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  • Other Sources  (1,592)
  • Elsevier  (923)
  • Springer  (471)
  • Spektrum der Wissenschaft  (119)
  • Taylor & Francis  (74)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • 2010-2014  (1,591)
  • 1890-1899
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  • 1
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    Pedogenic carbonates as a proxy for palaeo-CO2 in the Palaeozoic atmosphere (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: According to a model by Cerling (1991, 1999), the carbon isotope composition of calcretes should depend on the soil type and the CO2-concentration in the atmosphere. We have tested Cerling’s model by investigating 14 Palaeozoic sections with soil profiles. A large number of carbonate types of different genetic origin exist in the localities examined. Comparing the Palaeozoic samples with recent and subrecent calcretes, it can be demonstrated that anhedral, cryptocrystalline (〈10 μm) and subhedral microcrystalline (10 - 40 μm) carbonates are clearly of pedogenic origin. Crystals of larger size with a poikilotopic texture are of groundwater or burial diagenetic origin. Macro- and micromorphological features, typical of recent calcretes, occur in several soil profiles, but thin section microscopy reveals a strong diagenetic overprint of most pedogenic carbonates. Time equivalent sections with comparable soil types (protosols, calcisols and vertisols) show large variations in carbon isotope composition. On the other hand, different carbonate generations at one site do not differ much. Therefore Palaeozoic calcretes appear to be unsuitable for a deduction of the Palaeozoic CO2-concentration.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.9 ; 552.5 ; VKB 350 ; VJJ 110 ; VCA 300 ; VKB 332 ; VKA 300 ; VKB 371 ; VEA 000 ; VKB 372 ; Lithogenese {Sedimentologie} ; Geochemie der Stabilen Isotopen ; Paläozoische Geologie ; Sedimentationsbedingungen ; Petrogenese ; Klastische Sedimentgesteine ; Europa insgesamt {Geologie} ; Karbonatische Sedimentgesteine ; Kohlenstoffkreislauf ; C-isotope ; Jungpaläozoikum ; Paläopedologie ; Kalkkruste ; CO2 ; calcrete ; carbon cycle ; upper Paleozoic ; paleosol ; C-13/C-12 ; Europa ; paläoklima ; Europe ; 38.41 ; 38.61 ; 38.32
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Floatation and control of granular sludge in a high-rate anammox reactor (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Water Research, 44 (11). pp. 3321-3328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: The granule floatation is a serious issue of the anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process when high loading rates are applied that results in instability or even system collapse. The present study reports the granule floatation in an anammox reactor when high loading rates were applied. The comparison of enlarged photos taken for the settling and floating granules showed that the two kinds of granules both contained macroscopic gas pockets accounting for 11 +/- 14% of total volume. The settling granules had gas tunnels that could release the gas bubbles, while the floating granules did not. The presence of gas bubbles enclosed in the gas pockets led to the small density of 979.2 +/- 15.8 mg L(-1) and flotation of anammox granules. Consequently, the flotation caused washout of anammox granules and the deterioration of anammox process (volumetric removal rate decreased from 4.00 to 2.46 kg N m(-3) d(-1)). The collection of floating granules, breaking them into small pieces and then returning to the anammox reactor proved an effective control strategy. The volumetric removal rate was finally up to 16.5 kg N m(-3) d(-1) after the control strategy was put into use.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 3
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    Chitin and collagen as universal and alternative templates in biomineralization (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Geology Review, 52 (7-8). pp. 661-699.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Description: Biomineralized structures and tissues are composites, containing a biologically produced organic matrix and nano- or microscale amorphous or crystalline minerals. Two main examples of organic matrices – the amino-polysaccharide chitin and the asymmetric protein collagen – are presented and discussed as the basic structural modules and organo-templates for calcium and silica biomineralization in nature. Both serve as templates, providing preferential sites for nucleation and controlling the location and orientation of mineral phases. Here, for the first time, chitin and collagen are analysed from evolutionary, structural, and functional points of view with respect to their templating properties in calcification and silicification phenomena, using both in vivo and in vitro data. It is proposed that these biopolymers be characterized as fundamental templates in biomineralization, inasmuch as they are very ancient from an evolutionary point of view, common to many species and biological systems with a global distribution. The two polymers also exhibit very similar hierarchical structural organizations, in spite of the possible alternatives they provide in chemical nature and origin. In addition, the phenomenon of multi-phase mineralization – where two minerals, amorphous and crystalline CaCO3, form from one biomolecule, chitin – is also described, analysed, and discussed for the first time.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Sponge richness along a bathymetric gradient within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biodiversity, 40 (3). pp. 205-217.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: A total of 96 species of sponge were recorded in a bathymetric survey conducted within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Non-random processes are hypothesised to account for the decline in species richness with increasing depth, and the data add support to Rapoport’s rule. Morphological and colour diversity were strongly correlated and decreased with depth. Five communities could be identified at the 30% level of similarity using cluster analysis, and these correspond to intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 10 m), deep sub-photic zone (coral reefs: 10–30 m), deep reefs (40–90 m), canyon margin (100–140 m) and canyon (140–360 m). The data add support to recently hypothesised bathymetric zones around South Africa.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Differential response of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species to ocean acidification (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 33 (3). pp. 675-686.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-19
    Description: Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs constitute one of the most complex deep-sea habitats harboring a vast diversity of associated species. Like other tropical or temperate framework builders, these systems are facing an uncertain future due to several threats, such as global warming and ocean acidification. In the case of Mediterranean CWC communities, the effect may be exacerbated due to the greater capacity of these waters to absorb atmospheric CO2 compared to the global ocean. Calcification in these organisms is an energy-demanding process, and it is expected that energy requirements will be greater as seawater pH and the availability of carbonate ions decrease. Therefore, studies assessing the effect of a pH decrease in skeletal growth, and metabolic balance are critical to fully understand the potential responses of these organisms under a changing scenario. In this context, the present work aims to investigate the medium- to long-term effect of a low pH scenario on calcification and the biochemical composition of two CWCs from the Mediterranean, Dendrophyllia cornigera and Desmophyllum dianthus. After 314 d of exposure to acidified conditions, a significant decrease of 70 % was observed in Desmophyllum dianthus skeletal growth rate, while Dendrophyllia cornigera showed no differences between treatments. Instead, only subtle differences between treatments were observed in the organic matter amount, lipid content, skeletal microdensity, or porosity in both species, although due to the high variability of the results, these differences were not statistically significant. Our results also confirmed a heterogeneous effect of low pH on the skeletal growth rate of the organisms depending on their initial weight, suggesting that those specimens with high calcification rates may be the most susceptible to the negative effects of acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    High thermal tolerance of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species maintained in aquaria (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 32 (3). pp. 749-754.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: In the Mediterranean deep-sea, scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) are observed to survive at the uppermost end of their presumed thermal distribution range (4–13 °C). Here, we show that 2 common CWC species (i.e. Dendrophyllia cornigera and Desmophyllum dianthus) maintained in aquaria can indeed tolerate considerably elevated seawater temperatures (17.5 ± 0.1 °C), while growing at similar (D. dianthus) or significantly higher (D. cornigera) rates than conspecifics cultured in parallel for 87 days at ambient Mediterranean deep-sea temperature (12.5 ± 0.1 °C). Neither differences in coral appearance nor mortality were evident for both species at either temperature. D. dianthus grew significantly faster (0.23 ± 0.08 % day−1) than D. cornigera (0.05 ± 0.01 % day−1) under ambient thermal conditions. Growth of D. cornigera increased significantly (0.14 ± 0.07 % day−1) at elevated temperature, while Desmophyllum dianthus growth showed no significant difference under both conditions. These findings suggest that D. dianthus and D. cornigera may be capable of surviving in warmer environments than previously reported, and thus challenge temperature as the paramount limiting environmental factor for the occurrence of some CWC species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Local variation in the distribution of benthic megafauna species associated with cold-water coral reefs on the Norwegian margin (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 54 . pp. 37-51.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The spatial variability in the mix of species making up Cold-water coral reef communities is not well known. In this study abundances of a selection of megafauna (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, Paragorgia arborea, Primnoa resedaeformis, Mycale lingua, Geodia baretti, Acesta excavata and fish) were quantified throughout 9 manned submersible video transects from 3 reef complexes (Røst Reef, Sotbakken Reef and Traena Reef) on the Norwegian margin. Substrate type (coral structure, rubble, exposed hardground or soft sediment) was also recorded. Variations in the densities of these fauna (with respect to both reef complex and substrate type) were investigated, with spatial covariance between species assessed. For the majority of fauna investigated, densities varied by both reef and substrate. Spatial covariance indicated that some species may be utilising similar habitat niches, but that minor environmental differences may favour colonisation by one or other at a particular reef. Fish densities were generally higher in regions with biogenic substrate (coral structure and coral rubble substrates) than in areas of soft or hardground substrate. Further, fish were more abundant at the northerly Sotbakken Reef at time of study than elsewhere. Community structure varied by reef, and therefore management plans aimed at maintaining the biodiversity of reef ecosystems on the Norwegian margin should take this lack of homogeneity into account.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Habitats of the Cap de Creus continental shelf and Cap de Creus Canyon, Northwestern Mediterranean (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat. , ed. by Harris, P. T. and Baker, E. K. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 457-469. ISBN 978-0-12-385140-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: The Cap de Creus continental shelf and Cap de Creus canyon are located in the southern most sector of the Gulf of Lions, in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Cap de Creus continental shelf contains sandy and muddy sediments and an abrupt morpho­ logy, with rocky outcrops, relict bioherms, erosive features, and planar bedforms. The Cap de Creus canyon breaches the shelf at a depth of 110 m and denotes a marked dif­ ference in the morphology between the northern and the southern flank, reflecting a different depositional regime. The most common substrates correspond to coarse and medium sands (28%) and silty sediments (40%). The most common megabenthic assemblages of the shelf correspond to the communities of "offshore detritic" (31.95%) and "coastal terrigenous muds" (36.99%), mostly dominated by sea pens, alcyonaceans, and ceriantharians. The northern flank of the Cap de Creus canyon is predominantly depositional, whereas the southern flank is erosional. Rocky outcrops provide the sub­ stratum for cold­water coral (CWC) communities' development, in which the white coral Madrepora oculata is the most abundant species.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Computer-aided identification of coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, using scale patterns (2012)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Biology Research, 8 (3). pp. 300-306.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: Despite coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, being listed as either endangered by CITES or critically endangered by the IUCN, their population size within South Africa is unknown and still needs to be estimated. Their conservation status unfortunately excludes the use of conventional tagging to mark individual animals for a possible mark–recapture experiment. This study shows that because coelacanths have a unique spot patterning it is possible to quickly and accurately identify specific individuals photographically using computer-aided identification software. Without any manual intervention by an operator, the software accurately identified between 56 and 92% of the individuals. Indentification success increased to 100% if the operator could also manually select from other potential matching photographs. It was also shown that fish exhibiting a yaw angle not exceeding 60° could be accurately identified in photographs, although the percentage of fish correctly identified without operator-intervention decreased rapidly with increasing yaw angle. Computer-aided identification should therefore facilitate future coelacanth research as it is both efficient and accurate while also reducing potential stress on the animals observed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Experimental study of uraninite solubility in aqueous HCl solutions at 500°C and 1 kbar (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Geochemistry International, 49 (3). pp. 262-273.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-15
    Description: Uraninite solubility in 0.001–2.0 m HCl solutions was experimentally studied at 500°C, 1000 bar, and hydrogen fugacity corresponding to the Ni/NiO buffer. It was shown that the following U(IV) species dominate in the aqueous solution: U(OH)40, U(OH)2Cl20, and UOH Cl30 Using the results of uraninite solubility measurement, the Gibbs free energies of U(IV) species at 500°C and 1000 bar were calculated (kJ/mol): −9865.55 for UO2(aq), −1374.57 for U(OH)2 Cl20, and −1265.49 for UOH Cl30, and the equilibrium constants of uraninite dissolution in water and aqueous HCl solutions were estimated: UO2(cr) = UO2(aq), pK0 = 6.64; UO2(cr) + 2HCl0 = U(OH)2 Cl20, pK2 = 3.56; and UO2(cr) + 3HCl0 = UOHcl30 + H2O, pK3 = 3.05. The value pK1 ≈ 5.0 was obtained as a first approximation for the equilibrium UO2(cr) + H2O + HCl0 = U(OH)3Cl0. The constant of the reaction UO2(cr) + 4HCl0 = UCl40 + 2H2O (pK4 = 7.02) was calculated taking into account the ionization constants of U Cl40 and U(OH)40, obtained by extrapolation from 25 to 500°C at 1000 bar using the BR model. Intense dissolution and redeposition of gold (material of experimental capsules) was observed in our experiments. The analysis and modeling of this phenomenon suggested that the UO2 + x/UO2 redox pair oxidized Au(cr) to Au+(aq), which was then reduced under the influence of stronger reducers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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