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  • Articles  (11)
  • pastoralism  (6)
  • cultural ecology  (5)
  • Springer  (11)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (11)
  • History
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • Springer  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time allocation and meat procurement among the Shipibo Indians of eastern Peru (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 189-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: cultural ecology ; human adaptation ; Shipibo ; procurement model ; decision-making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that the Shipibo Indians follow a meat-procurement strategy that (1) takes into account seasonally variable exploitation costs of fishing and hunting, and (2) helps them satisfy their nutritional requirements for meat in a way which minimizes the amount of time they must allocate to meat procurement. To test this idea, linear programming theory is linked with Bergman's ethnographic description of the Shipibo system in order to construct a mathematical model of the Shipibo meat-procurement strategy. Statistical procedures and Bergman's data are used to estimate parameters in the model and the predictions of the model are then compared to observed values. This paper concludes by proposing a conceptual approach to human adaptation which distinguishes cognition from behavior, but interconnects the two in indigenous decision-making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00889133
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatility of animal wealth among Southwest Asian pastoralists (1982)
    Springer
    Human ecology 10 (1982), S. 85-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Middle East ; pastoralism ; economic anthropology ; economic mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Accounts of Southwest Asian pastoralism often suggest that wealth in animals is volatile. However, no systematic study has been undertaken to determine either the potential for herd increase and loss or the likely long-term implications of this potential. Drawing on an analysis of data from the Komachi nomads of south-central Iran and other Southwest Asian pastoralists, this paper addresses these questions. It argues that, contrary to conventional expectations, (a) herds in the region do not show potential for dramatic increase; (b) radical shifts in individual economic status are unlikely to occur through normal gains and losses; and (c) to the extent that short-term gains or losses of individual holdings do occur, long-term economic differentiation within a population can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology of a pastoral caste: Gavli Dhangars of peninsular India (1982)
    Springer
    Human ecology 10 (1982), S. 107-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: pastoralism ; ecology and development ; malarial history ; shifting cultivation ; ecological history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The Gavlis are a pastoral caste of the forested hill tracts of India 's Western Ghats region. This paper examines their shift under British colonial rule from buffalo-keepers to goatherds to cultivators of increasingly marginal hill tracts, the context of forest exploitation and malaria control as well as more recent dairy development programs of the Indian government. It concludes that if present trends continue Gavlis everywhere will follow the same progression, eventually becoming landless migrants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Swidden Ape the Jungle? (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Agriculture ; cultural ecology ; South America ; intercropping ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Results of recent ethnographic research in indigenous agricultural systems in the South American tropical forests indicate that the Geertzian model of the highly intercropped swidden that mimics the tropical forest it replaces is not the appropriate description of the agricultural regimes of several rainforest peoples. A model is proposed relating degree of intercropping to amount of agricultural labor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891227
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to drought among farmers and herders in southern Kajiado District, Kenya (1984)
    Springer
    Human ecology 12 (1984), S. 35-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Kenya ; drought ; farming ; pastoralism ; rural development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract From 1972 to 1976 rainfall in Kajiado District of Kenya was below normal. The capacity of the farming and herding systems to cope with the consequent reduction in production is discussed within a context of changing land-use patterns and altered resource availability. It is concluded that land-use planning to allocate the available land and water resources and to promote off-farm employment is required to reduce the vulnerability of the population to future drought conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pastoralism and conservation (1984)
    Springer
    Human ecology 12 (1984), S. 431-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: pastoralism ; overstocking ; overgrazing ; environmental degradation ; wildlife conservation ; joint land use ; Ngorongoro Conservation Area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Traditional subsistence pastoralists are often seen as causing environmental degradation through overgrazing, and are also seen as responsible for a decline in wildlife numbers through resource competition and habitat change. This paper investigates recent ideas on the interaction of pastoralism and conservation that question the validity of the concepts of overstocking and overgrazing as applied to arid and semiarid rangelands. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, a Maasai pastoralist/wildlife conservation joint land use area in northern Tanzania, shows no clear signs of pastoralist-induced environmental degradation despite a preoccupation with this possibility by successive administrations. Ecological studies together with other considerations suggest that joint land use works to the long-term benefit of both pastoralism and conservation in this and other areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531127
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental analysis in human evolution and adaptation research (1980)
    Springer
    Human ecology 8 (1980), S. 135-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: cultural ecology ; adaptation ; environmental analysis ; human evolution ; evolutionary ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Human evolution and ecology analyses argue that environment is a major factor influencing biological and sociocultural adaptation, but they rarely analyze environmental properties. Multiple problems of perspective and method can arise from the normative and nondynamic environmental descriptions which pervade these analyses. This paper examines human adaptation frameworks to identify theoretical guidelines for environmental description in ways appropriate to available theories of biocultural evolution or congruent with known ecosystem qualities. Concepts and terminology are given for describing the spatial and temporal properties characteristic of ecosystems and central to hypotheses about ecological adaptation. These include: patchiness and grain; stability and resilience; persistence and recurrence; and predictability, constancy, and contingency. Field experience, theory, and the qualities of ecosystems themselves suggest that detailed, historical (long-term) environmental analysis is necessary to determine the role of ecological factors in human evolution and adapation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531439
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological succession in new and old swiddens of montane Papua New Guinea (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: succession ; cultural ecology ; shifting cultivation ; biomass ; net productivity ; swidden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Fieldwork conducted in new and old swiddens in the Maring territory of the Bismarck Mountains of Papua New Guinea indicated a successional sequence of crop composition, diversity, and biomass regulated by human and ecological processes. With increasing swidden age, the number of cultivated species, individuals, varieties, and net productivity decreased. In contrast to new swiddens, old swiddens were characterized by a simplified crop composition and a distinct vertical stratification. While a 3-month-old garden contained 10 cultivar species, 43.5 plantings of taro, a cultivar biomass content of 2.54 kg/25 m2, and a net productivity of 1.13 gm/m2/day, a 2-year-old garden contained six cultivar species, no taro plantings, a cultivar biomass content of 13.80 kg/25 m2, and a net productivity of 0.77 gm/m2/day. Differences in the life histories of cultivars help determine cultivar succession. This study quantitatively defines these changing characteristics of old and new swiddens. It concludes that the Kauwatyi system of subsistence, which emphasizes diversity and conservation practices, such as the planting and protection of certain forest regrowth species, ensures the regeneration of forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of latitudinality in Himalayan mountain ecosystems (1980)
    Springer
    Human ecology 8 (1980), S. 117-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: mountain ecosystems ; latitudinality ; mixed mountain agriculture ; Himalayas ; Tibetans ; pastoralism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper argues that the altitude-oriented “mixed mountain agriculture” model in which mountain dwellers move to higher altitudes in summer and lower ones in winter does not fit the empirical situation in many areas of the Himalayas where north-south or latitudinally differentiated habitat and production zones play important and, in some instances, central roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531438
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision-making organization and pastoral nomad camp size (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 175-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: decision-making ; organization theory ; pastoralism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract It is suggested on both theoretical and empirical grounds that both central tendency and maximum potential range of variation in camp size among a variety of pastoral nomad groups is heavily constrained by limitations on the ability of individuals and small groups to monitor and process information in decision-making contexts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891742
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rethinking stone age economics: Some speculations concerning the pre-Columbian Yanoama economy (1984)
    Springer
    Human ecology 12 (1984), S. 291-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Yanoama ; Amazonian Indians ; technological change ; cultural ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of steel tools and new crops radically transformed the Yanoama Indians' pre-Columbian economy. A consideration of the impact of these innovations allows for the reconstruction of that economy which suggests a higher dependence upon foraging, a lower population density, more mobile settlement pattern, and heavier workload, than today. This reconstruction challenges both current speculations about pre-Columbian Amazonian economic systems which apply Sahlins' concept of “aboriginal affluence” and those concerning the relationship between Amazonian environment and “cultural development.” This reconstruction, confirmed in part by fragmentary historical sources, explores some of the dramatic changes which must have taken place since contact. The Yanoama's agricultural subsistence base is a recent innovation, made possible since contact by new tools and new crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540593
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