche, accumulo di grossi spessori di depositi da caduta e scorrimento di lahars. Questa breve nota ha lo scopo di illustrare, per grandi linee, la storia eruttiva del Somma-Vesuvio, la sua evoluzione morfologica e strutturale e l’impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 14-21
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Somma-Vesuvio ; Impatto sul territorio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    The 4D imaging of the source of ground deformation at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have applied a tomographic imaging technique to the inversion of a DInSAR data set at Campi Flegrei caldera. This technique allowed us to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of volumetric strain sources up to 5 km depth. Results have shown complex spatial and temporal patterns, identifying important features that were not noticed before. The first result is the observation of positive strain sources (expansion) migrating upward (in 2000 and 2006). We have interpreted them as hot fluid batches injected at the bottom of the geothermal reservoir, migrating upward and reaching the surface. Furthermore we have identified an injection episode (in 1997), which was not recognized before. This batch did not reach the surface and probably dissipated by diffusion and lateral advection without producing significant ground uplift. The injection of fluid batches does not occur at the center of the caldera, but along its borders. The three identified injection episodes (in 1997, 2000 and 2006) occur in different points. In 2000 and 2006, the injected fluids migrated, subsequently, toward the center of the caldera. Our findings agrees with results of other geophysical and geochemical studies. These results suggest a new framework for the modeling of Campi Flegrei geothermal system and for the interpretation of data recorded by the multiparametric monitoring networks on the caldera.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B08209
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei ; tomographic imaging ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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