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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-08
    Description: Bio-optical variables in the Northern Gulf of California were analyzed using in situ and satellite data obtained during a cruise in June 2008. The study area was divided into three bio-optical regions: Upper Gulf (UG), Northern Gulf (NG), and Great Isles (GI). Each region was characterized according to phytoplankton pigment concentration, phytoplankton and nonpigmented material spectral absorption coefficients, and spectral reflectance. Observed patterns were an indication of the shift in bio-optical conditions from north to south going from turbid and eutrophic waters to mesotrophic ones. Although there was a good agreement between satellite and in situ Chla (RMSE ±33%), an overestimation of in situ Chla was observed. This was partly explained by the presence of nonalgal particles, as well as the influence of desert and continental aerosols, which is generally overcorrected in the standard processing. The UG and NG could be considered as Case  2 waters, but they did exhibit different bio-optical characteristics. This implies that both biological and optical properties should be invoked to better understand water reflectance variability in the study region and its implications for the remote sensing of Chla and biogeochemical processes.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9414
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-12-08
    Description: Consensus of continuous-time single-integrator multiagent systems with inherent nonlinear dynamics and measurement noises is addressed in this paper. The consensus controller is developed for directed interaction topologies. Each agent’s control input is constructed based on its own state and its neighbors’ states corrupted by noises. The control input contains a time-varying consensus gain in order to attenuate the noises. Conditions for ensuring mean square convergence under noisy measurement and asymptotic convergence in the noise-free case are derived. Finally, some simulations were carried out to show the effectiveness of our control law and how it can solve the consensus problem.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Adsorption of strong polyelectrolyte, poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, of different molecular weights onto large α-Al2O3 beads was systematically investigated as functions of pH and NaCl concentrations. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of PSS at different pH and salt concentrations confirmed that the structure of PSS is independent of pH. With the change of molecular weight from 70 kg/mol (PSS 70) to 1000 kg/mol (PSS 1000), adsorption amount of PSS increases and proton coadsorption on the surface of α-Al2O3 decreases at given pH and salt concentration. It suggests that higher molecular weight of PSS was less flat conformation than lower one. The adsorption density of PSS 70 and PSS 1000 decreases with decreasing salt concentrations, indicating that both electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions are involved. Experimental results of both PSS 70 and PSS 1000 adsorption isotherms onto α-Al2O3 at different pH and salt concentrations can be represented well by two-step adsorption model. The effects of molecular weight and salt concentration are explained by structure of adsorbed PSS onto α-Al2O3. The influence of added SDS on the isotherms is evaluated from the sequential adsorption. The SDS uptake onto α-Al2O3 in the presence of hemimicelles can prevent the adsorption of PSS at low concentration so that adsorption of PSS reduces with preadsorbed SDS.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7985
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: This paper develops a generalized inventory model for exponentially deteriorating items with current-stock-dependent demand rate and permissible delay in payments. In the model, the payment for the item must be made immediately if the order quantity is less than the predetermined quantity; otherwise, a fixed trade credit period is permitted. The maximization of the average profit per unit of time is taken as the inventory system’s objective. The necessary and sufficient conditions and some properties of the optimal solution to the model are developed. Simple solution procedures are proposed to efficiently determine the optimal ordering policies of the considered problem. Numerical example is also presented to illustrate the solution procedures obtained.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Considering lateral influence from adjacent lane, an improved car-following model is developed in this paper. Then linear and nonlinear stability analyses are carried out. The modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation is derived with the kink-antikink soliton solution. Numerical simulations are implemented and the result shows good consistency with theoretical study.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: The interpolation-reconstruction of local underwater terrain using the underwater digital terrain map (UDTM) is an important step for building an underwater terrain matching unit and directly affects the accuracy of underwater terrain matching navigation. The Kriging method is often used in terrain interpolation, but, with this method, the local terrain features are often lost. Therefore, the accuracy cannot meet the requirements of practical application. Analysis of the geographical features is performed on the basis of the randomness and self-similarity of underwater terrain. We extract the fractal features of local underwater terrain with the fractal Brownian motion model, compensating for the possible errors of the Kriging method with fractal theory. We then put forward an improved Kriging interpolation method based on this fractal compensation. Interpolation-reconstruction tests show that the method can simulate the real underwater terrain features well and that it has good usability.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-11-09
    Description: The existing material classification is proposed to improve the inventory management. However, different materials have the different quality-related attributes, especially in the aircraft industry. In order to reduce the cost without sacrificing the quality, we propose a quality-oriented material classification system considering the material quality character, Quality cost, and Quality influence. Analytic Hierarchy Process helps to make feature selection and classification decision. We use the improved Kraljic Portfolio Matrix to establish the three-dimensional classification model. The aircraft materials can be divided into eight types, including general type, key type, risk type, and leveraged type. Aiming to improve the classification accuracy of various materials, the algorithm of Support Vector Machine is introduced. Finally, we compare the SVM and BP neural network in the application. The results prove that the SVM algorithm is more efficient and accurate and the quality-oriented material classification is valuable.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (RRLC-ESI-MSn) was used to separate and identify related substances in ampicillin capsule. The fragmentation behaviors of related substances were used to identify their chemical structures. Finally, a total of 13 related substances in ampicillin capsule were identified, including four identified components for the first time and three groups of isomers on the basis of the exact mass, fragmentation behaviors, retention time, and chemical structures in the literature. This study avoided time-consuming and complex chemosynthesis of related substances of ampicillin and the results could be useful for the quality control of ampicillin capsule to guarantee its safety in clinic. In the meantime, it provided a good example for the rapid identification of chemical structures of related substances of drugs.
    Print ISSN: 2090-8865
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-8873
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Based on the deterministic dynamic model of electricity market proposed by Alvarado, a stochastic electricity market model, considering the random nature of demand sides, is presented in this paper on the assumption that generator cost function and consumer utility function are quadratic functions. The stochastic electricity market model is a generalization of the deterministic dynamic model. Using the theory of stochastic differential equations, stochastic process theory, and eigenvalue techniques, the determining conditions of the mean stability for this electricity market model under small Gauss type random excitation are provided and testified theoretically. That is, if the demand elasticity of suppliers is nonnegative and the demand elasticity of consumers is negative, then the stochastic electricity market model is mean stable. It implies that the stability can be judged directly by initial data without any computation. Taking deterministic electricity market data combined with small Gauss type random excitation as numerical samples to interpret random phenomena from a statistical perspective, the results indicate the conclusions above are correct, valid, and practical.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior for stochastic Gilpin-Ayala competition system. The sufficient conditions for existence of stationary distribution and extinction are established. And a certain asymptotic property of the solution is also obtained. A nontrivial example is provided to illustrate our results.
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: As the thermal conductivity of thin plates composed of tightly compressed heterogeneous layers varies continuously in the form of an exponential function, we present a nonlinear dynamical model of the fractal growth of thermal diffusion. We also analyze the quantitative relationship between the probability of growth and the disturbance term, predict the control action of the environmental disturbance term on fractal growth, and use Matlab simulation to verify the control effectiveness of thermal fractal diffusion. The results facilitate the selection of appropriate control areas and control parameters for the thermal diffusion variable coefficients. In addition, variation in the fractal dimension reflects the influence of environmental disturbance on the complex process of thermal fractal diffusion.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: This paper mainly discusses some dynamics asymptotic properties of autoregressive processes. By using the -dependence of random variables, we prove the least squares (LS) estimator of the unknown parameters satisfies the law of iterated logarithm.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: This paper proposes a space-time block coding (STBC) transmission scheme for asynchronous cooperative systems. By combination of rotated complex constellations and Hadamard transform, these constructed codes are capable of achieving full cooperative diversity with the analysis of the pairwise error probability (PEP). Due to the asynchronous characteristic of cooperative systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique with cyclic prefix (CP) is adopted for combating timing delays from relay nodes. The total transmit power across the entire network is fixed and appropriate power allocation can be implemented to optimize the network performance. The relay nodes do not require decoding and demodulation operation, resulting in a low complexity. Besides, there is no delay for forwarding the OFDM symbols to the destination node. At the destination node the received signals have the corresponding STBC structure on each subcarrier. In order to reduce the decoding complexity, the sphere decoder is implemented for fast data decoding. Bit error rate (BER) performance demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: We investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems in which attribute values take the form of interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy information. Firstly, some operational laws for interval-valued dual hesitation fuzzy elements (IVDHFEs) based on Einstein operations are developed. Then we develop some aggregation operators based on Einstein operations: the interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (IVDHFEWA) operator, interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (IVDHFEOWA) operator, interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein hybrid averaging (IVDHFEHA) operator, interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric (IVDHFEWG) operator, interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (IVDHFEOWG) operator, and interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric (IVDHFEHG) operator. Furthermore, we discuss some desirable properties of these operators, and investigate the relationship between the developed operators and the existing ones. Based on the IVDHFEWA operator, an approach to MADM problems is proposed under the interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the application of the developed method, and a comparison analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: In the context of anomaly detection in cyber physical systems (CPS), spatiotemporal correlations are crucial for high detection rate. This work presents a new quarter sphere support vector machine (QS-SVM) formulation based on the novel concept of attribute correlations. Our event detection approach, SensGru, groups multiple sensors on a single node and thus eliminates communication between sensor nodes without compromising the advantages of spatial correlation. It makes use of temporal-attribute (TA) correlations and is thus a TA-QS-SVM formulation. We show analytically that SensGru (or interchangeably TA-QS-SVM) results in a reduced node density and gives the same event detection performance as more dense Spatiotemporal-Attribute Quarter-Sphere SVM (STA-QS-SVM) formulation which exploits both spatiotemporal and attribute correlations. Moreover, this paper develops theoretical bounds on the internode distance, the optimal number of sensors, and the sensing range with SensGru so that the performance difference with SensGru and STA-QS-SVM is negligibly small. Both schemes achieve event detection rates as high as 100% and an extremely low false positive rate.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: In order to realize the high accuracy attitude control of satellite with flexible appendages, attitude control system consisting of the controller and structural filter was designed. When the low order vibration frequency of flexible appendages is approximating the bandwidth of attitude control system, the vibration signal will enter the control system through measurement device to bring impact on the accuracy or even the stability. In order to reduce the impact of vibration of appendages on the attitude control system, the structural filter is designed in terms of rejecting the vibration of flexible appendages. Considering the potential problem of in-orbit frequency variation of the flexible appendages, the design method for the adaptive notch filter is proposed based on the in-orbit identification technology. Finally, the simulation results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: We proposed a simple and effective method, by coupling ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems (IL-ATPSs) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for the analysis of determining tartrazine and sunset yellow in food samples. Under the optimized conditions, IL-ATPSs generated an extraction efficiency of 99% for both analytes, which could then be directly analyzed by HPLC without further treatment. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.01–50.0 μg/mL for both Ta and SY. The limits of detection were 5.2 ng/mL for Ta and 6.9 ng/mL for SY. This method proves successful for the separation/analysis of tartrazine and sunset yellow in soft drink sample, candy sample, and instant powder drink and leads to consistent results as obtained from the Chinese national standard method.
    Print ISSN: 2090-8865
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-12-08
    Description: Although polynomial NARX models have been intensively used in nonlinear system identification, few papers discussed how to relate the inner nonlinearities to specific types of clusters and regressors. The objective of this paper is to discuss this relationship for a class of systems that contain even or odd nonlinearities. This class covers block-structured models (Hammerstein, Wiener, and others) and systems with dynamic nonlinearities. To achieve the paper’s aim, a deep frequency-domain analysis is performed. For each type of nonlinearity, all the NARX clusters are investigated and the results show that each regressor type provides specific nonlinear contribution. The investigation is based on an output power spectra analysis when a specific multisinusoidal excitation is applied. According to the spectral contributions in some of the frequency lines, the nonlinearity classification is possible. By applying the same procedure to the clusters, one interprets how these clusters can (or not) contribute to explain the system nonlinearity. The paper findings have two major impacts: (i) one gains deep knowledge on how the nonlinearities are coded by the clusters, and (ii) this information can be used, for instance, to aid a structure selection procedure (ERR, term clustering, etc.) during the discarding of the clusters which are not able to explain the system nonlinear behavior. Some practical and experimental aspects are discussed, while numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the theoretical analysis.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-12-08
    Description: The aim of this paper is to analyze load-carrying capacity of redundant free-floating space manipulators (FFSM) in trajectory tracking task. Combined with the analysis of influential factors in load-carrying process, evaluation of maximum load-carrying capacity (MLCC) is described as multiconstrained nonlinear programming problem. An efficient algorithm based on repeated line search within discontinuous feasible region is presented to determine MLCC for a given trajectory of the end-effector and corresponding joint path. Then, considering the influence of MLCC caused by different initial configurations for the starting point of given trajectory, a kind of maximum payload initial configuration planning method is proposed by using PSO algorithm. Simulations are performed for a particular trajectory tracking task of the 7-DOF space manipulator, of which MLCC is evaluated quantitatively. By in-depth research of the simulation results, significant gap between the values of MLCC when using different initial configurations is analyzed, and the discontinuity of allowable load-carrying capacity is illustrated. The proposed analytical method can be taken as theoretical foundation of feasibility analysis, trajectory optimization, and optimal control of trajectory tracking task in on-orbit load-carrying operations.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: We revisit the derivation of a nonlocal problem modelling temperature distribution due to power generation using thermoelectric effect. The problem has nonlocal coefficients in reaction and convection terms rather than diffusion term, which makes the problem more interesting. In this paper, we prove that the nonlocal problem has a unique decreasing solution when electric current induced by the thermoelectric effect is small enough.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: This paper shows the development of an approximate analytical solution of radial consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains with a threshold gradient. To understand the effect of the threshold gradient on consolidation, a parametric analysis was performed using the present solution. The applicability of the present solution was demonstrated in two cases, wherein the comparisons with Hansbo’s results and observed data were conducted. It was found that (1) the flow with the threshold gradient would not occur instantaneously throughout the whole unit cell. Rather, it gradually occurs from the vertical drain to the outside; (2) the moving boundary would never reach the outer radius of influence if , whereas it will reach the outer radius of influence at some time; (3) the excess pore pressure will not be dissipated completely, but it will maintain a long-term stable value at the end of consolidation; (4) the larger the threshold gradient is, the greater the long-term excess pore pressure will be; and (5) the present solution could predict the consolidation behavior in soft clay better than previous methods.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution imposes increasingly heavy traffic burden on the Internet service providers (ISPs). The vast volume of traffic pushes up ISPs’ costs in routing and investment and degrades their networks performance. Building ISP-friendly P2P is therefore of critical importance for ISPs and P2P services. So far most efforts in this area focused on improving the locality-awareness of P2P applications, for example, to construct overlay networks with better knowledge of the underlying network topology. There is, however, growing recognition that data scheduling algorithms also play an effective role in P2P traffic reduction. In this paper, we introduce the advanced locality-aware network coding (ALANC) for P2P file distribution. This data scheduling algorithm completely avoids the transmission of linearly dependent data blocks, which is a notable problem of previous network coding algorithms. Our simulation results show that, in comparison to other algorithms, ALANC not only significantly reduces interdomain P2P traffic, but also remarkably improves both the application-level performance (for P2P services) and the network-level performance (for ISP networks). For example, ALANC is 30% faster in distributing data blocks and it reduces the average traffic load on the underlying links by 40%. We show that ALANC holds the above gains when the tit-for-tat incentive mechanism is introduced or the overlay topology changes dynamically.
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: In most of the hazardous material transportation problems, risk factors are assumed to be constant, which ignores the fact that they can vary with time throughout the day. In this paper, we deal with a novel time-dependent hazardous material transportation problem via lane reservation, in which the dynamic nature of transportation risk in the real-life traffic environment is taken into account. We first develop a multiobjective mixed integer programming (MIP) model with two conflicting objectives: minimizing the impact on the normal traffic resulting from lane reservation and minimizing the total transportation risk. We then present a cut-and-solve based -constraint method to solve this model. Computational results indicate that our method outperforms the -constraint method based on optimization software package CPLEX.
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: At the CO2 storage pilot site near the town of Ketzin (35 km west of Berlin, Germany) the sandstone reservoir at 630 m–650 m depth is thin and heterogeneous. The time-lapse analysis of zero-offset VSP measurements shows that CO2-induced amplitude changes can be observed on near-well corridor stacks. Further, we investigate whether CO2-induced amplitude changes in the monitoring data can be used to derive geometrical and petrophysical parameters governing the migration of CO2 within a brine saturated sandstone aquifer. 2D seismic-elastic modelling is done to test the processing workflow and to perform a wedge modelling study for estimation of the vertical expansion of the CO2 plume. When using the NRMS error as a measure for the similarity between the modelled and recorded repeat traces, the best match is achieved for a plume thickness of 6-7 m within the reservoir sandstone of 8 m thickness. With band limited impedance inversion a velocity reduction at the top of the reservoir of 30%, influenced by casing reverberations as well as CO2 injection, is found. The relation of seismic amplitude to CO2 saturated layer thickness and CO2-induced changes in P-wave velocities are important parameters for the quantification of the injected CO2 volume.
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: We present the hierarchical interactive lasso penalized logistic regression using the coordinate descent algorithm based on the hierarchy theory and variables interactions. We define the interaction model based on the geometric algebra and hierarchical constraint conditions and then use the coordinate descent algorithm to solve for the coefficients of the hierarchical interactive lasso model. We provide the results of some experiments based on UCI datasets, Madelon datasets from NIPS2003, and daily activities of the elder. The experimental results show that the variable interactions and hierarchy contribute significantly to the classification. The hierarchical interactive lasso has the advantages of the lasso and interactive lasso.
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Train-induced vibration of steel truss bridges is one of the key issues in bridge engineering. This paper talks about the application of tuned mass damper (TMD) on the vibration control of a steel truss bridge subjected to dynamic train loads. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (NYRB) is taken as the research object and a recorded typical train load is included in this study. With dynamic finite element (FE) method, the real-time dynamic responses of NYRB are analyzed based on a simplified train-bridge time-varying system. Thereinto, two cases including single train moving at one side and two trains moving oppositely are specifically investigated. According to the dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of NYRB, the fourth vertical bending mode is selected as the control target and the parameter sensitivity analysis on vibration control efficiency with TMD is conducted. Using the first-order optimization method, the optimal parameters of TMD are then acquired with the control efficiency of TMD, the static displacement of Midspan, expenditure of TMDs, and manufacture difficulty of the damper considered. Results obtained in this study can provide references for the vibration control of steel truss bridges.
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: The flow rate variation of the drilling fluid and micro-overflow loss is difficult to analyze. The purpose to prevent the occurrence of kick, lost circulation, and other complex conditions is not easy to be achieved. Therefore, the microflow-induced annulus multiphase flow rate and annulus pressure field model were studied, and a downhole microflow measurement system has been developed. A differential pressure type flow measurement was used in the system, and real-time downhole information was obtained to achieve deep, narrow windows and other safety-density complex formation security. This paper introduced a new bottom-hole flow meter which can measure the annular flux while drilling and monitor overflow and circulation loss. The accuracy and reliability of the MPD (managed pressure drilling) system can be improved obviously by applying the device; as a result, the safety of drilling is enhanced and the cost is reduced.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: The effects of the inhalation of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil (EO) and geraniol on Wistar rats were evaluated for biochemical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress. Wistar rats were divided into three groups : G1 was control group, treated with saline solution; G2 received geraniol; and G3 received C. martinii EO by inhalation during 30 days. No significant differences were observed in glycemia and triacylglycerol levels; G2 and G3 decreased total cholesterol level. There were no differences in serum protein, urea, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and total hepatic protein. Creatinine levels increased in G2 but decreased in G3. Alanine aminotransferase activity and lipid hydroperoxide were higher in G2 than in G3. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in G3. C. martinii EO and geraniol increased glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress caused by geraniol may have triggered some degree of hepatic toxicity, as verified by the increase in serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase. Therefore, the beneficial effects of EO on oxidative stress can prevent the toxicity in the liver. This proves possible interactions between geraniol and numerous chemical compounds present in C. martinii EO.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: Our paper deals with a new computational approach to optimal control design for a class of switched systems. The control strategy we propose is based on the conventional proximal point method applied to a specific optimal control problem (OCP) with switched dynamics. The class of OCPs under consideration is widely applicable in optimization of real-world electronic systems. We create constructive approximations for the initially given sophisticated OCP, establish numerical stability (consistency) of the resulting algorithm, and develop an optimal control strategy. We finally discuss some implementability issues, study an illustrative example, and also point to possible generalizations of the elaborated control design in the context of nonlinear hybrid systems.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: This paper studies linear systems under sustained additive random perturbations. The stable operating point of an electric power system is replaced by an attracting stationary solution if the system is subjected to (small) random additive perturbations. The invariant distribution of this stationary solution gives rise to several performance indices that measure how well the system copes with the randomness. These indices are introduced, showing how they can be used for the optimal tuning of system parameters in the presence of noise. Results on a four-generator two-area system are presented and discussed.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: This paper mainly studies the state feedback stabilizability of a class of nonlinear stochastic systems with state- and control-dependent noise. Some sufficient conditions on local and global state feedback stabilizations are given in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and generalized algebraic Riccati equations (GAREs). Some obtained results improve the previous work.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Description: Ambient levels of lead (Pb) in PM10 were studied at a site in Central Delhi for the period of one year during day and night. The annual mean concentration of lead has been observed as 625 and 1051 ng/m3 during day and night time, respectively. The seasonal averaged concentrations of Pb have followed the order winter 〉 postmonsoon 〉 summer 〉 monsoon. Highest levels of lead have been observed in winter with 31% samples exceeding the CPCB-NAAQS value as 1000 ng/m3. Lead levels during winter have been found to be 5.7 times higher than in monsoon, which might be attributed to prevailing meteorological conditions and more biomass burning. The low levels of Pb during summer might be attributed to its higher dispersion in the atmosphere. A sharp rise of Pb during postmonsoon might be linked to the local nonpoint sources, more biomass burning, and shifting of boundary layer. However, the higher concentrations of lead were observed during night time in all the seasons of the year as compared to those of the day time. To identify the potential source regions of Pb, Concentration Weighted Trajectories (CWT) have been plotted which showed higher influence of local sources during winter and postmonsoon while showing distant sources during summer.
    Print ISSN: 2314-4122
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Description: Two numerical models to obtain the solution of the KdV equation are proposed. Numerical tools, compact fourth-order and standard fourth-order finite difference techniques, are applied to the KdV equation. The fundamental conservative properties of the equation are preserved by the finite difference methods. Linear stability analysis of two methods is presented by the Von Neumann analysis. The new methods give second- and fourth-order accuracy in time and space, respectively. The numerical experiments show that the proposed methods improve the accuracy of the solution significantly.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water budget. Estimation ET through remote sensing over a mountainous terrain is typically obstructed by topographic effects. In this paper, topographic corrections were applied to ET estimates using the surface-air temperature difference-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (()-NDVI) triangle method with MODIS data for the Taihu Basin in China. The effect of topography on ET was evaluated over an area with a complex terrain. After applying the topographic correction, the results indicate that the ET decreased with elevation and slope. The slope had a stronger impact on ET than the elevation, which caused the corrected ET to decrease by 90% from 6.8 mm day−1 to 0.6 mm day−1 for slopes over 50°. On average, the corrected ET decreased by 10.4% and 32.1% for north- and south-facing slopes, respectively. The ET corrected using the triangle method strongly depended on the evaporative fraction correction, which can mainly be attributed to the surface temperature correction. We conclude that a topographic correction is necessary when the triangle method is applied to areas with a complex terrain.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Description: Assembly is the part that produces the maximum workload and consumed time during product design and manufacturing process. CNC machine tool is the key basic equipment in manufacturing industry and research on assembly design technologies of CNC machine tool has theoretical significance and practical value. This study established a simplified ASRG for CNC machine tool. The connection between parts, semantic information of transmission, and geometric constraint information were quantified to assembly connection strength to depict the assembling difficulty level. The transmissibility based on trust relationship was applied on the assembly connection strength. Assembly unit partition based on assembly connection strength was conducted, and interferential assembly units were identified and revised. The assembly sequence planning and optimization of parts in each assembly unit and between assembly units was conducted using genetic algorithm. With certain type of high speed CNC turning center, as an example, this paper explored into the assembly modeling, assembly unit partition, and assembly sequence planning and optimization and realized the optimized assembly sequence of headstock of CNC machine tool.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Concentrations of Cu, Cr, and As in soils surrounding 26 Douglas Fir Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) treated utility poles and in rainwater runoff from a new CCA treated utility pole segment (log) suspended outside in a cylinder were studied. The age of the utility poles, distances from the poles, rainfall amounts, and characteristics of soil samples including cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) were considered. Heavier rainfall, damp conditions, and more weathered poles contributed to the greatest leaching of Cu, Cr, and As. The maximum measured soil concentrations of Cu, Cr, and As were 37.5, 65.5, and 38.9 mmol/kg and maximum Cu, Cr, and As concentrations in rainwater run-off were 14, 77.7 and 55.8 μmol/L. Metal concentrations decreased with distance from the poles and, except at one utility pole location, Cu was the most leached of the three elements. The As appeared to have greater mobility in the soil than the Cr. Along the transmission line nearest the coast and from which the greatest amount of samples was collected, soil CEC and TOC values were the highest and the CEC and TOC were directly and strongly correlated.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7667
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    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Support system for safe driving heavily depends on global navigation satellite system. Pseudoranges between satellites and vehicles are measured to compute vehicles’ positions and their relative positions. In urban areas, however, multipath errors (MPEs) in pseudoranges, caused by obstruction and reflection of roadside buildings, greatly degrade the precision of relative positions. On the other hand, simply removing all reflected signals might lead to a shortage of satellites in fixing positions. In our previous work, we suggested solving this dilemma by cooperative relative positioning (CoRelPos) which exploits spatial correlation of MPEs. In this paper, we collected the trace data of pseudoranges by driving cars in urban areas, analyzed the properties of MPEs (specifically, their dependency on signal strength, elevation angles of satellites, and receivers’ speeds), and highlighted their spatial correlation. On this basis, the CoRelPos scheme is refined by considering the dynamics of MPEs. Evaluation results under practical vehicular scenarios confirm that properties of MPEs can be exploited to improve the precision of relative positions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5990
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: In order to simplify key management, two-party and three-party key agreement schemes based on user identities have been proposed recently. Multiparty (including more than three parties) key agreement protocols, which also are called conference key schemes, can be applied to distributed systems and wireless environments, such as ad hoc networks, for the purpose of multiparty secure communication. However, it is hard to extend two- or three-party schemes to multiparty ones with the guarantee of efficiency and security. In addition to the above two properties, interdomain environments should also be considered in key agreement systems due to diversified network domains. However, only few identity-based multiparty conference key agreement schemes for single domain environments and none for interdomain environments were proposed in the literature and they did not satisfy all of the security attributes such as forward secrecy and withstanding impersonation. In this paper, we will propose a novel efficient single domain identity-based multiparty conference key scheme and extend it to an interdomain one. Finally, we prove that the proposed schemes satisfy the required security attributes via formal methods.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Automatic human motion tracking in video sequences is one of the most frequently tackled tasks in computer vision community. The goal of human motion capture is to estimate the joints angles of human body at any time. However, this is one of the most challenging problem in computer vision and pattern recognition due to the high-dimensional search space, self-occlusion, and high variability in human appearance. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature using different techniques. However, conventional approaches such as stochastic particle filtering have shortcomings in computational cost, slowness of convergence, suffers from the curse of dimensionality and demand a high number of evaluations to achieve accurate results. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based globalized search algorithm which has been successfully applied to address human motion tracking problem and produced better results in high-dimensional search space. This paper presents a systematic literature survey on the PSO algorithm and its variants to human motion tracking. An attempt is made to provide a guide for the researchers working in the field of PSO based human motion tracking from video sequences. Additionally, the paper also presents the performance of various model evaluation search strategies within PSO tracking framework for 3D pose tracking.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Solar sail can merely make use of solar radiation pressure (SRP) force as the thrust for space missions. The attitude dynamics is obtained for the highly flexible solar sail with control vanes, sliding masses, and a gimbaled control boom. The vibration equations are derived considering the geometric nonlinearity of the sail structure subjected to the forces generated by the control vanes, solar radiation pressure (SRP), and sliding masses. Then the dynamic models for attitude/vibration controller design and dynamic simulation are obtained, respectively. The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based and optimal proportional-integral (PI) based controllers are designed for the coupled attitude/vibration models with constant disturbance torques caused by the center-of-mass (cm)/center-of-pressure (cp) offset, respectively. It can be concluded from the theoretical analysis and simulation results that the optimal PI based controller performs better than the LQR based controller from the view of eliminating the steady-state errors. The responses with and without the geometrical nonlinearity are performed, and the differences are observed and analyzed. And some suggestions are also presented.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Bearingless induction motor is a multi-variable, nonlinear and strong coupling object, the existing inverse control method ignores the stator current dynamics of torque system. Aiming at its nonlinear and strong coupling problems, a novel combinatorial decoupling control strategy based on stator flux orientation and inverse system method is proposed. Taking the stator current dynamics of four-pole torque system into account, the reversibility and inverse system model of torque system are analyzed and established. Adopting the inverse system method, the dynamic decoupling between motor speed and stator flux-linkage is achieved; by online identification and calculation, the airgap flux-linkage of torque system is got. Based on above, feedback and compensation control of two radial displacement components of two-pole suspension system is realized. Simulation results have shown the higher decoupling control performance and stronger anti-interference ability of the decoupling control system; the proposed decoupling strategy not only owns the characteristics of be simple and convenient, but also is effective and feasible.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2014-11-30
    Description: Since the phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit was proposed in the 1930s, it is being used for a lot of situations when precise frequency and phase references are required. Among these applications, synchronous telecommunication networks experienced a strong development in order to support the explosive information traffic that the modern society demands. Consequently, bandwidth became a decisive parameter, implying higher and higher frequencies for the clock signals exchanged between the nodes of the networks and detected by PLLs. The necessity to improve clock precision that follows the bandwidth increase provoked the improvement of the filter component of the PLLs, avoiding instability and high-frequency components in the reference signals. Here, a technique of designing this kind of filter is presented, considering second-order filters, implying third-order PLLs. Simulations show that following this technique produces very fast tracking processes, enabling precise operation even for very high frequencies.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2014-11-30
    Description: We consider a multiserver queueing system with an infinite buffer and two types of customers. The flow of customers is described by two Markovian arrival processes (MAPs). Type 1 customers have absolute priority over type 2 customers. If the arriving type 1 customer encounters all servers busy, but some of them provide service to type 2 customers, service of one type 2 customer is terminated and type 1 customer occupies the released server. To avoid too frequent termination of service of type 2 customers, we suggest reservation of some number of servers for type 1 customers. Type 2 customers, who do not succeed to get a server upon arrival or are knocked out from a server, join the buffer or leave the system forever. During a waiting period in the buffer, type 2 customers can be impatient and may leave the system forever. The ergodicity condition of the system is derived in an analytically tractable form. The stationary distribution of the system states and the main performance measures are calculated. The Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the waiting time distribution of an arbitrary type 2 customer is derived. Numerical examples are presented. The problem of the optimal channel reservation is numerically solved.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Hong Kong Observatory currently uses a series of meteorological instruments, including long-range LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems, to provide alerting services of low-level windshear and turbulence for Hong Kong International Airport. For some events that are smaller in spatial dimensions and are rapidly changing, such as low altitude windshear and turbulence associated with buildings or man-made structures, it would be necessary to involve meteorological instruments that offer greater spatial resolution. Therefore, the Observatory has set up a short-range LIDAR on the roof of the AsiaWorld-Expo during the summers over the past several years, conducting field research on the feasibility of strengthening early alerting for windshear and turbulence over the north runway’s eastern arrival runway (Runway 25RA) and developing an automated early alerting algorithm. This paper takes the pilot reports for Runway 25RA during the 2013 field research as verification samples, using different thresholds for radial wind velocity spatial and temporal changes detected by the short-range LIDAR to calculate the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and analyzes its early alerting performance.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been synthesized in aqueous solutions using sodium citrate (SC) and tannic acid (TA) as reducing and stabilizing agents. Upon addition of TA and compared to the GNP TA-free aqueous solutions, a reduction of the GNPs size and consequently a dramatic change of their optical properties have been observed and quantitatively analyzed using Mie theory. An increase in the concentration of TA reveals a modification of the colloidal solution refractive index that is evidenced by the shift in the peak position of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band. The variations of the peak absorbance with the TA concentration are examined in the low and high concentration regimes.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8760
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: The bilinear operator and F-expansion method are applied jointly to study ()-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. An exact cusped solitary wave solution is obtained by using the extended single-soliton test function and its mechanical feature which blows up periodically in finite time for cusped solitary wave is investigated. By constructing the extended double-soliton test function, a new type of exact traveling wave solution describing the assimilation of solitary wave and periodic traveling wave is also presented. Our results validate the effectiveness for joint application of the bilinear operator and F-expansion method.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: In order to model emergency rescue location problem with uncertain rescue time, an uncertain expected cost minimization model is proposed under uncertain environment. For solving this model, we convert the uncertain model to its equivalent deterministic form. Finally, a numerical example has been presented to illustrate the model. The computational results which were solved by the down mountain algorithm are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: When vehicles are driven on consecutive speed control humps, the parameters of speed control humps such as height, width, and space and vehicle’s speed are the important factors to affect safety and comfort of passengers. The paper assumes that the excitation function of the consecutive speed control humps is a half-sine wave and a SCHs-speed coupling excitation model called 7-DOF nonlinear full-vehicle model and differential equation are established by introducing the time delay of incentive input and then by using numerical simulation to analyze chaotic vibration in 7-DOF nonlinear full-vehicle model excited by consecutive speed control humps. The numerical simulation results show that chaotic vibration phenomenon possibly appears as vehicles are driven on consecutive speed control humps. Further studies indicate that the influence of nonlinear running state of vehicle on driving comfort becomes manifest as the state changes from chaotic motions to the periodic motion of the high speed and the periodic motion of the low speed, and this phenomenon can be avoided by changing the parameters of consecutive speed control humps. The results can be applied in design of vehicle and road humps pavement.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: This paper presents a method to control chaotic behavior of a typical Smart Grid based on generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model (GFHM). As more and more distributed generations (DG) are incorporated into the Smart Grid, the chaotic behavior occurs increasingly. To verify the behavior, a dynamic model which describes a power system with DG is presented firstly. Then, the simulation result shows that the power system can lead to chaos under certain initial conditions. Based on the universal approximation of GFHM, we confirm that the chaotic behavior could be suppressed by a new controller, which is designed by means of solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI). This approach could make a good application to suppress the chaos in Smart Grid. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed chaotic suppression strategy.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2014-12-03
    Description: The fungus species Wolfiporia extensa has a long history of medicinal usage and has also been commercially used to formulate nutraceuticals and functional foods in certain Asian countries. In the present study, a practical and promising method has been developed to discriminate the dried sclerotium of W. extensa collected from different geographical sites based on UV spectroscopy together with chemometrics methods. Characteristic fingerprint of low polar constituents of sample extracts that originated from chloroform has been obtained in the interval 250–400 nm. Chemometric pattern recognition methods such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to enhance the authenticity of discrimination of the specimens. The results showed that W. extensa samples were well classified according to their geographical origins. The proposed method can fully utilize diversified fingerprint characteristics of sclerotium of W. extensa and requires low-cost equipment and short-time analysis in comparison with other techniques. Meanwhile, this simple and efficient method may serve as a basis for the authentication of other medicinal fungi.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2014-01-12
    Description: This paper applies recent research on structural damage description to earthquake-resistant design concepts. Based on the primary design aim of life safety, this work adopts the necessity of additional protection aims for property, installation, and equipment. This requires the definition of damage indicators, which are able to quantify the arising structural damage. As in present design, it applies nonlinear quasistatic (pushover) concepts due to code provisions as simplified dynamic design tools. Substituting so nonlinear time-history analyses, seismic low-cycle fatigue of RC structures is approximated in similar manner. The treatment will be embedded into a finite element environment, and the tangential stiffness matrix in tangential subspaces then is identified as the most general entry for structural damage information. Its spectra of eigenvalues or natural frequencies of the structure serve to derive damage indicators , applicable to quasistatic evaluation of seismic damage. Because det denotes structural failure, such damage indicators range from virgin situation to failure and thus correspond with FEMA proposals on performance-based seismic design. Finally, the developed concept is checked by reanalyses of two experimentally investigated RC frames.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2014-01-13
    Description: Tracking target with coordinated turn (CT) motion is highly dependent on the models and algorithms. First, the widely used models are compared in this paper—coordinated turn (CT) model with known turn rate, augmented coordinated turn (ACT) model with Cartesian velocity, ACT model with polar velocity, CT model using a kinematic constraint, and maneuver centered circular motion model. Then, in the single model tracking framework, the tracking algorithms for the last four models are compared and the suggestions on the choice of models for different practical target tracking problems are given. Finally, in the multiple models (MM) framework, the algorithm based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is derived, including both the batch form and the recursive form. Compared with the widely used interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm, the EM algorithm shows its effectiveness.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2014-01-13
    Description: On the basis of GARCH-RV-type model, we decomposed the realized volatility into continuous sample path variation and discontinuous jump variation, then proposed a new volatility model which we call the GARCH-type model with continuous and jump variation (GARCH-CJ-type model). By using the 5-minute high frequency data of HUSHEN 300 index in China, we estimated parameters of the GARCH-type model, the GARCH-RV-type model, and the GARCH-CJ-type model and compared the three types of models’ predictive power to the future volatility. The results show that the realized volatility and the continuous sample path variation have certain predictive power for future volatility, but the discontinuous jump variation does not have that kind of function. What is more, the GARCH-CJ-type model has a more power to predict the future volatility than the other two types of models. Therefore, the GARCH-CJ-type model is much more useful for the research on the capital assets pricing, the derivative security valuation, and so on.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: This paper is concerned with a new filtering problem in networked control systems (NCSs) subject to limited communication capacity, which includes measurement quantization, random transmission delay, and packets loss. The measurements are first quantized via a logarithmic quantizer and then transmitted through a digital communication network with random delay and packet loss. The three communication constraints phenomena which can be seen as a class of uncertainties are formulated by a stochastic parameter uncertainty system. The purpose of the paper is to design a linear filter such that, for all the communication constraints, the error state of the filtering process is mean square bounded and the steady-state variance of the estimation error for each state is not more than the individual prescribed upper bound. It is shown that the desired filtering can effectively be solved if there are positive definite solutions to a couple of algebraic Riccati-like inequalities or linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed design approach.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: The extend finite element method (XFEM) is popular in structural mechanics when dealing with the problem of the cracked domains. XFEM ends up with a linear system. However, XFEM usually leads to nonsymmetric and ill-conditioned stiff matrix. In this paper, we take the linear elastostatics governing equations as the model problem. We propose a new iterative method to solve the linear equations. Here we separate two variables and Enr, so that we change the problems into solving the smaller scale equations iteratively. The new program can be easily applied. Finally, numerical examples show that the proposed method is more efficient than common methods; we compare the -error and the CPU time in whole process. Furthermore, the new XFEM can be applied and optimized in many other problems.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Due to the specific structure of surfactants molecules they are applied in different areas of human activity (industry, household). After using and discharging from wastewater treatment plants as effluent stream, surface active agents (SAAs) are emitted to various elements of the environment (atmosphere, waters, and solid phases), where they can undergo numerous physic-chemical processes (e.g., sorption, degradation) and freely migrate. Additionally, SAAs present in the environment can be accumulated in living organisms (bioaccumulation), what can have a negative effect on biotic elements of ecosystems (e.g., toxicity, disturbance of endocrine equilibrium). They also cause increaseing solubility of organic pollutants in aqueous phase, their migration, and accumulation in different environmental compartments. Moreover, surfactants found in aerosols can affect formation and development of clouds, which is associated with cooling effect in the atmosphere and climate changes. The environmental fate of SAAs is still unknown and recognition of this problem will contribute to protection of living organisms as well as preservation of quality and balance of various ecosystems. This work contains basic information about surfactants and overview of pollution of different ecosystems caused by them (their classification and properties, areas of use, their presence, and behavior in the environment).
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: In CAD/CAM systems, rational polynomials, in particular the Bézier or NURBS forms, are useful to approximate the circular arcs. In this paper, a new representation method by means of rational cubic Timmer (RCT) curves is proposed to effectively represent a circular arc. The turning angle of a rational cubic Bézier and rational cubic Ball circular arcs without negative weight is still not more than and , respectively. The turning angle of proposed approach is more than Bézier and Ball circular arcs with easier calculation and determination of control points. The proposed method also provides the easier modification in the shape of circular arc showing in several numerical examples.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Developing matching algorithms from stereo image pairs to obtain correct disparity maps for 3D reconstruction has been the focus of intensive research. A constant computational complexity algorithm to calculate dissimilarity aggregation in assessing disparity based on separable successive weighted summation (SWS) among horizontal and vertical directions was proposed but still not satisfactory. This paper presents a novel method which enables decoupled dissimilarity measure in the aggregation, further improving the accuracy and robustness of stereo correspondence. The aggregated cost is also used to refine disparities based on a local curve-fitting procedure. According to our experimental results on Middlebury benchmark evaluation, the proposed approach has comparable performance when compared with the selected state-of-the-art algorithms and has the lowest mismatch rate. Besides, the refinement procedure is shown to be capable of preserving object boundaries and depth discontinuities while smoothing out disparity maps.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Link prediction tries to infer the likelihood of the existence of a link between two nodes in a network. It has important theoretical and practical value. To date, many link prediction algorithms have been proposed. However, most of these studies assumed that links of network are undirected. In this paper, we focus on link prediction in directed networks. We provide an efficient and effective link prediction method, which consists of three steps as follows: (1) we locate the similar nodes of a target node; (2) we identify candidates that the similar nodes link to; and (3) we rank candidates using weighing schemes. We conduct experiments to evaluate the accuracy of our proposed method using real microblog data. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: The -dimensional folded hypercube is an important and attractive variant of the -dimensional hypercube , which is obtained from by adding an edge between any pair of vertices complementary edges. is superior to in many measurements, such as the diameter of which is , about a half of the diameter in terms of . The Kirchhoff index is the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices in . In this paper, we established the relationships between the folded hypercubes networks and its three variant networks , , and on their Kirchhoff index, by deducing the characteristic polynomial of the Laplacian matrix in spectral graph theory. Moreover, the explicit formulae for the Kirchhoff indexes of , , , and were proposed, respectively.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Service chain discovery and recommendation are significant in services composition. A complex network module based algorithm using services invocable relations is proposed to search useful service chains on the network. Furthermore, a new scheme for discovering composite services processes automatically and recommending service chains by ranking their QoS is provided. Simulations are carried out and the results indicate that some useful service chains in the dataset provided by the WSC2009 can be found by the new algorithm.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2014-01-20
    Description: Due to the centralized management of information communication network, the network operator have to face these pressures, which come from the increasing network alarms and maintenance efficiency. The effective analysis on mining of the network alarm association rules is achieved by incorporating classic data association mining algorithm and swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. From the related concept of the information communication network, the paper analyzes the data characteristics and association logic of the network alarms. Besides, the alarm data are preprocessed and the main standardization information fields are screened. The APPSO algorithm is proposed on the basis of combining the evaluation method for support and confidence coefficient in the Apriori (AP) algorithm as well as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. By establishing a sparse linked list, the algorithm is able to calculate the particle support thus further improving the performance of the APPSO algorithm. Based on the test for the network alarm data, it is discovered that rational setting of the particle swarm scale and number of iterations of the APPSO algorithm can be used to mine the vast majority and even all of the association rules and the mining efficiency is significantly improved, compared with Apriori algorithm.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: Because of the limitation of budget, in the planning of road works, increased efforts should be made on links that are more critical to the whole traffic system. Therefore, it would be helpful to model and evaluate the vulnerability and reliability of the transportation network when the network design is processing. This paper proposes a bilevel transportation network design model, in which the upper level is to minimize the performance of the network under the given budgets, while the lower level is a typical user equilibrium assignment problem. A new solution approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is presented. The topological effects on the performance of transportation networks are studied with the consideration of three typical networks, regular lattice, random graph, and small-world network. Numerical examples and simulations are presented to demonstrate the proposed model.
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: A three-phase induction motor used as a propulsion system for the electric vehicle (EV) is a nonlinear, multi-input multi-output, and strong coupling system. For such a complicated model system with unmeasured and unavoidable disturbances, as well as parameter variations, the conventional vector control method cannot meet the demands of high-performance control. Therefore, a novel control strategy named least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) inverse control is presented in the paper. Invertibility of the induction motor in the constant control mode is proved to confirm its feasibility. The LSSVM inverse is composed of an LSSVM approximating the nonlinear mapping of the induction motor and two integrators. The inverse model of the constant -controlled induction motor drive is obtained by using LSSVM, and then the optimal parameters of LSSVM are determined automatically by applying a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO). Cascading the LSSVM inverse with the induction motor drive system, the pseudolinear system can be obtained. Thus, it is easy to design the closed-loop linear regulator. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: Based on the basic physical meaning of error and error variety , this paper analyzes the logical relationship between them and uses Universal Combinatorial Operation Model in Universal Logic to describe it. Accordingly, a flexible logic control method is put forward to realize effective control on multivariable nonlinear system. In order to implement fusion control with artificial neural network, this paper proposes a new neuron model of Zero-level Universal Combinatorial Operation in Universal Logic. And the artificial neural network of flexible logic control model is implemented based on the proposed neuron model. Finally, stability control, anti-interference control of double inverted-pendulum system, and free walking of cart pendulum system on a level track are realized, showing experimentally the feasibility and validity of this method.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: A novel fault detection method is proposed for detection process with nonlinearity and multimodal batches. Calculating the Mahalanobis distance of samples, the data with the similar characteristics are replaced by the mean of them; thus, the number of training data is reduced easily. Moreover, the super ball regions of mean and variance of training data are presented, which not only retains the statistical properties of original training data but also avoids the reduction of data unlimitedly. To accurately identify faults, two control limits are determined during investigating the distributions of distances and angles between training samples to their nearest neighboring samples in the reduced database; thus, the traditional -nearest neighbors (only considering distances) fault detection (FD-kNN) method is developed. Another feature of the proposed detection method is that the control limits vary with updating database such that an adaptive fault detection technique is obtained. Finally, numerical examples and case study are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: This paper experimentally investigates the effect of nine chaotic maps on the performance of two Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) variants, namely, Random Inertia Weight PSO (RIW-PSO) and Linear Decreasing Inertia Weight PSO (LDIW-PSO) algorithms. The applications of logistic chaotic map by researchers to these variants have led to Chaotic Random Inertia Weight PSO (CRIW-PSO) and Chaotic Linear Decreasing Inertia Weight PSO (CDIW-PSO) with improved optimizing capability due to better global search mobility. However, there are many other chaotic maps in literature which could perhaps enhance the performances of RIW-PSO and LDIW-PSO more than logistic map. Some benchmark mathematical problems well-studied in literature were used to verify the performances of RIW-PSO and LDIW-PSO variants using the nine chaotic maps in comparison with logistic chaotic map. Results show that the performances of these two variants were improved more by many of the chaotic maps than by logistic map in many of the test problems. The best performance, in terms of function evaluations, was obtained by the two variants using Intermittency chaotic map. Results in this paper provide a platform for informative decision making when selecting chaotic maps to be used in the inertia weight formula of LDIW-PSO and RIW-PSO.
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: The proximal-based parallel decomposition methods were recently proposed to solve structured convex optimization problems. These algorithms are eligible for parallel computation and can be used efficiently for solving large-scale separable problems. In this paper, compared with the previous theoretical results, we show that the range of the involved parameters can be enlarged while the convergence can be still established. Preliminary numerical tests on stable principal component pursuit problem testify to the advantages of the enlargement.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: We present and study existing digital differential analyzer (DDA) algorithms for circle generation, including an improved two-step DDA algorithm which can be implemented solely in terms of elementary shifts, addition, and subtraction.
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    Topics: Computer Science , Technology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: Nowadays, positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in engineering. In this paper, a novel penalized maximum likelihood (PML) algorithm is presented for improving the quality of PET images. The proposed algorithm fuses an anisotropic median-diffusion (AMD) filter to the maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) algorithm. The fusing algorithm shows its positive effect on image reconstruction and denoising. Experimental results present that the proposed method denoises and reconstructs images with high quality. Furthermore, by comparing with other classical reconstructing algorithms, this novel algorithm shows better performance in the edge preservation.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: The main aim of this study is to develop an automated smart software platform to improve the time-consuming and laborious process of model updating. We investigate the key techniques of model updating based on intelligent optimization algorithms, that is, accuracy judgment methods for basic finite element model, parameter choice theory based on sensitivity analysis, commonly used objective functions and their construction methods, particle swarm optimization, and other intelligent optimization algorithms. An intelligent model updating prototype software framework is developed using the commercial software systems ANSYS and MATLAB. A parameterized finite element modeling technique is proposed to suit different bridge types and different model updating requirements. An objective function library is built to fit different updating targets. Finally, two case studies are conducted to verify the feasibility of the techniques used by the proposed software platform.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: We have undertaken an investigation of a kind of third-order equation called Agaciro equation within the folder of both integer and fractional order derivative. In the way of deriving the general exact solution of this equation, we employed the philosophy of the Green function together with some integral transform operators and special functions including but not limited to the Laplace, Fourier, and Mellin transform. We presented some examples of exact solution of this class of third-order equations for integer and fractional order derivative. It is important to point out that the value of Agaciro equation can be extended to describe assorted phenomenon in sciences.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: With increasing and more stringent requirements for advanced vehicle integration, including vehicle dynamics and control, traditional control and optimization strategies may not qualify for many applications. This is because, among other factors, they do not consider the nonlinear characteristics of practical systems. Moreover, the vehicle wheel model has some inadequacies regarding the sideslip angle, road adhesion coefficient, vertical load, and velocity. In this paper, an adaptive neural wheel network is introduced, and the interaction between the lateral and vertical dynamics of the vehicle is analyzed. By means of nonlinear analyses such as the use of a bifurcation diagram and the Lyapunov exponent, the vehicle is shown to exhibit complicated motions with increasing forward speed. Furthermore, electric power steering (EPS) and active suspension system (ASS), which are based on intelligent control, are used to reduce the nonlinear effect, and a negotiation algorithm is designed to manage the interdependences and conflicts among handling stability, driving smoothness, and safety. Further, a rapid control prototype was built using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform dSPACE and used to conduct a real vehicle test. The results of the test were consistent with those of the simulation, thereby validating the proposed control.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: A quantitative and qualitative study of interstitial fauna and environmental variables was carried out on five selected sandy beaches of the west coast of India. Species of nine interstitial taxa abound the beaches. Nematodes, harpacticoid copepods, turbellarians, and polychaetes constituted the bulk of the population. The available energy in the beaches ranged from 0.2245 to 16.08 joules/mg and the grain size varied from 0.93 to 2.88. Organic matter correlated significantly with coarse sand (Pearson correlation ; ). Organic carbon, particle size, and dissolved oxygen determined the abundance and distribution of interstitial fauna as per multivariate BIOENV analysis. Shannon Wiener diversity index was maximum at Cherai (2.027) and minimum at Sakthikulangara (1.144) beach. The value of nematode/copepod ratio (/) indicated at Sakthikulangara beach validates the increased sensitivity of harpacticoids to environmental stress.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9406
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel chemically defined as the mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fat. It is becoming more attractive as an alternative fuel due to the depleting fossil fuel resources. A mathematical model for the synthesis of biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats is presented in this study. Numerical solutions of the model are found using a spectral relaxation method. The method, originally developed for boundary value problems, is an iterative scheme based on the Chebyshev spectral collocation method developed by decoupling systems of equations using Gauss-Seidel type of techniques. The effects of the reaction rate constants and initial concentrations of the reactants on the amount of the final product are being investigated. The accuracy of the numerical results is validated by comparison with known analytical results and numerical results obtained using ode45, an efficient explicit 4th and 5th order Runge-Kutta method used to integrate both linear and nonlinear differential equations.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: The meshless Shepard and least-squares (MSLS) interpolation is a newly developed partition of unity- (PU-) based method which removes the difficulties with many other meshless methods such as the lack of the Kronecker delta property. The MSLS interpolation is efficient to compute and retain compatibility for any basis function used. In this paper, we extend the MSLS interpolation to the local Petrov-Galerkin weak form and adopt the duo nodal support domain. In the new formulation, there is no need for employing singular weight functions as is required in the original MSLS and also no need for background mesh for integration. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the present method.
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2014-01-12
    Description: Multi-spot-beam technique has been widely applied in modern satellite communication systems. However, the satellite power and bandwidth resources in a multi-spot-beam satellite communication system are scarce and expensive; it is urgent to utilize the resources efficiently. To this end, dynamically allocating the power and bandwidth is an available way. This paper initially formulates the problem of resource joint allocation as a convex optimization problem, taking into account a compromise between the maximum total system capacity and the fairness among the spot beams. A joint bandwidth and power allocation iterative algorithm based on duality theory is then proposed to obtain the optimal solution of this optimization problem. Compared with the existing separate bandwidth or power optimal allocation algorithms, it is shown that the joint allocation algorithm improves both the total system capacity and the fairness among spot beams. Moreover, it is easy to be implemented in practice, as the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear with the number of spot beams.
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2014-01-12
    Description: In practical structural health monitoring (SHM) process based on wireless sensor network (WSN), data loss often occurs during the data transmission between sensor nodes and the base station, which will affect the structural data analysis and subsequent decision making. In this paper, a method of recovering lost data in WSN based on compressive sensing (CS) is proposed. Compared with the existing methods, it is a simple and stable data recovery method and can obtain lower recovery data error for one-dimensional SHM’s data loss. First, response signal is measured onto the measurement data vector through inner products with random vectors. Note that is the linear projection of and is permitted to be lost in part during the transmission. Next, when the base station receives the incomplete data, the response signal can be reconstructed from the data vector using the CS method. Finally, the test of active structural damage identification on LF-21M aviation antirust aluminum plate is proposed. The response signal gathered from the aluminum plate is used to verify the data recovery ability of the proposed method.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2014-01-13
    Description: Global land use and land cover pattern has greatly changed in the past 50 years, which exerts direct or indirect influence on the climate change remarkably at both regional and global scales. Therefore, observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate is essential and has been continuously promoted by researchers. This paper explores the advancement in the models, data, and application for observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate and points out further research needs and priorities, which hopefully will provide some references for related studies.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2014-01-16
    Description: Nanodimensional layered metal hydroxides such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and hydroxy double salts (HDSs) can undergo anion exchange reactions releasing intercalated anions. Because of this, these metal hydroxides have found applications in controlled release delivery of bioactive species such as drugs and pesticides. In this work, isomers of hydroxycinnamate were used as model compounds to systematically explore the effects of anion structure on the rate and extent of anion release in HDSs. Following intercalation and subsequent release of the isomers, it has been demonstrated that the nature and position of substituent groups on intercalated anions have profound effects on the rate and extent of release. The extent of release was correlated with the magnitude of dipole moments while the rate of reaction showed strong dependence on the extent of hydrogen bonding within the layers. The orthoisomer showed a more sustained and complete release as compared to the other isomers.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7985
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Perspective on behavioral finance, we take a new look at the characteristics of investors’ risk preference, building the D-GARCH-M model, DR-GARCH-M model, and GARCHC-M model to investigate their changes with states of gain and loss and values of return together with other time-varying characteristics of investors’ risk preference. Based on a full description of risk preference characteristic, we develop a GARCHCS-M model to study its effect on the return skewness. The top ten market value stock composite indexes from Global Stock Exchange in 2012 are adopted to make the empirical analysis. The results show that investors are risk aversion when they gain and risk seeking when they lose, which effectively explains the inconsistent risk-return relationship. Moreover, the degree of risk aversion rises with the increasing gain and that of risk seeking improves with the increasing losses. Meanwhile, we find that investors’ inherent risk preference in most countries displays risk seeking, and their current risk preference is influenced by last period’s risk preference and disturbances. At last, investors’ risk preferences affect the conditional skewness; specifically, their risk aversion makes return skewness reduce, while risk seeking makes the skewness increase.
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: We present a meshfree approach to model dynamic fracture in thin structures. Material failure is modeled based on a stress-based criterion and viscoplastic is used to describe the material behavior in the bulk material. Material fracture is simply modeled by breaking bonds between neighboring particles. The method is applied to fracture of cylindrical thin structures under explosive loading. The loading is modelled by a pressure-time history. Comparisons between the computational results and experimental data illustrate the validity and robustness of the proposed method.
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: It has been discovered that image motions and optical flows usually become much more nonlinear and anisotropic in space-borne cameras with large field of view, especially when perturbations or jitters exist. The phenomenon arises from the fact that the attitude motion greatly affects the image of the three-dimensional planet. In this paper, utilizing the characteristics, an optical flow inversion method is proposed to treat high-accurate remote sensor attitude motion measurement. The principle of the new method is that angular velocities can be measured precisely by means of rebuilding some nonuniform optical flows. Firstly, to determine the relative displacements and deformations between the overlapped images captured by different detectors is the primary process of the method. A novel dense subpixel image registration approach is developed towards this goal. Based on that, optical flow can be rebuilt and high-accurate attitude measurements are successfully fulfilled. In the experiment, a remote sensor and its original photographs are investigated, and the results validate that the method is highly reliable and highly accurate in a broad frequency band.
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: A depth map represents three-dimensional (3D) scene geometry information and is used for depth image based rendering (DIBR) to synthesize arbitrary virtual views. Since the depth map is only used to synthesize virtual views and is not displayed directly, the depth map needs to be compressed in a certain way that can minimize distortions in the rendered views. In this paper, a modified distortion estimation model is proposed based on view rendering distortion instead of depth map distortion itself and can be applied to the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) rate distortion cost function process for rendering view quality optimization. Experimental results on various 3D video sequences show that the proposed algorithm provides about 31% BD-rate savings in comparison with HEVC simulcast and 1.3 dB BD-PSNR coding gain for the rendered view.
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Effective and efficient image comparison plays a vital role in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). The earth mover’s distance (EMD) is an enticing measure for image comparison, offering intuitive geometric interpretation and modelling the human perceptions of similarity. Unfortunately, computing EMD, using the simplex method, has cubic complexity. FastEMD, based on min-cost flow, reduces the complexity to (O()). Although both methods can obtain the optimal result, the high complexity prevents the application of EMD on large-scale image datasets. Thresholding the ground distance can make EMD faster and more robust, since it can decrease the impact of noise and reduce the range of transportation. In this paper, we present a new image distance metric, , which applies a threshold to the ground distance. To compute , the FastEMD approach can be employed. We also propose a novel linear approximation algorithm. Our algorithm achieves complexity with the benefit of qualified bins. Experimental results show that (1) our method is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude faster than EMD (computed by FastEMD) and 2 orders of magnitude faster than FastEMD and (2) the precision of our approximation algorithm is no less than the precision of FastEMD.
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2014-01-20
    Description: The representation of the CFSv2 ocean-atmosphere ensemble hindcasts is investigated during Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) and Jun-Jul-Aug (JJA) from 1983 to 2010. The skill anomaly correlations showed that in some continents the forecasts do not have dependency with changes in the initial conditions. Also, in both seasons the model has a higher skill at the 0-month lead time with the largest spatial biases occurring over the North America, South America, and Oceania. Over the continents the largest biases in the nonlinearity of El Niño minus La Niña events are found over the eastern South Africa, part of Oceania, and central-southeastern parts of South America. During DJF the main biases are related to double-ITCZ, strengthening of SPCZ, and deepening of the Aleutian and Icelandic low pressures. The simulation of a warmer SST on the eastern of most austral oceans, the strengthening (weakening) of the Subtropical (Polar) Jet over the Southern Hemisphere, and the weakening of the zonal circulation near the Antarctic continent are also found in both seasons. Over the central-eastern Equatorial Pacific a cooler bias in SST is found during JJA. These biases are interpreted by analyses of the simulated global mean-state and their impact on the main patterns of variability.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2014-01-20
    Description: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) are two common instruments used for analysis of edible oils. The output signal is often analysed on the software attached to the workstations. The processing software is usually individualised for a specific source. The output of GCMS cannot be analysed on the FTIR hence analysts often need to juggle between instruments when multiple techniques are employed. This could become exhaustive when a large dataset is involved. This paper reports a synchronised approach for analysis of signal from FTIR and GCMS. The algorithm is demonstrated on a dataset of edible oils to investigate the thermal degradation of seven types of edible oils treated at 100°C and 150°C. The synchronised routines identify peaks present in FTIR and GCMS spectra/chromatograms where the information is subsequently extracted onto peak tables for further analysis. In this study, it is found that palm based products and corn oils were relatively more stable with higher content of antioxidants tocopherols and squalene. As a conclusion, this approach allows simultaneous analysis of signal from multiple sources and samples enhancing the efficiency of the signal processing process.
    Print ISSN: 2090-8865
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2014-01-20
    Description: The esterification of oleic acid in a continuous catalyst-free process using compressed ethanol was investigated in the present study. Experiments were performed in a tubular reactor and variables investigated were temperature, pressure, and oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio for different residence time. Results demonstrated that temperature, in the range of 473 K to 573 K, and pressure had a positive effect on fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) production. In the experimental range investigated, high conversions can be obtained at low ethanol concentrations in the reaction medium and it was observed that oleic acid to ethanol molar ratios greater than 1 : 6 show no significant increase in conversion. Nonnegligible reaction conversions (〉90%) were achieved at 573 K, 20 MPa, oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio of 1 : 6, and 20 minutes of residence time.
    Print ISSN: 1687-806X
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: This study compared Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) surface temperature data with in situ measurements to validate the use of ASTER data for studying heat islands in urban settings with complex spatial characteristics. Eight sites in Changwon, Korea, were selected for analyses. Surface temperature data were extracted from the thermal infrared (TIR) band of ASTER on four dates during the summer and fall of 2012, and corresponding in situ measurements of temperature were also collected. Comparisons showed that ASTER derived temperatures were generally 4.27°C lower than temperatures collected by in situ measurements during the daytime, except on cloudy days. However, ASTER temperatures were higher by 2.23–2.69°C on two dates during the nighttime. Temperature differences between a city park and a paved area were insignificant. Differences between ASTER derived temperatures and onsite measurements are caused by a variety of factors including the application of emissivity values that do not consider the complex spatial characteristics of urban areas. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of surface temperatures extracted from infrared satellite imagery, we propose a revised model whereby temperature data is obtained from ASTER and emissivity values for various land covers are extracted based on in situ measurements.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Data envelopment analysis can be applied to measure the productivity of multiple input and output decision-making units. In addition, the data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index can be used as a tool for measuring the productivity change during different time periods. In this paper, we use an input-oriented model to measure the energy consumption productivity change from 1999 to 2008 of fourteen industry sectors in China as decision-making units. The results show that there are only four sectors that experienced effective energy consumption throughout the whole reference period. It also shows that these sectors always lie on the efficiency frontier of energy consumption as benchmarks. The other ten sectors experienced inefficiency in some two-year time periods and the productivity changes were not steady. The data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index provides a good way to measure the energy consumption and can give China's policy makers the information to promote their strategy of sustainable development.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Wireless sensor networks, in combination with image sensors, open up a grand sensing application field. It is a challenging problem to recover a high resolution image from its low resolution counterpart, especially for low-cost resource-constrained image sensors with limited resolution. Sparse representation-based techniques have been developed recently and increasingly to solve this ill-posed inverse problem. Most of these solutions are based on an external dictionary learned from huge image gallery, consequently needing tremendous iteration and long time to match. In this paper, we explore the self-similarity inside the image itself, and propose a new combined self-similarity superresolution solution, with low computation cost and high recover performance. In the self-similarity image super resolution model , a small size sparse dictionary is learned from the image itself by the methods such as . The most similar patch is searched and specially combined during the sparse regulation iteration. Detailed information, such as edge sharpness, is preserved more faithfully and clearly. Experiment results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of this double self-learning method in the image super resolution.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: By analysis of statistical characteristics and probability density distribution of extreme values of wind pressures on the surfaces of a typical low-rise building model and a typical high-rise building model, characteristics of the commonly used methods for estimating the extreme-values of wind pressure are discussed. The relationship between the parameters of the extreme value distribution of wind pressure and its observation length is then deduced based on the generalized extreme value theory and the independence of the observed extreme values. A new method for estimating the extreme values is developed by dividing the time history sample of the wind pressure into several subsamples. The extreme values of the wind pressure coefficients calculated with the present method and those with the commonly used methods are compared and the results indicate that the present method can estimate the extreme values of non-Gaussian wind pressure more accurately than the commonly used ones.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Humans are able to recognize small number of people they know well by the way they walk. This ability represents basic motivation for using human gait as the means for biometric identification. Such biometrics can be captured at public places from a distance without subject's collaboration, awareness, and even consent. Although current approaches give encouraging results, we are still far from effective use in real-life applications. In general, methods set various constraints to circumvent the influence of covariate factors like changes of walking speed, view, clothing, footwear, and object carrying, that have negative impact on recognition performance. In this paper we propose a skeleton model based gait recognition system focusing on modelling gait dynamics and eliminating the influence of subjects appearance on recognition. Furthermore, we tackle the problem of walking speed variation and propose space transformation and feature fusion that mitigates its influence on recognition performance. With the evaluation on OU-ISIR gait dataset, we demonstrate state of the art performance of proposed methods.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: During Diwali festival, extensive burning of crackers and fireworks is made. Weeklong intensive observational campaign for aerosol study was carried out at a representative urban location in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Varanasi (25.3°N, 83.0°E), from October 29 to November 04, 2005 (Diwali on November 01, 2005), to investigate behavioral change of aerosol properties and radiative forcing between firework affected and nonaffected periods. Results show a substantial increase (~27%) in aerosol optical depth, aerosol absorption coefficients, and aerosol scattering coefficients during affected period as compared to non-affected periods. Magnitudes of radiative forcing at top of atmosphere during affected and non-affected periods are found to be +10 ± 1 and +12 ± 1 Wm−2, respectively, which are −31 ± 7 and −17 ± 5 Wm−2, respectively, at surface. It suggests an additional cooling of ~20% at top of atmosphere, ~45% cooling at surface, and additional atmospheric heating of 0.23 Kday−1 during fireworks affected period, which is ~30% higher than the non-affected period average.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: We consider bimodal linear control systems consisting of two subsystems acting on each side of a given hyperplane, assuming continuity along it. For a differentiable family of planar bimodal linear control systems, we obtain its stratification diagram and, if controllability holds for each value of the parameters, we construct a differentiable family of feedbacks which stabilizes both subsystems for each value of the parameters.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: Multiobject filters developed from the theory of random finite sets (RFS) have recently become well-known methods for solving multiobject tracking problem. In this paper, we present two RFS-based filtering methods, Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter and multi-Bernoulli filter, to quantitatively analyze their performance on tracking multiple cells in a series of low-contrast image sequences. The GM-PHD filter, under linear Gaussian assumptions on the cell dynamics and birth process, applies the PHD recursion to propagate the posterior intensity in an analytic form, while the multi-Bernoulli filter estimates the multitarget posterior density through propagating the parameters of a multi-Bernoulli RFS that approximates the posterior density of multitarget RFS. Numerous performance comparisons between the two RFS-based methods are carried out on two real cell images sequences and demonstrate that both yield satisfactory results that are in good agreement with manual tracking method.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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