ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Several different databases and models have been developed over many years of petrological study carried out by several European and non-European groups on mantle xenoliths, peridotite massifs, ophiolites and mafic magmas spanning in age from Archaean to Recent times. This volume aims to bring together these different approaches and to integrate the geochemical perceptions of the European upper mantle. The papers include regional petrological studies of the European lithospheric mantle, from Spain to the Pannonian Basin, from Corsica and Serbia as far north as Svalbard. Six contributions are based on studies of mantle xenoliths, while the remaining three deal with ophiolitic and peridotitic complexes. A further article provides an update on the textural classification of mantle rocks using a computer-aided approach and there is an introductory overview.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains a collection of stratigraphic and diagenetic case studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate sequences from the Tethyan realm. High levels of industry and academic interest in the region have generated numerous multi-disciplinary studies of these sequences, a selection of which are presented in this volume. The studies presented are based on both comprehensive subsurface datasets from important hydrocarbon-bearing strata of the Middle East and the excellent surface exposures in the region of interest. The studies presented in this volume may serve as suitable starting points in the development of age and architecture specific carbonate reference models. Such models can form the basis of internally consistent models for carbonate deposition, sequence development and reservoir performance. Ideally such models, suitably scaled, will be equally applicable to academic studies, the exploration and development phases of the field life cycle and in the prediction of future reservoir performance.

Description / Table of Contents: Onshore fold–thrust belts are commonly perceived as ‘difficult’ places to explore for hydrocarbons and are therefore often avoided. However, these belts host large oil and gas fields and so these barriers to effective exploration mean that substantial unexploited resources may remain. Over time, evaluation techniques have improved. It is possible in certain circumstances to achieve good 3D seismic data. Structural restoration techniques have moved into the 3D domain and increasingly sophisticated palaeo-thermal indicators allow better modelling of burial and uplift evolution of source and reservoirs. Awareness of the influence of pre-thrust structure and stratigraphy and of hybrid thick and thin-skinned deformation styles is augmenting the simplistic geometric models employed in earlier exploration. But progress is a slow, expensive and iterative process. Industry and academia need to collaborate in order to develop and continually improve the necessary understanding of subsurface geometries, reservoir and charge evolution and timing; this publication offers papers on specific techniques, outcrop and field case studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Fold-and-thrust belts occur worldwide, have formed in all eras of geological time, and are widely recognized as the most common mode in which the crust accommodates shortening. Much current research on the structure of fold-and-thrust belts is focused on structural studies of regions or individual structures and on the geometry and evolution of these regions employing kinematic, mechanical and experimental modelling. In keeping with the main trends of current research, this title is devoted to the kinematic evolution and structural styles of a number of fold-and-thrust belts formed from Palaeozoic to Recent times. The papers included in this book cover a broad range of different topics, from modelling approaches to predict internal deformation of single structures, 3D reconstructions to decipher the structural evolution of groups of structures, palaeomagnetic studies of portions of fold-and-thrust belts, geometrical and kinematical aspects of Coulomb thrust wedges and structural analyses of fold-and-thrust belts to unravel their sequence of deformations.

Description / Table of Contents: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.

Description / Table of Contents: This collection of papers presents recent advances in the study of deformation mechanisms and rheology and their applications to tectonics. Many of the contributions exploit new petrofabric techniques, particularly electron backscatter diffraction, to help understand evolution of rock microstructure and mechanical properties. Papers in the first section (lattice preferred orientations and anisotropy) show a growing emphasis on the determination of elastic properties from petrofabrics, from which acoustic properties can be computed for comparison with in-situ seismic measurements. Such research will underpin geodynamic interpretation of large-scale active tectonics. Contributions in the second section (microstructures, mechanisms and rheology) study the relations between microstructural evolution during deformation and mechanical properties. Many of the papers explore how different mechanisms compete and interact to control the evolution of grain size and petrofabrics. Contributors make use of combinations of laboratory experiments, field studies and computational methods, and several relate microstructural and mechanical evolution to large-scale tectonic processes observed in nature.

Description / Table of Contents: Living with natural hazards in the Asia–Pacific region / James R. Goff and James P. Terry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 1-2, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.1 --- The special vulnerability of Asia–Pacific islands to natural hazards / James P. Terry and James R. Goff / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 3-5, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.2 --- Flood generation during the SW monsoon season in northern Thailand / Han She Lim and Kanokporn Boochabun / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 7-20, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.3 --- Marine inundation hazards in French Polynesia: geomorphic impacts of Tropical Cyclone Oli in February 2010 / Samuel Etienne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 21-39, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.4 --- Records of submarine natural hazards off SW Taiwan / Chih-Chieh Su, Jing-Yi Tseng, Ho-Han Hsu, Cheng-Shing Chiang, Ho-Shing Yu, Saulwood Lin and James T. Liu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 41-60, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.5 --- Bedding structures in Indian tsunami deposits that provide clues to the dynamics of tsunami inundation / Adam D. Switzer, S. Srinivasalu, N. Thangadurai and V. Ram Mohan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 61-77, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.6 --- Tsunami hazard related to a flank collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Strait, Indonesia / T. Giachetti, R. Paris, K. Kelfoun and B. Ontowirjo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 79-90, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.7 --- An examination of hazard communication logs and public response during the 1946 and 1960 tsunamis that impacted Hilo, Hawaii / Jeanne B. Johnston, Deanne K. Bird, James R. Goff and Walter C. Dudley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 91-105, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.8 --- Towards better design and management of tsunami evacuation routes: a case study of Ao Jak Beach Road / Alan D. Ziegler, Roy C. Sidle, Mandy S. Song, Zuo Jin Ang and Decha Duangnamon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 107-114, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.9 --- GIS-based techniques for assessing the vulnerability of buildings to tsunami: current approaches and future steps / C. Tarbotton, D. Dominey-Howes, J. R. Goff, M. Papathoma-Kohle, F. Dall'Osso and I. L. Turner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 115-125, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.10 --- Impacts, recovery and resilience of Thai tourist coasts to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami / Poh Poh Wong / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 127-138, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.11 --- Earthquake catastrophe models in disaster response planning, risk mitigation and financing in developing countries in Asia / Nigel Winspear, Rade Musulin and Mohan Sharma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 139-150, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.12 --- Geological hazards of SW Natib Volcano, site of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, the Philippines / A. M. F. Lagmay, R. Rodolfo, H. Cabria, J. Soria, P. Zamora, C. Abon, C. Lit, M. R. T. Lapus, E. Paguican, M. G. Bato, G. Tiu, E. Obille, N. E. Pellejera, P. C. Francisco, R. N. Eco and J. Aviso / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 151-169, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.13 --- Influence of the institutional and socio-economic context for responding to disasters: case study of the 1994 and 2006 eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia / Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei and Franck Lavigne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 171-186, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.14 --- Exploratory spatial analysis of typhoon characteristics in the North Pacific basin / Chen-Chieh Feng and James P. Terry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 187-194, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.15 --- Geovisualization of tropical cyclone behaviour in the South Pacific / Gennady A. Gienko and James P. Terry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 195-208, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.16 --- The value of a Pacific-wide tsunami database to risk reduction: putting theory into practice / James R. Goff, Catherine Chagué-Goff and James P. Terry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 361, 209-220, 1 January 2012, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP361.17

Description / Table of Contents: Die polarisationsmikroskopische Untersuchung von Materialien (Minerale, Gesteine, Erze, Werkstoffe, Syntheseprodukte) im Durchlicht und Auflicht ist eine der klassischen und bis heute unverzichtbaren mineralogischen Untersuchungsmethoden. Sie ermöglicht es, die festen Substanzen (kristallin, amorph) zerstörungsfrei und mit relativ hoher Ortsauflösung in ihrem Aggregatverband meist sicher zu identifizieren, ihre Zusammensetzungen abzu-schätzenund darüber hinaus aus den Gefügemerkmalen des Materials (Struktur, Textur, Phasenbestand, Phasenbeziehungen, Reaktionstexturen etc.) wichtige Hinweise auf dessen Bildungsgeschichte abzuleiten. Polarisationsmikroskopie ist dadurch den integrierenden Analyseverfahren an Probenpulvern zur Bestimmung des Phasenbestandes (RDA) und der chemischen Zusammensetzung (RFA, AAS) deutlich überlegen. Polarisationsmikroskopie gelangt jedoch an die Grenzen, wenn z.B. die chemische Zusammensetzung komplexer Mischphasen genau bestimmt werden muss oder die Feinkörnigkeit des Materials eine Bestimmung der einzelnen Phasen nicht mehr zulässt. Eine moderne materialwissen-schaftlicheUntersuchung wird daher stets entsprechend der jeweiligen Problemstellung und Materialbeschaffenheit die polarisationsmikroskopische Bearbeitung mit zerstörungsfreier, hoch ortsauflösender Analytik (EMS, REM-EDX, TEM) verbinden. Die polarisationsmikroskopischen Bestimmungsmethoden der durchsichtigen amorphen und kristallinen Phasen (Gläser, Minerale, synthetische Substanzen) und die hierfür notwendigen kristalloptischen Zusammenhänge sind in zahlreichen deutsch-und englischsprachigen Lehrbüchern ausführlich behandelt (siehe Literaturauswahl). Die folgende Einführung in die Mineralbestimmung im Dünnschliff kann daher auf eine breite Darstellung des Stoffes verzichten. Für die praktische Arbeit am Polarisationsmikroskop genügt es, die erforder-lichenSachverhalte in einer prägnanten und auch dem mineralogisch wenig vorgebildeten Mikroskopierenden verständlichen Anleitung zusammenzufassen. Kristalloptische und kristallographische Grundlagen werden nur soweit behandelt, als sie für das Verständnis der beobachteten optischen Phänomene und morphologischen Merkmale notwendig erscheinen. Die polarisationsmikroskopische Bestimmung der Minerale erfolgt anhand ihrer optischen und morphologischen Kennzeichen. Umfangreiche Tabellenwerke stellen die hierfür benötigte Datenbasis für eine außerordentliche Vielzahl von natürlichen Mineralen und synthetischen Phasen bereit (siehe Literaturauswahl). Grundlage dieses Leitfadens bildet das in langjähriger Mikroskopiepraxis bewährte, seit einigen Jahren jedoch vergriffene Clausthaler Heft 14 „Methoden der Dünnschliffmikro-skopie“von G. Müller & M. Raith. Wir haben den Text weitgehend übernommen, das Bildmaterial jedoch graphisch modern überarbeitet, mit weiteren Abbildungen ergänzt sowie die vielfältigen Phänomene mit zahlreichen Mikrofotos veranschaulicht. Wir hoffen, dass dieser Leitfaden dem Studierenden das notwendige Rüstzeug für einen erfolgreichen Einstieg in die Polarisationsmikroskopie bereitstellt. Anregungen und Hinweise zur Darstellung sind jederzeit willkommen!

Description / Table of Contents: The past decade has witnessed a major revival in attempts to separate biodiversity signals from biases imposed by sampling and the architecture of the rock record. How large a problem this poses to our understanding of biodiversity patterns remains debatable, and new approaches are being developed to investigate this question. Here palaeobiologists with widely differing approaches and interests explore the problems of extracting reliable information on biodiversity change from an imperfect geological record. Topics covered range from the application of information-theoretic approaches that identify directional causal relationships to an in-depth study of how geological biases could influence our understanding of dinosaur evolution. A wide range of new insights into the links between the land, shallow-marine and deep-sea rock and fossil records are presented, making this volume invaluable to anyone in the Earth or life sciences who wishes to remain abreast of this dynamic and rapidly evolving research area.

Description / Table of Contents: The UK is a country with over 150 years of widespread exploitation of its principal aquifers for public water supply. Increasing demands, greater awareness of environmental pressures and more exacting legislation has heightened the need for quantitative models to predict the impacts of groundwater use. In the UK this has culminated in a unique national, regulator-led programme for England and Wales to develop conceptual and numerical models of the principal bedrock aquifers. The outcomes of this programme will be of interest to the international hydrogeological community, particularly as international legislation such as the European Water Framework Directive requires management of water issues across administrative boundaries with a varied cast of stakeholders. The collection of papers provides a contrast between practitioner- and research-based approaches to assess and predict the anthropogenic impacts and environmental pressures. Many insights are provided on how the regular use of groundwater models may address the environmental challenges of the future.