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  • Artikel  (81.569)
  • Springer  (62.847)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (11.875)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (6.847)
  • 2010-2014  (81.569)
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  • Artikel  (81.569)
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  • 1
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    How xylan effects the breaking load of individual fiber–fiber joints and the single fiber tensile strength (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Digitale ISSN: 1572-882X
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 2
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    Simultaneous oral immunization of mice with live attenuated Escherichia coli expressing LT 192 -STa 13 and LT 192 -STb fusion immunogen, respectively, for polyvalent vaccine candidate (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: Previous epidemiological study showed that most of the porcine enterotoxin Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains harbor multiple enterotoxins but lack any of the fimbriae or non-fimbrial adhesion genes. Therefore, effective ETEC vaccines need to aim directly at all the enterotoxin antigens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous immune effect of two live attenuated E. coli strains expressing LT R192G -STa A13Q and LT R192G -STb fusion immunogen, respectively. The results showed that both local mucosal and systemic immune responses against LT, STa, STb, and F41 were induced in BALB/c mice immunized orally with the recombinant E. coli strains ER - A and ER - B simultaneously. In addition, results of cellular immune responses showed that stimulation index (SI) values of immunized mice were significantly higher than control mice ( P  〈 0.05) and a marked shift toward type-2 helper T lymphocyte (Th 2) immunity. Moreover, the induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on LT, STa, and STb producing E. coli infection. These data indicated that the use of recombinant E. coli ER - A and ER - B could be a valuable strategy for future polyvalent vaccine development of ETEC.
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Digitale ISSN: 1432-0614
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 3
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    One-pot production of fructooligosaccharides by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing an engineered invertase (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: We describe a simple, efficient process for the production of 6-kestose, a trisaccharide with well-documented prebiotic properties. A key factor is the use of a yeast transformant expressing an engineered version of Saccharomyces invertase with enhanced transfructosylating activity. When the yeast transformant was grown with 30 % sucrose as the carbon source, 6-kestose accumulated up to ca. 100 g/L in the culture medium. The 6-kestose yield was significantly enhanced (up to 200 g/L) using a two-stage process carried out in the same flask. In the first stage, the culture was grown in 30 % sucrose at physiological temperature (30 °C) to allow overexpression of the invertase. In the second stage, sucrose was added to the culture at high concentration (60 %) and the temperature shifted to 50 °C. In both cases, 6-kestose was synthesized with high specificity, representing more than 95 % of total FOS.
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Digitale ISSN: 1432-0614
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 4
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    Continuous nitrous oxide abatement in a novel denitrifying off-gas bioscrubber (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: The potential of a bioscrubber composed of a packed bed absorption column coupled to a stirred tank denitrification bioreactor (STR) was assessed for 95 days for the continuous abatement of a diluted air emission of N 2 O at different liquid recycling velocities. N 2 O removal efficiencies of up to 40 ± 1 % were achieved at the highest recirculation velocity (8 m h −1 ) at an empty bed residence time of 3 min using a synthetic air emission containing N 2 O at 104 ± 12 ppm v . N 2 O was absorbed in the packed bed column and further reduced in the STR at efficiencies 〉80 % using methanol as electron donor. The long-term operation of the bioscrubber suggested that the specialized N 2 O degrading community established was not able to use N 2 O as nitrogen source. Additional nitrification assays showed that the activated sludge used as inoculum was not capable of aerobically oxidizing N 2 O to nitrate or nitrite, regardless of the inorganic carbon concentration tested. Denitrification assays confirmed the ability of non-acclimated activated sludge to readily denitrify N 2 O at a specific rate of 3.9 mg N 2 O g VSS h -1 using methanol as electron donor. This study constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic assessment of the continuous abatement of N 2 O in air emission. A characterization of the structure of the microbial population in the absorption column by DGGE-sequencing revealed a high microbial diversity and the presence of heterotrophic denitrifying methylotrophs.
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Digitale ISSN: 1432-0614
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 5
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    Genotoxicity of Thermopsis turcica on Allium cepa L. roots revealed by alkaline comet and random amplified polymorphic DNA assays (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: This study was undertaken to evaluate genotoxic potential of Thermopsis turcica aqueous extracts on the roots of onion bulb ( Allium cepa L.) by comet assay and random amplified polymorphic DNA technique. The Allium root growth inhibition test indicated that the EC 50 and 2×EC 50 values were 8 and 16 mg/ml concentrations of T. turcica aqueous extracts, respectively. The negative control (distilled water), positive control (methyl methane sulfonate, 10 mg/l) and 8 and 16 mg/ml concentrations of T. turcica extracts were introduced to the roots of onion bulbs for 24 and 96 h. The root growth, DNA damage in root cells and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of root tissue were used as endpoints of the genotoxicity. The comet assay clearly indicated that dose-dependent single strand DNA breaks in the root nuclei of onions were determined for the treatment concentrations of T. turcica extracts. In comparison to RAPD profile of negative control group, RAPD polymorphisms became evident as disappearance and/or appearance of RAPD bands in treated roots. The diagnostic and phenetic numerical analyses of RAPD profiles obviously indicated dose-dependent genotoxicity induced by Thermopsis extracts. In conclusion, the results clearly indicated that water extract of T. turcica has genotoxic potential on the roots of onion bulbs as shown by comet assay and RAPD technique.
    Print ISSN: 0920-9069
    Digitale ISSN: 1573-0778
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 6
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    Fast Detection of Adulterants/Contaminants in Biodiesel/Diesel Blend (B5) Employing Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and PLS-DA (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/ef502122w
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-5029
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Soil Contamination in China: Current Status and Mitigation Strategies (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es5047099
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-5851
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 8
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    Potential Effects of Climate Change on Florida’s Everglades (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: Restoration efforts in Florida’s Everglades focus on preserving and restoring this unique wetland’s natural landscape. Because most of the Everglades is a freshwater peatland, it requires surplus rainfall to remain a peatland. Restoration plans generally assume a stable climate, yet projections of altered climate over a 50-year time horizon suggest that this assumption may be inappropriate. Using a legacy regional hydrological model, we simulated combinations of a temperature rise of 1.5 °C, a ± 10 % change in rainfall, and a 0.46 m sea level rise relative to base conditions. The scenario of increased evapotranspiration and increased rainfall produced a slight increase in available water. In contrast, the more likely scenario of increased evapotranspiration and decreased rainfall lowered median water depths by 5–114 cm and shortened inundation duration periods by 5–45 %. Sea level rise increased stages and inundation duration in southern Everglades National Park. These ecologically significant decreases in water depths and inundation duration periods would greatly alter current ecosystems through severe droughts, peat loss and carbon emissions, wildfires, loss of the unique ridge and slough patterns, large shifts in plant and animal communities, and increased exotic species invasions. These results suggest using adaptive restoration planning, a method that explicitly incorporates large climatic and environmental uncertainties into long-term ecosystem restoration plans, structural design, and management. Anticipated water constraints necessitate alternative approaches to restoration, including maintaining critical landscapes and facilitating transitions in others. Accommodating these uncertainties may improve the likelihood of restoration success.
    Print ISSN: 0364-152X
    Digitale ISSN: 1432-1009
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 9
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    Effect of Dietary Replacement of Soybean Oil with Different Sources of Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Fatty Acid Composition of Nile Tilapia (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) plays an important role in the prevention and/or treatment of certain diseases. In this work, we investigate the incorporation of GLA from supplemented feed diets with borage oil (BO) and evening primrose oil (EPO) as substitutes for soybean oil (SO) into the composition of tilapia fillet lipids. High contents of PUFA and n-6 fatty acids were quantified in fish fillet after 30 days of treatment with SO, BO, and EPO. Feed diets containing BO and EPO were efficient in the incorporation of GLA into fish. Compared to the initial day of the experiment, the increase of GLA was significant (from 6.43 to 13.99 and 15.12 mg g −1 , in lipids of fish treated for 30 days with BO and EPO, respectively). The increase of GLA was also observed in fish which were fed with SO diet (6.43–11.43 mg g −1 ). Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the separation of the treatments and discriminated BO and EPO in a group of fish that received the GLA supplemented diet. In addition to GLA, n-3 fatty acids were important in the characterization of SO diet and affected the separation of BO and EPO from SO in the PCA score plot.
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-9331
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 10
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    Effects of Sucrose Esters on Isothermal Crystallization of Palm Oil-based Blend (2014)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-31
    Beschreibung: The effects of sucrose esters (SEs) with different acyl chain lengths, namely, lauryl (L-195), palmitoyl (P-170), stearoyl (S-170), oleoyl (O-170), and erucyl (ER-190), on isothermal crystallization of a palm oil-based blend (PO–PS) were studied. From this study, it was found that both α- and β′-crystals coexisted following crystallization of PO–PS from melt to room temperature. Addition of SEs P-170 and S-170, which had saturated acyl chains similar to PO–PS, resulted in an accelerating crystallization rate, promoting the appearance of α-crystals and transition to β′-crystals and increasing viscosity of PO–PS blend. SE O-170, which is liquid at room temperature, had little effect on blend crystallization. SEs L-195 and ER-190, with an acyl chain dissimilar to PO–PS, inhibited triacylglycerol bonding or further integration to the surface of crystals and reduced the crystallization rate and viscosity of the PO–PS blend. The PO–PS blend with SE L-195 and ER-190 contained large crystals and resulted in slower formation of α-crystals and transformation to β′-crystals. Results from this study indicate that crystallization of PO–PS was greatly influenced by acyl–acyl interactions between acyl chains of SEs and triacylglycerols.
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-9331
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
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