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  • Algae  (5)
  • Arctic tundra  (3)
  • Beach morphology  (3)
  • 42.75
  • Fisheries
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • Instituto de Oceanología  (9)
  • Ecological Society of America  (4)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
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    Responses of a tundra system to warming using SCAMPS : a stoichiometrically coupled, acclimating microbe–plant–soil model (2014)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Monographs 84 (2014): 151-170, doi:10.1890/12-2119.1.
    Description: Soils, plants, and microbial communities respond to global change perturbations through coupled, nonlinear interactions. Dynamic ecological responses complicate projecting how global change disturbances will influence ecosystem processes, such as carbon (C) storage. We developed an ecosystem-scale model (Stoichiometrically Coupled, Acclimating Microbe–Plant–Soil model, SCAMPS) that simulates the dynamic feedbacks between aboveground and belowground communities that affect their shared soil environment. The belowground component of the model includes three classes of soil organic matter (SOM), three microbially synthesized extracellular enzyme classes specific to these SOM pools, and a microbial biomass pool with a variable C-to-N ratio (C:N). The plant biomass, which contributes to the SOM pools, flexibly allocates growth toward wood, root, and leaf biomass, based on nitrogen (N) uptake and shoot-to-root ratio. Unlike traditional ecosystem models, the microbial community can acclimate to changing soil resources by shifting its C:N between a lower C:N, faster turnover (bacteria-like) community, and a higher C:N, slower turnover (fungal-like) community. This stoichiometric flexibility allows for the microbial C and N use efficiency to vary, feeding back into system decomposition and productivity dynamics. These feedbacks regulate changes in extracellular enzyme synthesis, soil pool turnover rates, plant growth, and ecosystem C storage. We used SCAMPS to test the interactive effects of winter, summer, and year-round soil warming, in combination with microbial acclimation ability, on decomposition dynamics and plant growth in a tundra system. Over 50-year simulations, both the seasonality of warming and the ability of the microbial community to acclimate had strong effects on ecosystem C dynamics. Across all scenarios, warming increased plant biomass (and therefore litter inputs to the SOM), while the ability of the microbial community to acclimate increased soil C loss. Winter warming drove the largest ecosystem C losses when the microbial community could acclimate, and the largest ecosystem C gains when it could not acclimate. Similar to empirical studies of tundra warming, modeled summer warming had relatively negligible effects on soil C loss, regardless of acclimation ability. In contrast, winter and year-round warming drove marked soil C loss when decomposers could acclimate, despite also increasing plant biomass. These results suggest that incorporating dynamically interacting microbial and plant communities into ecosystem models might increase the ability to link ongoing global change field observations with macro-scale projections of ecosystem biogeochemical cycling in systems under change.
    Description: This work was funded by a DOE Global Change Education Program Graduate Fellowship, the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, and UCSB EEMB Block Grant to S. A. Sistla and NSF DEB 0919049 to E. B. Rastetter and J. P. Schimel, and Arctic LTER Project NSF-1026843.
    Keywords: Arctic tundra ; Biogeochemical cycles ; Climate warming ; Ecosystem model ; Extracellular enzymes ; Plant–soil–microbe feedbacks
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Ficoflora de los arrecifes coralinos del archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey, Cuba (2013)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Para obtener una primera aproximación al conocimiento de las comunidades de macroalgas de los arrecifes de coral del archipiélago Sabana–Camagüey, se realizaron muestreos en 10 perfiles a lo largo del gradiente de profundidad, ubicados en los arrecifes de borde de plataforma de los cayos Sabinal, Guajaba, Confites, Coco, Paredón del Medio, Oeste de cayo Guillermo, Caimán Grande, Francés, Fragoso y Esquivel. En cada perfil se tomaron muestras de algas en cuatro estaciones situadas en la zona trasera del arrecife a 1 m de profundidad, y en el arrecife frontal a 5, 10 y 20 m de profundidad. Estas fueron tomadas con un colector hidroneumático circular de 0.07 m2 de área. Se encontraron 130 especies de algas. La mayor riqueza de especies se presentó en las estaciones de 5 m de profundidad del arrecife frontal. El predominio de las especies en la zona trasera y 20 m de profundidad del arrecife frontal fue heterogéneo, mientras que en 5 m de profundidad predominó la especie Cladophora catenata, y en 10 m Cladophora catenata y Microdictyon marinum. Las especies de mayor frecuencia de aparición en las cuatro profundidades fueron: Cladophora catenata, Anadyomene stellata, Microdictyon marinum, Halimeda tuna y Valonia ventricosa. La biomasa total varió con las localidades y la profundidad, pero fue mayor a los 5 m del arrecife frontal. Los altos valores de biomasa en toda la zona arrecifal parecen estar ocasionados por los altos niveles de nutrientes en el agua y la escasez de herbívoros.
    Description: With the purpose of obtaining a first approximation to the knowledge of coral reef macroalgae communities in Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago, 10 profiles along the depth gradients, located on the shelf border reefs were sampled in the keys Sabinal, Guajaba, Confites, Coco, Paredón del Medio, West of Guillermo, Gran Caimán, Francés, Fragoso and Esquivel. In each profile, algae samples were taken at four stations located in the rear zone at 1 m deep, and in the fore reef at 5, 10 and 20 m deep. A circular hydro-pneumatic collector with a 0.07 m2 area was used. A total of 130 algae species were found. The highest species richness was observed at 5 m deep on the fore reef. The predominant species in the rear zone and at 20 m deep on the fore reef varied among profiles; at 5 m depth the dominant species was Cladophora catenata, while at 10 m were Cladophora catenata and Microdictyon marinum. The most frequently occurring species in the four depths were: Cladophora catenata, Anadyomene stellata, Microdictyon marinum, Halimeda tuna and Valonia ventricosa. Total biomass varied with locations and depths, but was higher at 5 m deep on the fore reef. High biomass values in the whole reef zone seem to be caused by high levels of nutrients and herbivore scarcity.
    Description: Published
    Description: macroalgas, biomasa, estructura, zonación del arrecife
    Description: macroalgae, biomass, structure, coral reef zonation
    Keywords: Algae ; Biomass ; Coral reefs ; Algae ; Biomass ; Coral reefs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
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    Habitat damage, marine reserves, and the value of spatial management (2013)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 23 (2013): 959–971, doi:10.1890/12-0447.1.
    Description: The biological benefits of marine reserves have garnered favor in the conservation community, but “no-take” reserve implementation is complicated by the economic interests of fishery stakeholders. There are now a number of studies examining the conditions under which marine reserves can provide both economic and ecological benefits. A potentially important reality of fishing that these studies overlook is that fishing can damage the habitat of the target stock. Here, we construct an equilibrium bioeconomic model that incorporates this habitat damage and show that the designation of marine reserves, coupled with the implementation of a tax on fishing effort, becomes both biologically and economically favorable as habitat sensitivity increases. We also study the effects of varied degrees of spatial control on fisheries management. Together, our results provide further evidence for the potential monetary and biological value of spatial management, and the possibility of a mutually beneficial resolution to the fisherman–conservationist marine reserve designation dilemma.
    Description: M. G. Neubert acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (DMS-0532378, OCE-1031256) and a Thomas B. Wheeler Award for Ocean Science and Society. H. V. Moeller acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. This research is based in part on work supported by Award No. USA 00002 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
    Keywords: Bioeconomics ; Destructive fishing practices ; Fisheries ; Habitat damage ; Marine protected areas ; Marine reserves ; Optimal control ; Optimal harvesting ; Spatial management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Seasonal patterns of carbon dioxide and water fluxes in three representative tundra ecosystems in northern Alaska (2013)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ecosphere 3, no 1 (2012): art4, doi:10.1890/ES11-00202.1.
    Description: Understanding the carbon dioxide and water fluxes in the Arctic is essential for accurate assessment and prediction of the responses of these ecosystems to climate change. In the Arctic, there have been relatively few studies of net CO2, water, and energy exchange using micrometeorological methods due to the difficulty of performing these measurements in cold, remote regions. When these measurements are performed, they are usually collected only during the short summer growing season. We established eddy covariance flux towers in three representative Alaska tundra ecosystems (heath tundra, tussock tundra, and wet sedge tundra), and have collected CO2, water, and energy flux data continuously for over three years (September 2007–May 2011). In all ecosystems, peak CO2 uptake occurred during July, with accumulations of 51–95 g C/m2 during June–August. The timing of the switch from CO2 source to sink in the spring appears to be regulated by the number of growing degree days early in the season, indicating that warmer springs may promote increased net CO2 uptake. However, this increased uptake in the spring may be lost through warmer temperatures in the late growing season that promote respiration, if this respiration is not impeded by large amounts of precipitation or cooler temperatures. Net CO2 accumulation during the growing season was generally lost through respiration during the snow covered months of September–May, turning the ecosystems into net sources of CO2 over measurement period. The water balance from June to August at the three ecosystems was variable, with the most variability observed in the heath tundra, and the least in the tussock tundra. These findings underline the importance of collecting data over the full annual cycle and across multiple types of tundra ecosystems in order to come to a more complete understanding of CO2 and water fluxes in the Arctic.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (OPP 0632264), with a grant during the International Polar Year, ‘Collaborative Research on Carbon, Water, and Energy Balance of the Arctic Landscape at Flagship Observatories and in a PanArctic Network’. Tracy
    Keywords: Arctic tundra ; Ecosystem respiration ; Eddy covariance ; Evapotranspiration ; Gross primary production ; Net ecosystem exchange ; Water balance ; Water use efficiency
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Caso de Estudio No. 2: Estado de la pesquería de la langosta espinosa (Panulirus argus) y su relación con factores ambientales y antrópicos en Cuba. (2011)
    Instituto de Oceanología | Cuba
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Las capturas de langosta espinosa Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) en Cuba alcanzaron sus mayores volúmenes en la década de 1980 con un promedio anual de 11565 ton. En la década de 1990, la captura descendió a un promedio de 9327 ton, lo cual se ha visto agudizado entre 2000 y 2007 con un promedio de 6262 ton y una mayor variabilidad de las capturas, a pesar de un perfeccionamiento del sistema de manejo pesquero dado por: la disminución del esfuerzo pesquero y de la tasa de mortalidad por pesca desde 1999, el aumento del período de veda desde 2001 y el incremento gradual de la talla mínima legal de captura a partir de 2004. Los análisis más recientes sobre el estado de esta pesquería fueron presentados en el Quinto Taller Regional sobre la Evaluación y la Ordenación de la Langosta Común del Caribe en septiembre 2006 (Puga et al, 2006; FAO, 2007), donde se reconoció por la comunidad científica especializada que la pesquería de langosta cubana se encontraba bien manejada y plenamente explotada (no sobre- explotada) y se concluyó que además de la mortalidad por pesca, otros factores ajenos al sector pesquero estaban produciendo afectaciones en la abundancia del recurso, al causar daños al hábitat 1 en zonas de cría, influyendo negativamente por esta vía sobre el reclutamiento y la producción de langostas. Entre estos aspectos para Cuba se señalaron: la mayor frecuencia e intensidad de huracanes durante el último decenio, el desarrollo de las zonas costeras, la construcción de presas en las cuencas de captación de los ríos y de carreteras en el Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey comunicando la isla principal con los cayos y los cayos entre si (pedraplenes).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Lobster fisheries ; Fisheries ; Environment management ; Recruitment ; Coastal zone management
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  • 6
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    Optical instruments for measuring leaf area index in low vegetation : application in Arctic ecosystems (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 1462–1470, doi:10.1890/03-5354.
    Description: Leaf area index (LAI) is a powerful diagnostic of plant productivity. Despite the fact that many methods have been developed to quantify LAI, both directly and indirectly, leaf area index remains difficult to quantify accurately, owing to large spatial and temporal variability. The gap-fraction technique is widely used to estimate the LAI indirectly. However, for low-stature vegetation, the gap-fraction sensor either cannot get totally underneath the plant canopy, thereby missing part of the leaf area present, or is too close to the individual leaves of the canopy, which leads to a large distortion of the LAI estimate. We set out to develop a methodology for easy and accurate nondestructive assessment of the variability of LAI in low-stature vegetation. We developed and tested the methodology in an arctic landscape close to Abisko, Sweden. The LAI of arctic vegetation could be estimated accurately and rapidly by combining field measurements of canopy reflectance (NDVI) and light penetration through the canopy (gap-fraction analysis using a LI-COR LAI-2000). By combining the two methodologies, the limitations of each could be circumvented, and a significantly increased accuracy of the LAI estimates was obtained. The combination of an NDVI sensor for sparser vegetation and a LAI-2000 for denser vegetation could explain 81% of the variance of LAI measured by destructive harvest. We used the method to quantify the spatial variability and the associated uncertainty of leaf area index in a small catchment area.
    Description: This research was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation grant DEB0087046.
    Keywords: Arctic tundra ; LAI ; Leaf area index ; Low-stature vegetation ; Normalized difference vegetation index ; Optical instruments ; Sweden ; Uncertainty analysis
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  • 7
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    Análisis preliminar de la evolución a mediano plazo de Playas del Este, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se utiliza la información de perfiles de playa en cuatro localidades de las Playas del Este obtenidos en los últimos 27 años, para describir la tendencia de la playa a mediano plazo. A partir de datos de posición de la línea de costa y de volúmenes de arena de la playa emergida se estableció la tasa de cambio de la playa utilizando la regresión lineal simple. Los resultados confirman la tendencia erosiva de un sector de la playa de Guanabo. La tasa anual de retroceso de la línea de costa ha sido de -0.97 m/año que ha establecido un cambio total de - 26 ±7 m. La reducción de los volúmenes de arena ha sido de -28 ± 8 m3/m, a un ritmo de -1.04 m3/m/año. En la playa de Santa María, la línea de costa en algunas localidades ha experimentado retroceso y en otras ha ocurrido poco cambio, sin embargo en todos los casos se ha producido un incremento notable en los volúmenes de arena de la playa emergida debido a la formación y crecimiento de las dunas. La reactivación de los procesos eólicos que dio lugar al restablecimiento de la morfología de dunas fue posible por la eliminación del bosque de casuarinas que, durante más de 20 años, ocupó la zona posterior de la playa.
    Description: The information of beach profiles, obtained during the last 27 years in four localities of Playas del Este, is used to describe the medium-term tendency of the beach. Starting from data of the shoreline location and sand volumes of the emerged beach, the beach change rate was established applying simple linear regression. The results confirm the erosive tendency of a sector in Guanabo beach. The annual rate of shoreline retreat has been -0, 97 m/y, which has established a total change of - 26 ± 7 m. The reduction in sand volumes has been -28 ± 8 m3/m, at a rate of -1,04 m3/m/y. In Santa Maria beach, the shoreline has experienced retreat in some localities or little change in the others. However, a remarkable increase in sand volumes of the emerged beach has taken place in all the cases. The reactivation of Aeolian processes, resulting in the reestablishment of dune morphology, was possible due to the removal of the Australian pine forest that had occupied the area from the beach top landward for more than 20 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: playas, evolución a mediano plazo, regresión lineal, beach, medium- term evolution, lineal regression.
    Keywords: Dunes ; Beach morphology ; Beach erosion ; Dunes
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  • 8
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    Los pastos marinos de Cuba: estado de conservación y manejo (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Las praderas de angiospermas marinas tienen un alto valor por los servicios que proveen al funcionamiento de los sistemas costeros y al hombre. La tasa de declive de los pastos marinos en el mundo se estima alrededor del 1-2% año-1 y parece acelerarse durante los últimos años debido a diversos factores de origen natural y antrópico, lo que lo sitúa entre los ecosistemas del planeta más vulnerables. Extensas zonas de la plataforma insular cubana están ocupadas por pastos marinos saludables. Sin embargo, en algunas áreas del Golfo de Batabanó y del Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey han desaparecido o están amenazados por diversas causas, relacionadas principalmente con cambios en la calidad o en la dinámica de las aguas. En estas áreas de estudio se encontró que, en determinadas zonas cercanas a las costas con diverso grado de afectación antrópica, la disminución de la transparencia en el mar (debido a la eutrofización o por resuspensión de los sedimentos) impide el paso de la luz y con ello, el desarrollo de la vegetación marina. Se observó un impacto causado por la hipersalinización, fundamentalmente en zonas bajas con poco intercambio de agua con el océano, como las bahías de Los Perros y Jigüey. Se han realizado acciones encaminadas al manejo integrado de la zona costera en ambas zonas estudiadas. No existen evaluaciones integrales del estado de conservación de los pastos marinos en otras áreas de la plataforma cubana y aun persisten vacíos en el conocimiento y se carece de herramientas para lograr un adecuado manejo y adaptación a los cambios globales. Para lograrlo, se deben dirigir las investigaciones hacia la comprensión de los factores (naturales y antropogénicos) que puedan provocar el deterioro de este valioso ecosistema en cada zona, monitorizar las áreas más vulnerables a las acciones del hombre y a los cambios climáticos, para lograr predicciones más precisas. También deberán emplearse los recursos de la legislación ambiental existentes en el país, así como continuar con la educación ambiental y la concienciación de los actores.
    Description: Seagrass meadows have a high value due to the services they provide to the functioning of coastal systems and to man. Seagrass decline rate in the world is considered around 1-2% year-1 and it seems to accelerate during the last years due to diverse factors of natural and anthropogenic origin, which places seagrasses among the most vulnerable ecosystems in the planet. Extensive areas of the Cuban insular shelf are occupied by healthy seagrass meadows. However, in some areas of the Gulf of Batabanó and of Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago, seagrasses have disappeared or they are threatened by diverse causes, mainly related to changes in seawater quality or dynamics. In these study areas it was found that, in certain areas near the coasts with diverse degree of anthropogenic impact, the decrease in the sea transparency (due to eutrophication or siltation) impedes light availability and thus the development of marine vegetation. An impact caused by hypersalinization was observed, mainly in shallow areas with little exchange, such as Los Perros and Jigüey bays. Actions towards the integrated coastal zone management have been carried out in both studied areas. Integral assessments of seagrass conservation state in other areas of the Cuban shelf are missing, and gaps in the knowledge persist. Tools to achieve an appropriate adaptive management in the face of global changes are lacking. In order to achieve effective management, research should be addressed toward the understanding of the factors (natural or anthropogenic) that can cause the deterioration of this valuable ecosystem in each area, monitoring the most vulnerable areas to man's actions and climate change, to attain more precise predictions. The environmental legislation resources existing in the country should be used. Environmental education to increase stakeholders’ awareness should be continued.
    Description: Published
    Description: pastos marinos, estado, conservación,seagrasses, state, conservation
    Keywords: Algae ; Algae
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  • 9
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    Nuevas adiciones al género Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) para el archipiélago cubano. (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se describen nuevos registros de Laurencias en el archipielago cubano.
    Description: Contribución breve
    Description: Published
    Description: Rhodophyta, Laurencia,
    Keywords: Algae ; New records ; Algae
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  • 10
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    ¿Poseen algunas algas de las costas cubanas propiedades antiinflamatorias analgésicas y antioxidantes? (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Marine organisms represent a new source for the discovery of anti-inflammatory agents (Grace et al., 1994), mainly obtained starting from sponges, coelenterates and algae. A representative compound from algae, due to its great number of properties, is the epitaondiol that inhibits the phospholipase A2 and the formation and/or release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Taking into account these antecedents, we decided to evaluate extracts from four Rhodophyte algae species of the genera Laurencia, Acantophora and Gracilaria in the models of mouse ear oedema induced by croton oil, writhing induced by acetic acid in mouse, and the assay of the tiobarbituric acid (TBA). The objective was to detect antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of the extracts. The extract from the algae of the genus Acantophora inhibits the mouse ear oedema induced by croton oil in 58%, and the extracts from the genera Laurencia and Gracilaria inhibit the writhing induced by acetic acid with values higher than 50%. None of the studied extracts had any effect in the assay of the TBA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studied algae extracts seem to have antiinflammatory and analgesic properties, probably inhibiting the formation and/or release of prostaglandins.
    Description: Published
    Description: anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
    Keywords: Algae ; Antioxidants ; Algae ; Antioxidants
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  • 11
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    Predicción del Transporte Eólico en las Playas del Este de Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The results of the application of the formula of Kawamura (1951) to in situ meteorological data in order to forecast the sand transport rate due to wind action are described in this paper. A new episode of dune formation started in the 1980's in these beaches, and more recently they have been affected by aeolian erosion since the beginning of the destruction of foredune vegetation due to the increase in tourist activities in the area. Shear velocity (U*t) values on the surface were determined starting from wind speed vertical profiles. Critical shear velocity values to start the sand movement were also determined, taking into account the grain size variations of the beach material along the coast. And finally, transport rates are calculated in each case. A comparison is carried out between the transport rates estimated starting from wind data and those resulting from meaurements of the sand volumes accumulated in the dunes during 12 years of monitoring. The main transport directions are shown, as well as the direction of the resultant and their relation to the morphological and dynamic pattern of the dunes. Besides, it is concluded that aeolian transport is limited to those sites where grain size is higher than 0.5 mm.
    Description: Published
    Description: coastal dunes, foredunes, deflation, eolian erosion.
    Keywords: Dunes ; Dunes ; Beach morphology ; Sand structures ; Eolian transport
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  • 12
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    Soluciones ingenieras para la regeneración de Playa Estero Ciego, Cuba. (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Estero Ciego beach is located in the tourist area in Holguín province, northeastern coast of Cuba. At present, the beach suffers an erosion process, being observed the appearance of extensive rocky surfaces in the eastern half of the beach as well as a marked deficit of sand in the coast. The objective of this study is to define the engineering solutions required to improve the aesthetic and use conditions of the beach. As main action it is proposed the artificial nourishment of sand, since it constitutes a solution that creates the aesthetic conditions rapidly. As a complement to guarantee the beach stability for a longer period of time, it is also intended to reduce part of the rocky surface that presently exists on the coastline in the eastern half of the beach.
    Description: Published
    Description: beach regeneration, modeling, equilibrium profile, erosive storm.
    Keywords: Beach profiles ; Beach morphology ; Beach erosion ; Coastal engineering
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  • 13
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    Obtención de gas combustible mediante la bioconversión del alga marina Ulva lactuca (2010)
    Instituto de Oceanología
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Uno de los biocombustibles más comunes y conocidos es el biogás, el cual puede ser obtenido mediante la bioconversión de diferentes materias orgánicas. Aunque poco conocido en nuestro país, también se puede obtener biogás partiendo de las algas marinas mediante un adecuado manejo, sin que constituya un peligro ecológico. La biomasa de las algas se puede considerar como un sustrato comparable con los residuos agrícolas y residuales urbanos en el campo de la biometanización. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo obtener gas combustible mediante la bioconversión del alga marina Ulva lactuca. Para esto, se determinó la composición físico – química de las algas y se diseñó un sistema de digestión para obtener biogás a nivel de laboratorio. Se logró obtener 0.017 m3/kg de biogás, con 65.3% aproximadamente de metano, alcanzando una presión suficiente para ser quemado en mecheros tipo Bunsen usados en laboratorios. El uso del alga como sustrato demostró ventajas que hacen factible su uso para estos fines, ya que no contiene lignina en cantidades que obstruya el proceso de bioconversión, no es necesario hacer pretratamiento ahorrando reguladores de pH y la adición de nutrientes. Además, el uso de algas para la producción de biogás puede ser una solución a la deposición de esta biomasa en las orillas de las playas.
    Description: One of the most common known bio-fuel is biogas. It can be obtained by means of the bioconversion of different organic matters. Although little known in our country, biogas may also be obtained from marine algae by means of an adequate management, without constituting an ecological hazard. Algae biomass can be considered as a substrate comparable to agricultural and urban wastes, in the field of biomethanization. The objective of the present work is to obtain gas fuel by means of the bioconversion of marine alga Ulva lactuca. For this purpose, the physicochemical composition of the algae was determined and a digestion system to obtain biogas at laboratory scale was designed. As a result, 0.017 m3/kg of biogas was obtained, with approximately 65.3% of methane, reaching enough pressure to be used in Bunsen burners used in laboratories. The advantages of using algae as substrate demonstrated its feasibility for this purpose: since algae do not contain lignin in quantities that obstruct the bioconversion process, it is not necessary to make a previous treatment, thus saving pH regulators and the addition of nutrients. Moreover, the use of algae for biogas production can be a solution for the deposition of this biomass on the beaches.
    Description: Published
    Description: biocombustible, bioconversión, biogás, biometanización, Ulva lactuca, bio-fuel, bioconversion, biogas, biomethanization
    Keywords: Algae ; Biogas ; Algae ; Biogas ; Experimental research
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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