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  • Articles  (2,662)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)  (2,662)
  • 2010-2014  (2,662)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (2,662)
Collection
  • Articles  (2,662)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014  (2,662)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954
  • 2015-2019  (25,563)
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  • 1
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    Current trend of robotics application in medical (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The applications of robotics in recent years has emerged beyond the field of manufacturing or industrial robots itself. Robotics applications are now widely used in medical, transport, underwater, entertainment and military sector. In medical field, these applications should be emphasized in view of the increasing challenges due to the variety of findings in the field of medicine which requires new inventions to ease work process. The objective of this review paper is to study and presents the past and on-going research in medical robotics with emphasis on rehabilitation (assistive care) and surgery robotics which are certainly the two main practical fields where robots application are commonly used presently. The study found that, rehabilitation and surgery robotics applications grow extensively with the finding of new invention, as well as research that is being undertaken and to be undertaken. The importance of medical robot in medical industry is intended to offer positive o...
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  • 2
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    Syntheses of crosslinked latex nanoparticles using differential microemulsion polymerization (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The differential microemulsion polymerization was used to synthesize latex nanoparticles. In this paper, 1, 3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate (1, 3-BGDMA) was used as a crosslinker respectively 1–5 weight% of monomer total. Butyl acrylate (BA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), and methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the monomer. The thin film of latex nanoparticles were prepared by using spin coating method and have been dried at 100°C for 5 minutes. The amount of the crosslinker added in the polymerization was optimized and we found that the particle sizes fall in the range of 30–60 nm. The structural morphology of the uncrosslinked latex represented the most homogeneous image compared to the crosslinked latex. The effect of the amount of crosslinker on the particle sizes investigated by the Zeta-sizer Nano series while Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the structural properties of latex nanoparticles.
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  • 3
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    A Simplified Model of a Reinforced Square Hollow Section (SHS) T-Joint for Stress Evaluation in Bus Superstructures (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This study aims to create a simplified model of a reinforced square hollow section (SHS) T-joint found in bus superstructures. The approach is to use a combination of one- and two-dimensional finite element models to represent a reference three-dimensional finite element (solid) model of the joint and determine stress concentration factors (SCFs) as functions of the geometrical variables of the joint. This approach requires the stiffness of the simplified model to be equivalent to the stiffness of the reference solid model. Trial models, therefore, must be proposed and their stiffnesses must be evaluated against the stiffness of the reference solid model. The best trial model is then selected based on the stiffness error function defined to represent the deviation of the simplified model's stiffness from the reference model's stiffness. After a trial model with minimum stiffness error is selected, its SCFs, relating the maximum stress in the simplified model to the maximum stres...
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  • 4
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    Magnetic and nonmagnetic tunnel barriers in Sr 2 FeMoO 6 (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) in polycrystalline Sr 2 FeMoO 6 has been a matter of intense interest for more than a decade now, where the nature of the insulating tunnel barrier turned out to be the core issue of debate. Other than the nonmagnetic grain boundaries as conventional tunnel barriers, intragrain magnetic anti-phase boundaries (APB) as well as magnetically frustrated grain surfaces have also been proposed to act as tunnel barriers and influence the TMR response of Sr 2 FeMoO 6 in different ways. In this paper, it is shown that depending upon the physical state of the sample, at least three different types of tunnelling mechanism may persist in polycrystalline Sr 2 FeMoO 6 and a purely conventional TMR response, seldom reported in this important magnetoresistive material, is also possible.
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  • 5
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    Optical Properties of Nano-Porous Structure ZnO Prepared by Catalytic-Immersion Method (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This paper presents an efficient method to prepare ZnO nano-porous structure via immersion of Si substrate with catalyst assistance (gold) in the mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O) and urea (CH 4 N 2 O). Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of nano-porous ZnO revealed it had strong UV emission with low oxygen defect. Optical properties are found to be significantly affected by varying the Zn 2+ : urea ratio but from surface morphology observation, the porous structure was stabile and seemingly unchanged.
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  • 6
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    A Mathematical Model for Scheduling a Batch Processing Machine with Multiple Incompatible Job Families, Non-identical Job dimensions, Non-identical Job sizes, Non-agreeable release times and due dates (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The paper addresses the problem scheduling a batch processing machine with multiple incompatible job families, non-identical job dimensions, non-identical job sizes and non-agreeable release dates to minimize makespan. The research problem is solved by proposing a mixed integer programming model that appropriately takes into account the parameters considered in the problem. The proposed is validated using a numerical example. The experiment conducted show that the model can pose significant difficulties in solving the large scale instances. The paper concludes by giving the scope for future work and some alternative approaches one can use for solving these class of problems.
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  • 7
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    Sol-Gel Derived Nano-Magnesium Oxide: Influence of Drying Temperature to the Dielectric Layer Properties (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Nano-magnesium oxide (Nano-MgO) had successfully deposited on glass substrate using sol-gel spin coating technique at different drying temperature (100, 200 and 300°C). The dielectric layer properties of deposited nano-MgO films were investigated in terms of its resistivity, leakage current density, relative permittivity, topology and morphology respectively. Changing in drying temperature resulted in variation of nano-MgO films properties and film dried at 200°C has compact, uniform, less porous and in nano size that lead to the enhancement in relative permittivity value.
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  • 8
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    A deterministic aggregate production planning model considering quality of products (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Aggregate Production Planning (APP) is a medium-term planning which is concerned with the lowest-cost method of production planning to meet customers' requirements and to satisfy fluctuating demand over a planning time horizon. APP problem has been studied widely since it was introduced and formulated in 1950s. However, in several conducted studies in the APP area, most of the researchers have concentrated on some common objectives such as minimization of cost, fluctuation in the number of workers, and inventory level. Specifically, maintaining quality at the desirable level as an objective while minimizing cost has not been considered in previous studies. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model that serves those companies aiming to incur the minimum level of operational cost while maintaining quality at an acceptable level. In order to obtain the solution to the multi-objective model, the Fuzzy Goal Programming...
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  • 9
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    Web-based Factors Affecting Online Purchasing Behaviour (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The growing use of internet and online purchasing among young consumers in Malaysia provides a huge prospect in e-commerce market, specifically for B2C segment. In this market, if E-marketers know the web-based factors affecting online buyers' behaviour, and the effect of these factors on behaviour of online consumers, then they can develop their marketing strategies to convert potential customers into active one, while retaining existing online customers. Review of previous studies related to the online purchasing behaviour in B2C market has point out that the conceptualization and empirical validation of the online purchasing behaviour of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) literate users, or ICT professional, in Malaysia has not been clearly addressed. This paper focuses on (i) web-based factors which online buyers (ICT professional) keep in mind while shopping online; and (ii) the effect of web-based factors on online purchasing behaviour. Based on the extensive l...
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  • 10
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    Quality Service Analysis and Improvement of Pharmacy Unit of XYZ Hospital Using Value Stream Analysis Methodology (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Value stream mapping is a tool which is needed to let the business leader of XYZ Hospital to see what is actually happening in its business process that have caused longer lead time for self-produced medicines in its pharmacy unit. This problem has triggered many complaints filed by patients. After deploying this tool, the team has come up with the fact that in processing the medicine, pharmacy unit does not have any storage and capsule packing tool and this condition has caused many wasting times in its process. Therefore, the team has proposed to the business leader to procure the required tools in order to shorten its process. This research has resulted in shortened lead time from 45 minutes to 30 minutes as required by the government through Indonesian health ministry with increased %VA (valued added activity) or Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) from 66% to 68% (considered lean because it is upper than required 30%). This result has proved that the process effectiveness has be...
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  • 11
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    Optimization algorithms intended for self-tuning feedwater heater model (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This work presents a self-tuning feedwater heater model. This work continues the work on first-principle gray-box methodology applied to diagnostics and condition assessment of power plant components. The objective of this work is to review and benchmark the optimization algorithms regarding the time required to achieve the best model fit to operational power plant data. The paper recommends the most effective algorithm to be used in the model adjustment process.
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  • 12
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    Synthesis and Temperature Dependence of I-V Characteristic of Spin-Coated Nanostructured ZnO on P-Type Silicon (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: P-type silicon was used as a substrate of deposition of nanostructured ZnO by sol-gel spin coating technique, while zinc acetate, diethanolamine, and isopropyl were used as starting material, stabilizer and solvent respectively. Surface morphology was studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). It was found that nanostructured ZnO was distributed uniformly over the P-type Silicon substrate. This was supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) image which shows the all the surfaces are covered by nanoparticle of ZnO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyse the structural and crystalline of nanostructured ZnO. Three peak (100), (002), and (101) correspond to nanostructed ZnO are appear. Temperature dependence I-V characteristic was investigated in range of 25 K to 300 K by using Close Cycle Cryostat and using Helium as cooler agent. It is found that the resistance were decrease toward the higher temperature. The result shows that resistivity gradually de...
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  • 13
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    Advanced Manufacturing Systems in Food Processing and Packaging Industry (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: In this paper, several advanced manufacturing systems in food processing and packaging industry are reviewed, including: biodegradable smart packaging and Nano composites, advanced automation control system consists of fieldbus technology, distributed control system and food safety inspection features. The main purpose of current technology in food processing and packaging industry is discussed due to major concern on efficiency of the plant process, productivity, quality, as well as safety. These application were chosen because they are robust, flexible, reconfigurable, preserve the quality of the food, and efficient.
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  • 14
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    HTML Extraction Algorithm Based on Property and Data Cell (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The data available on the Internet is in various models and formats. One form of data representation is a table. Tables extraction is used in process more than one table on the Internet from different sources. Currently the effort is done by using copy-paste that is not automatic process. This article presents an approach to prepare the area, so tables in HTML format can be extracted and converted into a database that make easier to combine the data from many resources. This article was tested on the algorithm 1 used to determine the actual number of columns and rows of the table, as well as algorithm 2 are used to determine the boundary line of the property. Tests conducted at 100 tabular HTML format, and the test results provide the accuracy of the algorithm 1 is 99.9% and the accuracy of the algorithm 2 is 84%.
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  • 15
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    Thermal Degradation of Nanocomposited PMMA/TiO 2 Nanocomposites (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The polymer nanocomposite is a new choice to conventionally filled polymers. The lack of proper binding between the filler and the polymer can lead the decrease of the thermal and other properties of the nanocomposites. In this study, the nanocomposited PMMA/TiO 2 nanocomposites were prepared using sonication and solution casting method at different weight percent TiO 2 . The aims of adding TiO 2 in the PMMA is to study the effects of TiO 2 nanofiller on the thermal properties nanocomposites. FESEM results show the higher amounts of TiO 2 in PMMA increase the rough surface morphology of the samples. Further, the Raman results reveal that the TiO 2 nanofiller were successfully intercalated into the PMMA matrix. In addition, the thermal properties of nanocomposited PMMA/TiO 2 nanocomposites were increased with the addition of TiO 2 in the PMMA.
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  • 16
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    Improvement sensitivity humidity sensor based on ZnO/SnO 2 cubic structure (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: ZnO nanorod, SnO 2 nanoparticle and ZnO/SnO 2 cubic structure were prepared using sol-gel immersion method. These three structures had been growth on top sputtered ZnO thin film. The surface morphology of all thin film were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The prepared thin films were fabricated for humidity sensor application. The composite sensor ZnO/SnO 2 cubic structure gave excellent sensitivity compare to ZnO nanorod and SnO 2 nanoparticle. The improvement sensitivities of ZnO/SnO 2 cubic structure were 22.5 times from ratio of R 40RH% to R 90RH% at 25°C. ZnO/SnO 2 cubic structure had a great potential for humidity sensor application with good in repeatability and stability.
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  • 17
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    Preparation of nanostructures LaPO 4 films using sol-gel reaction with different annealing temperature (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Thin films of lanthanum phosphate (LaPO 4 ) nanostructures were fabricated on quartz substrate using sol-gel spin coating method subsequent with drying and annealing process. Increase of annealing temperature will increase the intensity of diffraction peaks; reveal that the particle size and crystallinity increase with temperature. A monoclinic structure was shown to be present in LaPO 4 thin films after first anneal at 200°C. The LaPO 4 nanostructures of average size 30 – 50 nm were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy. While the crystallize size were measured with x-ray diffraction (XRD). The images of LaPO 4 nanostructure films show uniformity of samples with homogenously close-packed morphology.
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  • 18
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    Design The Cervical Cancer Detector Use The Artificial Neural Network (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Cancer is one of the contagious diseases that become a public health issue, both in the world and in Indonesia. In the world, 12% of all deaths caused by cancer and is the second killer after cardiovascular disease. Early detection using the IVA is a practical and inexpensive (only requiring acetic acid). However, the accuracy of the method is quite low, as it can not detect the stage of the cancer. While other methods have a better sensitivity than the IVA method, is a method of PAP smear. However, this method is relatively expensive, and requires an experienced pathologist-cytologist. According to the case above, Considered important to make the cancer cervics detector that is used to detect the abnormality and cervical cancer stage and consists of a digital microscope, as well as a computer application based on artificial neural network. The use of cervical cancer detector software and hardware are integrated each other. After the specifications met, the steps to design the c...
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  • 19
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    3D Machine Vision and Additive Manufacturing: Concurrent Product and Process Development (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The manufacturing environment rapidly changes in turbulence fashion. Digital manufacturing (DM) plays a significant role and one of the key strategies in setting up vision and strategic planning toward the knowledge based manufacturing. An approach of combining 3D machine vision (3D-MV) and an Additive Manufacturing (AM) may finally be finding its niche in manufacturing. This paper briefly overviews the integration of the 3D machine vision and AM in concurrent product and process development, the challenges and opportunities, the implementation of the 3D-MV and AM at POLMAN Bandung in accelerating product design and process development, and discusses a direct deployment of this approach on a real case from our industrial partners that have placed this as one of the very important and strategic approach in research as well as product/prototype development. The strategic aspects and needs of this combination approach in research, design and development are main concerns of the pre...
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  • 20
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    Effect of strain rates on tensile and work hardening properties for Al-Zn magnesium alloys (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The effect of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of Al-Zn magnesium alloys was examined in room temperature from low to high strain rates by using a Universal Testing Machine. Quasi static tensile test was performed in four different strain rates to obtained their effect on tensile properties and work hardening rate using a round shape tensile sample. Two types of Al-Zn magnesium alloys were used in this research study i.e. AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys. The yield stress and tensile strength of AZ31 were found to be strain rate dependent but not for AZ61. The elongation of AZ31 were approximately about 15% for all strain rate levels but for AZ61 the elongations were slightly decreased with increasing strain rates. For all strain rate levels, the work hardening rate of AZ61 were found higher compared to that of AZ31. The change in fracture mode as observed from the fracture surface implies that the fracture mechanisms in AZ31 change as the strain rate increases.
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  • 21
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    Meta-analysis of the relationship between TQM and Business Performance (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Meta-analysis has been conducted based on 20 previous works from 4,040 firms at 16 countries from Asia, Europe and America. Throughout this paper a meta-analysis, this paper reviews the relationships between TQM and business performance amongst the regions. Meta-analysis result concludes that the average of rc is 0.47; Asia (rc=0.54), America (rc=0.43) and Europe (rc=0.38). The analysis also shows that Asia developed countries have greatest impact of TQM (rc=0.56). However, the analysis of ANOVA and t-test show that there is no significant difference amongst type of country (developed and developing countries) and regions at p=0.05. In addition, the average result of rc 2 is 0.24; Asia (rc 2 =0.33), America (rc 2 =0.22) and Europe (rc 2 =0.15). Meanwhile, rc 2 in developing countries (rc 2 =0.28) are higher than developed countries (rc 2 =0.21).
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  • 22
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    Peer review statement (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.
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  • 23
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    Uncertainty in the analysis of the overall equipment effectiveness on the shop floor (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: In this article an approach will be presented which supports transparency regarding the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment by combining the fuzzy set theory with the method of the overall equipment effectiveness analysis. One of the key principles of lean production and also a fundamental task in production optimization projects is the prior analysis of the current state of a production system by the use of key performance indicators to derive possible future states. The current state of the art in overall equipment effectiveness analysis is usually performed by cumulating different machine states by means of decentralized data collection without the consideration of uncertainty. In manual data collection or semi-automated plant data collection systems the quality of derived data often diverges and leads optimization teams to distorted conclusions about the real optimization potential of manufacturing equipment. The method discussed in this paper is to help practitioners t...
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  • 24
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    2013 International Conference on Manufacturing, Optimization, Industrial and Material Engineering (MOIME 2013) (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1757-899X/46/1/011001/banner.jpg] {Banner} The 2013 International Conference on Manufacturing, Optimization, Industrial and Material Engineering (MOIME 2013), was held at the Grand Royal Panghegar Hotel, Bandung, Indonesia, from 9–10 March 2013. The MOIME 2013 conference brought together researchers, engineers and scientists in the field from around the world. MOIME 2013 aimed to promote interaction between the theoretical, experimental, and applied communities, so that a high level exchange was achieved in new and emerging areas within Material Engineering, Industrial Engineering and all areas that related to Optimization. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all in the Technical Program Committee who reviewed the papers and developed a very interesting Conference Program as well as the invited and plenary speakers. This year, we received 103 papers and after rigorous review, 45 papers wer...
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  • 25
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    Microstructure and Nanoindentation Characterization of Low Temperature Hybrid Treated layer on Austenitic Stainless Steel (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: In this work, the hybrid treated layer on austenitic AISI 316L stainless steels were characterized to investigate the improvement on its surface properties. Characterization of this resulting layer was performed by FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), USPM (Universal Scanning Probe Microscope) and nanoindentation. By using these methods, changes in the mechanical properties due to the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen at low temperature treatments have been traced. This hybrid treated sample has confirmed a considerable increase in hardness and a small rise in the elastic modulus compared to the untreated sample. It is found that all treated samples have enhance E/H ratio which exhibited the decreasing tendency to plastic deformation and reduced the mismatch of properties, while keeping deformation within the elastic range.
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    Production and Supply Optimization in PT. Goodyear Indonesia Tbk (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The Production and Supply Optimization in PT. Goodyear Indonesia Tbk and its study in this paper provide the purposes to create a model of the Master Production Schedule (MPS). The mentioned MPS complies with company policy, production capacity and supply received. From view point of Industrial Engineering, there are needs for forecasting method effectiveness toward the company production capacity. Furthermore, from view point of Information Systems, there are needs to provide the MPS as compare to prior systems that was done manually resulting in the frequent error at the time of making MPS deductible. Several Methods are used and considered, such as: The method of time series, Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the calculation of production capacity, MPS, and designing information systems. By having the combination of views from Industrial Engineering and Information Systems perspective the improvement can be conducted from both theoretical develop...
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    Effects of temperature on the morphology and optical properties of ZnS thin films deposited by chemical bath (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Zinc sulphide thin films were deposited on Corning glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition technique at different temperatures. The influence of the bath temperature and deposition time on the morphological and optical properties of the ZnS films are herein investigated. ZnS films were deposited by changing the bath-temperature from 50 °C to 90 °C, and deposition times from 60 to 160 min. Thin and transparent films were obtained with thicknesses from 10 to 90 nm with the increment of the bath temperature, meanwhile the band gap energy E g values diminishes from 4.15 to 3.4 eV. The quality of the ZnS film surfaces was also influenced by increasing the bath temperature, as showed by the reduced grain size and the increase of roughness, obtained from atomic force microscopy images. ZnS films of good optical quality were obtained at 90 °C with a mean value of E g = 3.56 ± 0.03 eV.
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    A high absorbance material for solar collectors' applications (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: In this work, we proposed a low cost material to be used as an excellent absorber for solar collectors, to increase its thermal efficiency by the high capacity to absorb solar radiation. The material, known as "smoke black" (soot) can be obtained by the incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as the oxygen-acetylene, paraffin, or candles. A comparative analysis between the optical properties (reflectance, absorbance, and emissivity) measured on three covered copper surfaces (without paint, with a commercial matte black paint, and with smoke black) shows amazing optical results for the smoke black. Reflectance values of the smoke black applied over copper surfaces improves 56 times the values obtained from commercial black paints. High values of emissivity (E=0.9988) were measured on the surface covered with smoke black by spectrophotometry in the UV-VIS range, which represents about 7% of increment as compared with the value obtained for commercial black paints (E=0.938...
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    Polymer concrete reinforced with recycled-tire fibers: Mechanical properties (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Polymer Concrete was reinforced with recycled-tire fibers in order to improve the compressive and flexural strength. Polymer concrete specimens were prepared with 70% of silicious sand, 30% of polyester resin and various fiber concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 vol%). The results show increment of 50% in average of the compressive and flexural strength as well as on the deformation when adding 1.2 vol% of recycled-fibers.
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    Carbonaceous material production from vegetable residue and their use in the removal of textile dyes present in wastewater (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: This paper presents the adsorption results of acid, basic, direct, vat, and reactive-type dyes on carbonaceous adsorbent materials prepared starting off vegetable residue such as Opuntia ficus indica and Casimiroa edulis fruit wastes. The adsorbents prepared from Opuntia ficus indica waste were designated: TunaAsh, CarTunaT, and CarTunaQ. The materials obtained from Casimiroa edulis waste were named: CenZAP, CarZAPT, and CarZAPQ. TunaAsh and CenZAP consist of ashes obtained at 550 °C; CarTunaT and CarZAPT consist of the materials carbonized at 400 °C; lastly, CarTunaQ and CarZAPQ consist of chemically activated carbons using H 3 PO 4 at 400 °C. Only the chemically activated materials were washed with distilled water until a neutral pH was obtained after their carbonization. All materials were ground and sieved to obtain a particle size ranging from 0.25 to 0.84 mm. The static adsorption results showed that both ashes and chemically ...
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    Efficient method for polymerization of diallycarbonate and hexa(allylcarbonate) monomers and their thermal properties (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Polymers have had a significant increase in the industrial field, and polycarbonates (PCs) are an example. PCs have important properties such as high impact resistance, high heat capability, hardness, toughness, optical clarity, heat resistance, abrasion resistance and high refractive index. PCs with these properties have a variety of applications, for example, astronaut helmets, CDs/ DVDs, automobile parts, bulletproof windows, ophthalmic lenses and welding masks. In the present work we report the synthesis and characterization of network polycarbonates, based (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyldiallylcarbonate (I) and hexa(4-allylcarbonatephenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene (III). The polycarbonates were obtained by bulk polymerization technique. The polymers obtained with thermal initiators showed degrees of cross-linking greater than 80%. The PCs obtained have thermal stability to 250 °C. The polycarbonate obtained from the monomer III showed a limiting oxygen index of 46.3%, therefore this ...
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    Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of organophosphorus pesticide using SiO 2 -poly(N-vinylimidazole) (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: A sorbent material based on silica particles modified with poly(N-vinylimidazole) (SiO 2 -PVI) has been evaluated for the treatment of samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The extraction of four organophosphorus pesticides was done from a spiked tomato and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Six elution solvents were evaluated and acetone was selected due to better recovery of the four pesticides and low background signal in the chromatograms. A factorial design 2 4 was used for selection of extraction conditions. The factors were contact time, acetone volume, treatment (with or without freeze-drying) and adsorbent (SiO 2 or SiO 2 -PVI). The best recoveries were obtained using 15 minutes of contact, 2 mL of solvent and sorbent without freeze-drying. The recoveries were between 60 and 83% for SiO 2 -PVI in spiked tomato with 0.2 and 0.8μg/g.
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    Sandblasting as a surface modification technique on titanium alloys for biomedical applications: abrasive particle behavior (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: The present work shows the analysis of a sandblasting process using alumina abrasive particles on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The metallic samples were first characterized by optical microscopy (OM), revealing an α+β microstructure with a Widmanstätten morphology. Topography of the samples was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after sandblasting. The Al 2 O 3 particles used had a granulometric distribution between 420 and 850 μm, with a median particle size (d50) of 670 μm, which decreased to 420 μm after sandblasting for 10 seconds. This change in the size of the particles generated a loss on particle kinetic energy by a factor of 3.5. Such variation on processing conditions induced a progressive increase on average roughness (Ra) of the Ti - 6Al-4V surfaces, until the first 7 seconds were reached. From that point on, a reverse process was observed, exerting a polishing effect on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
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    Low temperature growth of Zn-ZnO microspheres by atomic hydrogen assisted-HFCVD (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Using ZnO pellets and molecular hydrogen as solid source and reactant gas respectively, Zn-ZnO microspheres were grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition in low temperature growth regime. The presence of Zn-ZnO microspheres was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. It is suggested that microspheres formed in the gas phase by nucleation of Zn atoms. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements suggest that microspheres were only superficially oxidized by water vapor species.
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    Thermal Arc Spray Overview (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Usage of protective coating for corrosion protection was on highly demand during the past decade; and thermal spray coating played a major part during that time. In recent years, the thermal arc spray coating becomes a popular coating. Many big players in oil and gas such as PETRONAS, EXXON MOBIL and SHELL in Malaysia tend to use the coating on steel structure as a corrosion protection. Further developments in coating processes, the devices, and raw materials have led to expansion of functional coatings and applications scope from conventional coating to specialized industries. It is widely used because of its ability to withstand high process temperature, offer advantages in efficiency, lower cost and acts as a corrosion protection. Previous research also indicated that the thermal arc spray offers better coating properties compared to other methods of spray. This paper reviews some critical area of thermal spray coating by discussing the process/parameter of thermal arc spray ...
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    Optimization studies on TFC membrane for Membrane Gas Absorption (MGA) application (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: A thin film composite (TFC) membrane has been developed by coating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glutaraldehyde (GH) on a surface porous polyvinylideneflouride (PVDF) membrane for membrane gas absorption (MGA) application. The optimum conditions for dip coating method were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of two independent factors, which PDMS concentrations (wt%) and dipping time (s) of GH on the four specific responses which are CO 2 and N 2 permeances, selectivity and contact angle (CA) value. The optimum conditions for PDMS concentration and GH dipping time are 10 wt% and 19 s, respectively where 354 GPU for CO 2 permeance, 66 GPU for N 2 permeance, 5.4 of selectivity and 132° of CA value were obtained. Through atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, the result shown the root mean square roughness (R ms ) of the TFC membrane was 381 nm a...
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    The Optical Properties of CdSe Quantum Dots by Using Spray-Atomization Method (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) is inorganic material by using spray-atomization method which is the novelty to find out the optical properties for the CdSe QDs. The Selenium (Se) precursor and Cadmium (Cd) precursor were prepared first. Se precursor by using sodium sulfite aqueous was mixed with selenium (Se) powder. For Cd precursor was used cadmium chloride (CdCI) as the Cd precursor. From previous research, CdSe QDs was obtained by using capping agent such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide ( TOPO) and trioctylphosphine (TOP). These capping agent are hazardous to environment and human. By using spray-atomization method it is more safe and economically. The photoluminescence (PL) was used to investigate the optical properties and to investigate the energy band gap from PL result. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to know the surface morphology of CdSe QDs. By PL result, the energy band gap was calculate and the comparison was investi...
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    Electrical properties of carbon nanotubes synthesis by double furnace thermal-CVD technique at different temperatures on porous silicon template (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNs) were synthesized using double-furnace thermal chemical vapor deposition technique at 700 – 900 °C on porous silicon nanostructure (PSiNs). Palm oil used as a carbon natural source, ferrocene as a catalyst and nitrogen gas as a carrier gas. The precursor were vaporized at 475 °C carried by nitrogen gas which flow at constant rate 150 sccm/min. Carbon nanotubes characterized by using Raman Spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to check its structure and crystallites before tested with I-V probe. Au contact used as a metal contact deposited on CNTs layer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with uniform diameter were found grown on porous silicon for each temperature used. Based on micro-Raman spectroscopy result, the peak of carbon nanotubes (around 1 300 to 1 600 nm) was detected. The I-V characteristic of CNTs deposited had different profile when deposited at different temperature.
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    MSWT-01, flood disaster water treatment solution from common ideas (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Indonesia has a lot of potential flood disaster places with clean water problems faced. Various solution programs always initiated by Government, companies CSR, and people sporadical actions to provide clean water; with their advantages and disadvantages respectively. One solution is easy to operate for instance, but didn't provide adequate capacity, whereas the other had ideal performance but more costly. This situation inspired to develop a water treatment machine that could be an alternative favor. There are many methods could be choosed; whether in simple, middle or high technology, depends on water source input and output result quality. MSWT, Mobile Surface Water Treatment, is an idea for raw water in flood area, basically made for 1m 3 per hour. This water treatment design adopted from combined existing technologies and related literatures. Using common ideas, the highlight is how to make such modular process put in compact design elegantly, and would be equippe...
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    Threefold representation of M-N-O systems as a guide to predict mechanosynthesis of M-N nanocrystals (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: A method is proposed to forecast how micrometric powders are converted on intermetallic nanocrystals by high-energy milling. Mixtures of MO-N or M-N as precursors were processed to obtain PbTe or PbSe. This transformation takes place by oxidizing highly reactive chalcogens such as Se or Te and reoxidation of PbO to form Pb complex chalcoxides. In the latter phases Te or Se share electrons to act as Te IV or Se IV , PbTeO 3 or PbSeO 3 . Once that state is completed, the reduction state manifests itself as an amorphous precipitation of phases. The final stage is traced as high purity nanocrystals.
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    Transmission of electrons with flat passbands in finite superlattices (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Using the transfer matrix method and the Ben Daniel-Duke equation for variable mass electrons propagation, we calculate the transmittance for symmetric finite superlattices where the width and the height of the potential barriers follow a linear dependence. The width and height of the barriers decreases from the center to the ends of the superlattice. The transmittance presents intervals of stopbands and quite flat passbands.
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    Low temperature ZnO films deposited by SSCVD (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: ZnO films were deposited by single source chemical vapor deposition (SSCVD) at low temperatures on glass substrates using zinc acetate as a source of Zn and oxygen gas as the oxidizing agent. The zinc acetate was sublimated on a resistance heated to 210°C. The substrate temperature was varied from 200 to 300°C every 50°C with a deposition time of 5 min. X-ray diffraction results show that all deposited films are polycrystalline with an average grain size below 8 nm in all directions. The ZnO films showed a transmittance higher than 75% in the visible region.
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    Experimental investigation of sound absorption properties of perforated date palm fibers panel (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This paper presents the sound absorption properties of a natural waste of date palm fiber perforated panel. A single layer of the date palm fibers was tested in this study for its sound absorption properties. The experimental measurements were carried out using impedance tube at the acoustic lab, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The experiment was conducted for the panel without air gap, with air gap and with perforated plate facing. Three air gap thicknesses of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm were used between the date palm fiber sample and the rigid backing of the impedance tube. The results showed that when facing the palm date fiber sample with perforated plate the sound absorption coefficient improved at the higher and lower frequency ranges. This increase in sound absorption coincided with reduction in medium frequency absorption. However, this could be improved by using different densities or perforated plate with the date palm fiber panel.
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    Effect of Iron and Cobalt Catalysts on The Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from Palm Oil Precursor (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Catalysts which are typically a transition metal is mandatory and plays an important role in the production of CNT. In this work, the effect of iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co) nitrate catalyst on the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNT) were systematically studied. Green bio-hydrocarbon precursor namely palm oil was used as a precursor. The synthesis was done using thermal chemical vapour deposition method at temperature of 750°C for 15 min synthesis time. The Fe and Co solution were spin-coated separately on silicon substrate at speed of 3000 rev.min-1. The CNT characteristics were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that CNT properties were strongly affected by the catalyst type. CNT catalyzed by Co yields large diameter, crooked tube and lower quality, whereas CNT produced by Fe catalyst results in the smallest diameter and reasonably good graphitization. As a conclusion, Fe was considered as the opt...
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    5S program to reduce change-over time on forming department (case study on CV Piranti Works temanggung) (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Productivity is one aspect that determines the success of a company in the competitive world of business. There are seven main types of activities that do not have value-added in manufacturing processes such as overproduction, waiting time, transportation, excess inventory, unnecessary motion and defects. The whole activity is a waste (waste) that can cause harm to the Company. Therefore, in production activities is important to pay attention so that the objectives of production productivity can be achieved. Problems experienced by CV Piranti Works is a production target is not achieved resulting in a lost sale raises the cost of which can cause harm to the Company. From the analysis conducted major known cause of the problem is the length of time required for changeover. This is supported by the high non-value added activity in the changeover activities. Lean Manufacturing is an approach to make system more efficient by reducing waste. This study refers to the book compiled by ...
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    Diameter Controlled of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized on Nanoporous Silicon Support (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been successfully synthesized on nanoporous silicon template (NPSiT) using botanical source, camphor oil. Diameter of CNTs synthesized was controlled by pore size of NPSiT prepared by photo-electrochemical anodization method. The diameter of CNTs grown on different NPSiT corresponded to the pore diameter of NPSiT. FESEM images showed self-organized bundles of fiber-like structures of CNTs with diameter of around 20nm which were successfully grown directly on nanoporous silicon while raman spectra obtained ratio of I D /I G at 0.67.
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    Enhancing a Multi-body Mechanism with Learning-Aided Cues in an Augmented Reality Environment (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Augmented Reality (AR) is a potential area of research for education, covering issues such as tracking and calibration, and realistic rendering of virtual objects. The ability to augment real world with virtual information has opened the possibility of using AR technology in areas such as education and training as well. In the domain of Computer Aided Learning (CAL), researchers have long been looking into enhancing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process by providing cues that could assist learners to better comprehend the materials presented. Although a number of works were done looking into the effectiveness of learning-aided cues, but none has really addressed this issue for AR-based learning solutions. This paper discusses the design and model of an AR based software that uses visual cues to enhance the learning process and the outcome perception results of the cues.
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    Acceptance of Internet Banking Systems among Young Managers (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The aim of this paper is to determine acceptance of internet banking system among potential young users, specifically future young managers. The relationships and the effects of computer self-efficacy (CSE) and extended technology acceptance model (TAM) on the behavioural intention (BI) to use internet banking system were examined. Measurement of CSE, TAM and BI were adapted from previous studies. However construct for TAM has been extended by adding a new variable which is perceived credibility (PC). A survey through questionnaire was conducted to determine the acceptance level of CSE, TAM and BI. Data were obtained from 275 Technology Management students, who are pursuing their undergraduate studies in a Malaysia's public university. The confirmatory factor analysis performed has identified four variables as determinant factors of internet banking acceptance. The first variable is computer self-efficacy (CSE), and another three variables from TAM constructs which are perceived...
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    The Combined Multi-objective Optimization Design for a Light Guide Rod (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The light guide rod (LGR) has been popularly used for the vehicles, and the automobile lamp industries need mass production to match this trend. This paper aims to develop a systemic way to find the best parameters' combination for the LGR, and the parameters are usually restricted to some levels and random values. In this paper, the LGR example with two optical performances of illuminance flux and uniformity is to be optimized by use of the real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and grey relational analysis (GRA). The illuminance flux and uniformity of the best parameters' combination are obtained and compared with the initial set. Comparisons with Taguchi-Grey can improve 5% of gain and comparisons with Pareto genetic algorithm (PaGA) can improve 1.7% of gain. The combined multi-objective optimization can saving 7% time and it is found that the new proposed method has positive gains in performances.
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    Approximation methods applied in assessment of valve system fatigue failure (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This paper proposes an analytical tool that supports the design process of a disc spring valve system used in hydraulic dampers. The proposed analytical tool obtains a key design characteristic of a valve, which is the flow rate and the corresponding maximum stress level in the stack of plates. The tool is prepared based on the cases produced by a first-principle model using a finite element approach. The finite element model was calibrated based on experimental results to provide accurate results in the entire range of input parameters.
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    Electroless Ni-P plating and Heat Treatments on S45C Carbon Steel (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: This research focused on the effects of S45C carbon steel using different pH values of electroless Ni-P plating. The experimental results show that the specimens using acid and alkaline baths of pH5 and pH8 of Ni-P deposition can acquire a higher hardness; the hardness values were the HV 0.05 701 and HV 0.05 803, respectively. Moreover, for pH5 and pH8 of Ni-P deposition with heat treatment of 350°C and 300°C and soaking for 1 hr, the highest level of hardness appeared in HV 0.05 1027 and HV 0.05 1066, respectively. The specimens underwent the main precipitate phase of Ni 3 P after heat treatment. Due to precipitation, strengthening of the Ni 3 P phase increased the surface hardness of specimens after heat treatment; thus, the wear depth was decreased and wear resistance was enhanced. The optimal process appeared in Ni-P deposition by pH5 and pH8 after 350°C and 300°C heat treatment and for 1 hr of soaking, respectively.
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    The Photovoltaic Performance of Doped-CuI Hole Conductors for Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The iodine doped copper (I) iodide (I 2 : CuI) at different weight of iodine dopant have been prepared to investigate its thin films properties and photovoltaic performance. A novel method of mist atomization technique has been used for the deposition of CuI materials. The structural and electrical properties of CuI thin films deposited on the glass substrates were studied. The thin films morphology examined by FESEM shows a variation of crystal size and structure. Brick-like structure with smooth faces and sharp edges were seen for the doped thin films. The CuI thin films at 30 mg of iodine doping shows the highest resistivity of 4.56 × 101 Ω cm which caused by the surface traps create by iodine doping. The photovoltaic performance of ss-DSSC on the effect of variation iodine doping was investigated. The ss-DSSC fabricated with undoped CuI materials shows the highest efficiency of 1.05% while the 40 mg I 2 content shows the lowest conversion efficiency of 0.4...
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    Comparative Study of Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Conventional and Low Heat Rejection (Mullite Coated) Diesel Engines (2013)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Tests were performed on a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, diesel engine whose piston crown, cylinder head and valves were coated with a 0.5 mm thickness of 3Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 (mullite) (Al 2 O 3 = 60%, SiO 2 = 40%) over a 150 μm thickness of NiCrAlY bond coat. The working conditions for the conventional engine (without coating) and LHR (mullite coated) engine were kept exactly same to ensure a comparison between the two configurations of the engine. This paper is intended to emphasis on performance and combustion characteristics of conventional and LHR (Mullite coated) diesel engines under identical conditions. Tests were carried out at same operational constraints i.e. air-fuel ratio and engine speed conditions for both conventional engine (without coating) and LHR (mullite coated) engines. The results showed that, there was as much as 1.8 % increasing on brake power for LHR (mullite coated) engine compared...
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    Optimal performance of single-column chromatography and simulated moving bed processes for the separation of optical isomers (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Chromatography has been established as the method of choice for the separation and purification of optically pure drugs which has a market size of about 250 billion USD. Single column chromatography (SCC) is commonly used in the development and testing phase of drug development while multi-column Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) chromatography is more suitable for large scale production due to its continuous nature. In this study, optimal performance of SCC and SMB processes for the separation of optical isomers under linear and overloaded separation conditions has been investigated. The performance indicators, namely productivity and desorbent requirement have been compared under geometric similarity for the separation of a mixture of guaifenesin, and Tröger's base enantiomers. SCC process has been analyzed under equilibrium assumption i.e., assuming infinite column efficiency, and zero dispersion, and its optimal performance parameters are compared with the optimal prediction of an ...
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    Nanozeolite Produced by Wet Milling at Different Milling Time (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Recently, there has been a considerable growing interest in utilizing nanozeolites due to their advantages over conventional micron sized materials. Zeolite particle may be reduced by mechanical treatment such as ball milling or grinding in order to get smaller particles. In this paper, effect of milling time on particle size and surface morphology of Zeolite were investigated by a few designed of experiments in aqueous environment. Zeta-sizer Nano series of particle sizer and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) have been used to characterize this nanozeolite. Results shown that, there were changes of particle size and also the surface morphology of Zeolite.
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    Synthesization of Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide at Low Molarity of Sol-Gel Process (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Titanium dioxide, TiO 2 is one of the semiconductor materials. The aim of this paper is to determine the production of TiO 2 by sol-gel method. The sol-gel method used because this method is quite simple compare to other methods such as dip-coated and refractive sputtering. The parameter will be used in this paper is the concentration. The sol-gel TiO 2 solution then spin coated on the glass substrate to form homogenous and transparent thin film. The thin film was coated at 8 layers to adjust the refractive index characteristics and to get the clear images during characterize by spin coating technique. Other than that, this work also to get the band gap energy similar to the standard bandgap for TiO 2 . The optical properties such as absorption and transmittance of TiO 2 can be done by Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The changes on the surface morphology were observed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field Emission ...
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    Application of Viral Systems for Single-Machine Total Weighted Tardiness Problem (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: In this paper, a relatively new algorithm inspired by the viral replication system called Viral Systems is used to solve the Single-Machine Total Weighted Tardiness (SMTWTP). SMTWTP is a job scheduling problem which is one of classical combinatorial problems known as np-hard problems. This algorithm makes the process of finding solutions through neighborhood and mutation mechanism. The experiment was conducted to evaluate its performance. There are seven parameters which are required to tune in to find best solution. The experiment was implemented on data sets of 40 jobs, 50 jobs, and 100 jobs. The results show that the algorithm can solve 235 optimally out of 275 problems.
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    Effect of Reflow Profile on Intermetallic Compound Formation (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: Reflow soldering in a nitrogen atmosphere is a common process consideration in surface mount technology assembly. This is because the use of nitrogen in reflow equipment may benefit the process as well as the quality of the end product, where it can increase the reliability of the solder joint. So far, many papers have reported effects of cooling speed, type of solder pastes and solder fluxes on the reliability of lead-free solder joints. While the effects of reflow conditions on intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the solder joint such as the atmosphere during the reflow process are still unclear. The present study investigated thoroughly the effect of different reflow soldering atmosphere, which is air and nitrogen on IMC formation and growth. Several techniques of materials characterization including optical, image analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis will be used to characterise the intermetallics in terms of composition, thicknes...
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    Development of process technologies for improvement of electroless nickel coatings properties (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: This paper describes research and technology developments that enable to improve nickel electroless coating properties. This work deals with: (a) different methods in order to achieve Ni-P-Mo coatings. (b) Other development is related with coatings with addition of hard particles such as SiC, WC or Al 2 O 3 ,(c) Electroless nickel deposits on PBT and austempered ductile iron (ADI). (d) In addition, nickel coatings were deposited on powder metallic pieces and finally, electroless nickel coatings, in conjunction with layers from thermal spray process were formed. Characterization of all coatings by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-hardness, wear and corrosion tests were carried out. Results indicate positive increment in both mechanical and electrochemical properties which enhance field applications in Mexican industry.
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    Understanding the thermal annealing process on metallic thin films (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Thermal annealing is an usual process used for intrinsic stress liberation, structural improving, and surface roughness control in materials. In a qualitative way, annealing modifies the surface morphology of materials with temperature and time. In this work, a methodology to explain the surface modification of thin films when they are submitted to an annealing process is discussed. Two thermally evaporated Au films with 200 nm-thicknesses were post-annealed in a vacuum chamber at 100 °C with an argon atmosphere, and annealing times from 0 to 1000 minutes. Each Au film grown at different rate deposition was cyclical annealed and imaged under different annealing times. Data obtained from high quality AFM images after different annealing times of Au samples were used to calculate surface parameters such as roughness, grain size, and slope at the border, also the respective exponents as a function of the annealing time. The experimental results allow understanding the temporal evol...
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    Recovery evaluation of organophosphorus pesticides from bee pollen by matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction using sorbents based on silica and titania (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: This work focused on the evaluation of the recovery of organophosphorus pesticides from bee pollen after matrix solid phase-dispersion extraction (MSPD). Materials based on silica, titania and titania modified with polivylnylimidazole or polyestirene were used as adsorbents for the extraction of pesticides. Small amounts of fortified pollen (0.1 g, at 1 micro-g/g of pesticides), adsorbent (0.4 g) and solvent elution (1 mL de acetonitrile – ACN) were used in the extractions. For recovery evaluation, pollen extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
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    Acoustic transmittance of an aperiodic deterministic multilayer structure (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: We study theoretically the acoustic transmission for a multilayer structure where the characteristic acoustic impedance follows the values generated by the self-similar sequence called the "1s counting sequence". The transmission spectrum shows clearly self-similarity characteristics.
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    Effect of annealing on structural properties of SiO x films obtained by HWCVD technique (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: SiO x films were deposited in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique. Annealing treatment for as-deposited samples was performed in nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere at 1100 °C. The effect of annealing atmosphere on the structural properties of the deposited films was investigated by means of micro Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. Micro-Raman studies revealed an increase in the crystalline volume fraction (X c ) in the deposited films after annealing. XRD patterns of the annealed films showed the formation of silicon crystals. HRTEM images confirmed the presence of silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) in both as-deposited and annealed films. Furthermore, the annealing treatment on the as-deposited samples at 900 and 1000 °C resulted in the observation a large number of Si-ncs with sizes between 3–15 nm. PL measurement shows a bro...
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    Third Congress on Materials Science and Engineering (CNCIM-Mexico 2012) (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: The Third Congress on Material Science and Engineering (CNCIM-México 2012), which took place in Mérida, México, from 27 February to 2 March 2012 was organized by three research groups (cuerpos académicos) from the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán: Ingeniería Física (UADY-CA-27), Modelado y Simulación Computacional de Sistemas Físicos (UADY-CA-101) and Química Fundamental y Aplicada (UADY-CA-32), in collaboration with the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-Mérida). The First Congress in Material Science and Engineering (CNCIM-2010), was organized in Puebla, México in February 2010. This was followed by CNCIM-2011 held in Toluca, México in February 2011. The CNCIM-México 2012 Conference consisted of plenary talks (8), invited talks (10), oral contributions (54) and poster presentations (70). The topics of the Conference were: * Synthesis and Preparation of Materials: Organic and Inorganic * Characterization of Ma...
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    Dinuclear transition metal complexes in carbon nanostructured materials synthesis (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) were prepared with two similar techniques using organometallic complexes as catalysts precursors. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and pyrolysis with chlorine gas approaches were employed in order to explore the effect of dinuclear transition metal compounds [Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ-S 2 C 6 H 2 X 2 ), (X=OH, Cl)] in synthesis of CNMs. Our to-date results have shown these complexes generate different carbonaceous materials when they are used in bulk, it was also observed that their performances in synthesis differ even though these compounds are analogous. With X=OH complex used in CVD process, metal nanoparticles of ca. 20–50 nm in size and embedded in carbon matrix were obtained. X=C1 complex has been used in pyrolysis experiments and showed an entire volatilisation or no reaction, depending on selected temperature. Furthermore, obtaining of a new tetranuclear iron cluster is presented in this work.
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    Study Anisotropy of a ductile iron class 80-60-03 hardening (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: This paper studies the effect of anisotropy in the propagation of surface cracks to identify areas of potential failure, and thus implement methods that increase the resistance of the phases created in the surface hardened cast iron ductile boride by the process. On the other hand assesses the influence of residual stresses using the fracture toughness microindentación by Palmqvist cracks regime taking the perpendicular and parallel cracks generated in the hard surface, with samples of 6 h and 8 h, 900 °C treatment of boriding, with loads of 1.9 and 2.9 N. Where the value of at (k c ) ##IMG## [mse13_45_012010.article_eqn001.gif] 〉 (k c ) 〉 (k c ) (θ) a constant distance of 30 microns. Also the phases present were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (EDS), finally adherence is determined by the indentation technique HRC.
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    Effect of the Loofah-fibers on the mechanical properties of Polymer Concrete (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Polymer Concrete was reinforced with Loofah fibers in order to improve the compressive and flexural strength. Polymer concrete specimens were prepared with 70% of silicious sand, 30% of polyester resin and various fiber concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 vol%). The results show decrease in the values of mechanical properties including flexural strength, compressive strength and compression modulus of elasticity.
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    Theoretical study of the Diels-Alder reaction between o -benzoquinone and norbornadiene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: The reaction between norbornadiene and o -benzoquinone is an important step in polyalicyclic rigid structures synthesis. It has been considered that this reaction is an example of Diels-Alder (DA) and hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) cycloadditions with o -benzoquinone acting as diene (forming C-C bonds) and heterodiene (forming O-C bonds). We have performed a Density Functional Theory study of this reaction, employing B3LYP, mPW1PW91, and B1B95 functionals and 6-31G(d,p) and 6-31+G(d,p) Gaussian type basis sets. The results indicate that Diels-Alder is a feasible mechanism for both reactions, but should not be the main route to the formation of products with C-C bonds.
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    Nanograin formation in milled MoO 3 powders (2013)
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    Description: Powder of Molybdenum trioxide was milled for different times in horizontal ball mills. Such powder was characterized by TEM and XRD. Powder was rapidly de-agglomerated and fragmented up to attain nanoplates of two types, amorphous and crystalline. Finally, cold-welding of nanoplates occurred permitting some relaxation process to obtain a more stable energized structure consisting of equiaxial crystalline nanograins after 16 hours of milling.
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    Evaluation of dyes adsorption properties of TiO 2 -alginate biohybrid material (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: In this study a TiO 2 -alginate biohybrid material was obtained by the sol gel method and its adsorption properties were compared to those of its precursors using eosin B (anionic) as model dye. The results showed that the TiO 2 and biohybrid have a greater affinity for eosine B than alginate. The maximum adsorption capacity for the eosin B was obtained at pH = 10. Kinetic studies showed that the biohybrid has greater rate and adsorption capacity than its precursors. Kinetic data were fitted to a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The experimental isotherms were fitted to the Langmuir model.
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    Influence of nitrogen in TiAlNO coatings fabricated by co-sputtering (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: TiAlNO coatings were obtained on corning glass by means of the co-sputtering technique. Two series were fabricated. In the first one the argon flux was maintained at 12 sccm, while the nitrogen flux was varied in 3, 6 and 9 sccm; in the second one the argon flux was 15 sccm and the nitrogen flux was varied in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 sccm, which produced a working pressure variation. For co-sputtering in the first series, three targets were occupied: titanium, alumina and aluminium; meanwhile in the second series, two targets were used: titanium monoxide and aluminium plus an amount of titanium, specifically, 3.5 gr in the aluminium target, occupying 40% of the total effective area of the target. Structural, mechanical and electrical properties were obtained through X-ray diffraction, the Vickers microhardness test and resistivity probes, respectively. For first series, X-ray diffraction detected titanium nitride (TiN) in the crystalline phase; for the second series, aluminium nitride a...
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    Thermal behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine) networks (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks were prepared by using acid-catalyzed sol-gel of bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine (BisSi) and free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The thermal properties of the poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal behavior of these networks was also compared with homopolymers (The networks formed in both PHEMA and PBisSi gels were identified). The glass transition temperature (T g ) of PHEMA homopolymer was found as 103.74 °C. The thermal degradation of the poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks with different silica contents (e.g. 10, 15 and 25 wt%) were evaluated with use of DTG. It was observed that the thermal degradation temperature of poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks changed much with the BisSi content.
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    Effect of the pos-deposition annealing with CdCl 2 on the optical, structural and morphological properties of CdTe-films grown by CSS (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: A set of CdTe films grown by the CSS method were annealed in aCdCl 2 atmosphere of during 5 min at 345, 365, 385, 405, 425, 435, 445 and 455 °C. The films were characterized before and after annealing by the SEM, EDS, X-ray, optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. As the annealing temperature is increased a tendency to improve the Cd/Te ratio is observed. After the thermal treatment at 430 ° C the films reach the stoichiometry. A deviation from stoichiometry appears again for annealing temperatures higher than 430 °C. The PL spectra of the films at 6.5 K exhibit two emission bands, one corresponds to the defects energy levels band (1.4–1.5 eV) and the other is located in the interval from 1.564 to 1.584 eV (pA). For annealing temperatures higher than 430 ° C an increment in the intensity and energy position of pA is observed, while for annealing temperatures less than 430 ° C the behavior is irregular. In the emission mechanisms of p...
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    Thermoelectric properties and oxidation behaviour of Magnesium Silicide (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: We study the oxidation behaviour of Mg 2 Si and the thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Si composites. Above 723 K, Mg 2 Si reacts with O 2 in air to yield MgO and Si. Using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation, the Avrami exponent ( n ) is equal to ~0.5, and it depends on the reaction temperature and time; this indicates that the oxidation is controlled by the diffusion-controlled reaction. In order to improve the oxidation-resistance of Mg 2 Si, β-FeSi 2 films were fabricated on sintered Mg 2 Si samples by RF magnetron-sputtering deposition at RT followed by post-annealing at 873 K in vacuum. The β-FeSi 2 layer effectively prevented the diffusion of oxygen at 873 K and improved the oxidation resistance of Mg 2 Si. The thermoelectric properties of impurity-doped Mg 2 Si composites fabricated using the reduction method of metal oxide / carbonate / hydroxide additives (Al 2 ...
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    Preparation and characterization of planetary ball milled Si-based clathrates and their spark plasma sintered materials (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Ba 8 Ga 16 Si 30 clathrate particles ranging in size from several tens nanometers to submicron have been prepared by a planetary ball milling technique, and their sintered materials with microstructures have been prepared by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Relatively low temperature, short time and high pressure conditions of SPS are needed for the densification without the decomposition and/or the oxidation of clathrate phase. In comparison with Ba 8 Ga 16 Si 30 prepared by SPS of micro powders, Ba 8 Ga 16 Si 30 prepared by SPS of pulverized powders shows relatively large Seebeck coefficient about −100 μV/K at middle temperature range, low thermal diffusivity as low as 0.6 mm 2 /s (RT) and extremely low electrical conductivity of the orders of 0.1 − 1 S/cm (RT), due probably to the increased scattering at the interfaces and pores in the microstructures.
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    Thermoelectric properties of p-type perovskite compounds LaCoO 3 systems containing the A-site vacancy (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Thermoelectric properties of Sr-doped LaCoO 3 system which includes both La 1−x Sr x CoO 3 and La 0.95−x Sr x ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/square.gif] {square} 0.05 CoO 3 containing the A-site vacancy were prepared by solid state reaction. The crystal phases of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction method. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were investigated, focusing the effect of A-site vacancy. Doping of Sr to LaCoO 3 improved the electrical conductivity but decreased the seebeck coefficient and increased the thermal conductivity. A-site vacancy of La 0.95−x Sr x ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/square.gif] {square} 0.05 CoO 3 system, in c...
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    Origin of large thermoelectric power in off-stoichiometric Fe 2 VAl-based alloys (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: The valence-band and core-level soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the origin of the large thermoelectric power in the off-stoichiometric and partially-substituted Fe-based Heusler-type alloys Fe 2− x − y Ir y V 1+ x Al and Fe 2− x V 1+ x − y Ti y Al. The non-rigid-band-like change in the valence-band electronic structure near the Fermi level E F is found for the off-stoichiometric change x in Fe and V concentrations, whereas the rigid-bandlike shift of E F is recognized on the Ir or Ti substitution y . The non-rigid-band-like change may be induced by the excess-V or Fe (anti-site defects)-derived states in the pseudogap of Fe 2 VAl, while the rigid-band-like shift may be caused by a common band formation, where the d states of the substituted elements are incorporated into the main...
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    Oxide-ion conduction and dielectric relaxations for fluorite type structure (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: The oxide-ion conduction and dielectric properties of 10 mol% CaO stabilized ZrO 2 (10CSZ) and 25 mol% Y 2 O 3 stabilized Bi 2 O 3 (25YSB) which are oxide ion conductors having a fluorite-type structure were investigated. The numerical analyses for the frequency dependences of dielectric constants ( ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/epsilon.gif] {epsilon} r ') and dielectric loss factors ( ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/epsilon.gif] {epsilon} r '') revealed that the dielectric properties were explained by Debye-type polarization due to dopant-vacancy associates and/or electrolyte-electrode interfacial polarization due to charging or loss current. No Debye-type polarization was observed in 25YSB because of no effective charge at the Y 3+...
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    Proton Conduction in New Brownmillerite Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 systems (B'=Nb, Ta, W) (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 systems with B'=Nb, Ta and W which were synthesized by solid state reaction, showed cubic, hexagonal perovskite-type structure and cubic double-perovskite-type structure, respectively. The adsorption of a large amount of H 2 O in Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 suggests the generation of proton conduction. The electrical conductivity increased remarkably in humid Ar atmosphere, confirming that the proton conduction generated. Especially, Ba 2 (Zn, Nb) 2 O 5 exhibited the electrical conductivity of 8.7 × 10 −3 (S/cm) at 673 K in humid Ar atmosphere. Therefore, the new proton conductor can be expected as the electrolyte materials for SOFCs working at lower temperature.
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    Performance Evaluation of Anode-supported Planar SOFC with Precisely-simulated Reformate Gases (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: Performance of a novel simulated-reformate generator was evaluated for testing SOFC cell/stacks performance with ease, no handling of pure carbon monoxide, flexibility for various steam-reforming conditions. Gas composition of synthesized simulated reformate gases with the generator agreed by ± 0.5 mol.% to equilibrium ones for each reforming condition (S/C= 2-3.5, representative fuels such as methane and biodiesel). Furthermore, an anode-supported planar cell was tested with the generator. As long as fuels including biodiesel are reformed in a reformer to equilibrium and SOFC has internal reforming capability, cell performance and DC electrical efficiency would be almost the same at a common S/C despite fuel species. For kerosene reformates, change in S/C (2.0-4.0) affected cell voltages at 80% fuel utilization by ± 10 mV, or approximately ± 1.2%. The gas conversion impedance for the kerosene reformates coincided with calculated values (e.g. 0.25 ± 0.01 Ω cm −2 ). Ther...
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    Relationship between oxide-ion conductivity and ordering of oxygen vacancy in the Ln 2 Zr 2 O 7 ( Ln = La, Nd, Eu) system having a pyrochlore composition (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: The crystal structures of the Ln 2 Zr 2 O 7 ( Ln = La, Nd, Eu) systems having a pyrochlore-type composition were refined by the Rietveld analyses of the XRD data combined with MEM-based pattern fitting. All the samples showed a single phase of the pyrochlore-type structure. The oxide-ion conductivities of the present samples were discussed on the basis of the ordering of oxygen vacancy in the pyrochlore-type structure. The Rietveld analyses of XRD data showed that the degree of the oxygen 8b site occupancy at R.T. was estimated to be 0.0, 0.27 and 0.48 for La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 and Eu 2 Zr 2 O 7 , respectively. The increase in the 8b site occupancy means the increase of incompleteness of the pyrochlore-type structure. The oxide-ion conductivity increased with increase in the 8b site occupancy which can be recognized to be a measure of the incomplet...
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    Performance Analysis and Development Strategies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are of great interest for a diverse range of applications. Within the past 10 years, an increase in power density by one order of magnitude, a lowering of the operating temperature by 200 K, and degradation rates lowered by a factor of 10 have been achieved on the cell and stack level. However, there is still room for further enhancement of the overall performance by suitably tailoring the cell components on a micro- and nanostructural level. The efficiency of the electrochemically active single cell is characterized by the linear ohmic losses within the electrolyte and by nonlinear polarization losses at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Both depend on material composition and operation conditions (temperature and time, fuel utilisation and gas composition). The area-specific resistance (ASR) is considered as the figure of merit for overall performance. ASR values of anode supported cells (ASC) were determined by means of impedance spectroscopy...
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    Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell Using Gypsum Based Electrolyte And Electrodes (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: The proton conductive electrolyte membrane and the electrodes for intermediate temperature fuel cell were made from the phosphoric acid treated gypsum as a proton conductor. The membrane and the electrodes were built into single cell and tested at intermediate temperature region. The power density of the fuel cell was 0.56 mW/cm −2 at 150 °C without any humidification and 1.38 mW/cm −2 at 150 °C, 5% relative humidity. The open circuit voltage of the cell was increased higher than 0.7 V when the electrodes were annealed at 150 °C, 5%R.H., however the reasons for this are still to be further investigated. The results show that the potential of the phosphoric acid treated gypsum for the intermediate temperature proton conductor.
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    Crystallization processes of amorphous Si by thermal annealing and pulsed laser processing (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Amorphous Si thin films deposited on oxidized crystalline Si surface (111) were crystallized by thermal annealing and nanosecond green laser pulses. The Raman scattering spectra show that thermal annealing can provide nearly fully crystallized poly-Si film. Laser crystallization of amorphous Si is more flexible crystallization method, but it is more difficult to reach high levels of crystallinity. Depth studies of laser treated samples reveal a thin amorphous-like interlayer between substrate surface and crystallized Si film.
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    Evaluation of retro-reflective coating performance by reflectance and perceived relative brightness measurements (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Retro-reflective properties of six types and five different colors or retro-reflective materials were discussed in this paper. Reflectance optical indicatrix of samples was determined and compared to obtained psychophyisical data of perceived brightness of human observer. Microscopic structure of the retro-reflective active regions of RR's was studied. Statistically significant differences in reflectivity and brightness of various types and colors of RR's were found.
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    Catalyst activation of silica nano-based pore structure material for hydrogen storage (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Silica based composite material with palladium synthesized by extractive-pyrolytic method is used for hydrogen absorption-desorption experiments. The results obtained of the study on dynamic sorption experiments showed that Pyrex glass based composite sample reaches high hydrogen concentration in the material quite fast. Thought silica gel based composite material rapidly reaches ½ of hydrogen load but afterwards the amount of hydrogenation increases slowly. The overall amount of absorbed hydrogen for Pyrex glass based material exceeds the amount of absorbed hydrogen by silica gel based material approximately 5.6 times.
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    Band gap tuning and improved optical properties of ZrO 2 -SnO 2 nanocomposite thin films prepared by sol-gel route (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Transparent nanocomposite ZrO 2 -SnO 2 thin films (0.1/0.9 (ZS19), 0.5/0.5 (ZS55) and 0.9/0.1 (ZS91) of ZrO 2 /SnO 2 were prepared by sol-gel dip-coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ZS55 shows a mixture of three phases: tetragonal ZrO 2 and SnO 2 with the crystal sizes of 11 nm and 8 nm, respectively and orthorhombic ZrSnO4 with the crystal size of 14 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that microstructure of ZS55 consists of isolated SnO 2 particles dispersed in ZrO 2 matrix. An average transmittance greater than 85% (in UV–visible region) is observed in ZS55 thin film. The band gap of the nanocomposite thin film decreases from 5.33 to 4.24eV with increase in Sn concentration which can be directly employed in extending the range of tunability of the band gap. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal an intense emission peak at 426nm in ZS55 sample which indicate the...
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    Threshold character of temperatures on deuterium desorption from the Mg-Zr composite (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: The plasma evaporation-sputtering method was used to manufacture composite materials of the Mg-Zr system. The ion-implanted deuterium desorption temperature variations depending on the component concentrations were studied. It has been established that the introduction of a Zr impurity to magnesium leads to the significant decrease of the deuterium desorption temperature (~400K) as compared to the release from Mg samples. A step-like form of the curve of the deuterium desorption temperature testifies to presence of two various structural conditions at composite Mg-Zr depending on the relation of components. The hydrogen desorption data obtained using Mg-Zr composites can be used for the further invrstigations into the hydrogen storage materials containing chemical elements with a low solubility in the alloy components.
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    Symmetry and structure of SrTiO 3 nanotubes (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: The full study of perovskite type nanotubes with square morphology is given for the first time. The line symmetry group L = ZP (a product of one axial point group P and one infinite cyclic group Z of generalized translations) of single-walled (SW) and double-walled (DW) SrTiO 3 nanotubes (NT) is considered. The nanotube is defined by the square lattice translation vector L = l 1 a + l 2 b and chiral vector R = n 1 a + n 2 b, ( l 1 , l 2 , n 1 and n 2 are integers). The nanotube of the chirality ( n 1 , n 2 ) is obtained by folding the (001) slabs of two- layers (with the layer group P4 mm ) and of three layers (with the layer group P4/ mmm ) in a way that the chiral vector R becomes circumference of the nanotube. Due to the...
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    Synthesis and properties of red luminescent 2-(3-(4-(bis(2-(trityloxy)ethyl)amino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile for organic light-emitting diodes (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: In this work we present a simply obtainable compound 2-(3-(4-(bis(2-(trityloxy)ethyl)amino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile (IWK) capable of forming a thin solid amorphous film from volatile organic solvents (chloroform and dichloromethane). The synthesized glassy compound IWK absorption band is between 450 nm to 550 nm. It absorption maximums show small batochromic shift going from less polar to polar solvents. Compound IWK is also characterized with intensive photoluminescence, which maximum is dependant on solvent and is between 600 nm to 675 nm. The electron system of molecules were investigated with semi-empirical method ZINDO/S and show, that IWK type molecule chromophore fragment geometrical, electronic, and optical properties are not influenced by N-alkyl substituents.
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    Fabrication of ultra thin anodic aluminium oxide membranes by low anodization voltages (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Formation of ultrathin anodised aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with high aspect ratio by Al anodization in sulphuric and oxalic acids at low potentials was investigated. Low anodization potentials ensure slow electrochemical reaction speeds and formation of AAO membranes with pore diameter and thickness below 20 nm and 70 nm respectively. Minimum time necessary for formation of continuous AAO membranes was determined. AAO membrane pore surface was covered with polymer Paraloid B72 TM to transport it to the selected substrate. The fabricated ultra thin AAO membranes could be used to fabricate nanodot arrays on different surfaces.
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    Generalized wet-chemical processing of phosphor monospheres and the effects of composition on photoluminescence (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Basic carbonate monospheres of various lanthanide combinations are successfully synthesized by the urea-based homogeneous precipitation technique, which are then converted into well dispersed phosphor particles that emit diverse colours. Sequential precipitation is commonly observed for these mixed cation systems, calling for adequate annealing of the basic carbonate precursors to attain cation homogenization in the final oxide particles and thus better luminescence, through eliminating localized concentration quenching of luminescence. It is shown that, owing to their excellent dispersion and uniform size, the phosphor spheres are readily assembled into close-packed luminescent films, allowing their wide applications in white LEDs, plasma display panels (PDPs), and field emission displays (FEDs).
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    Development of High Density MoO 3 Pellets for Production of 99 Mo Medical Isotope (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: 99m Tc is the most widely used radioisotope in diagnostic radiopharmanceuticals. However, the supply of 99 Mo, the parent nuclide of 99m Tc, in Japan depends entirely on the import from foreign countries. Thus, it is necessary to supply 99 Mo stably by the domestic production, because of the unplanned shutdown and aged state of the foreign countries' reactors for 99 Mo production. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has a plan to produce 99 Mo. It is necessary that increasing of target volume for supplying 99 Mo stably. Pellets as irradiation target was studied. It is difficult to produce the pellets with high density, because MoO 3 sublimes at low temperature. In this study, MoO 3 pellets were produced by two kinds of production methods and characterization of these pellets were carried out. MoO 3 pellets were produced by the cold pressing sintering (CIP) method at first. Next, MoO...
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    Microstructure of SiC-Si-Al 2 O 3 composites derived from silicone resin - metal aluminum filler compounds by low temperature reduction process (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Concentrated slurry of a silicone resin with low carbon content, 3 μm aluminum particles and ethanol were prepared. After casting, addition of cross-linking agent and drying, silicone resin-aluminum composite with thick sheet form was obtained. The prepared sheet was heat-treated at 933 or 1073K with various holding times to characterize formed phases during the heat treatments. XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra revealed free Si formation and existence of Si-O-Si bond at 933K. The Si-O-Si bond, however, disappeared and silicon carbide was formed at 1073K. SEM observation indicated formation of cracks bridged with a number of tiny struts at 933K and conversion to wholly porous structure at 1073K.
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    Syntheses and Electrical Properties of Hexagonal Phase Group VI Metal Silicide Powders, Sintered Compacts and Bulk Crystals (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: MoSi 2 and WSi 2 layers were grown on Mo and W substrates using the molten salt method. In addition, the Mo- and W-silicide compacts with the addition of Ti were also synthesized using Mo and W powders as the source materials, respectively, then the structural and electrical properties of the silicides were investigated. It was found that Si atoms penetrate into the compacts during the molten salt process. Moreover, nano-sized h-MoSi 2 and h-WSi 2 with the addition of Ti were formed in the compacts. The electrical conductivity of the compact comprised of Mo(Ti)Si 2 showed almost no temperature dependence. On the other hand, for the compact comprised of W(Ti)Si 2 , the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity showed a semiconducting property with an activation energy of about 0.18 eV.
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    Preparation and Characterization of Anode-Supported YSZ Thin Film Electrolyte by Co-Tape Casting and Co-Sintering Process (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: In this study, a co-tape casting and co-sintering process has been developed to prepare yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte films supported on Ni-YSZ anode substrates in order to substantially reduce the fabrication cost of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Through proper control of the process, the anode/electrolyte bilayer structures with a size of 7.8cm × 7.8cm were achieved with good flatness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation indicated that the YSZ electrolyte film was about 16 μm in thickness, highly dense, crack free and well-bonded to the anode support. The electrochemical properties of the prepared anode-supported electrolyte film was evaluated in a button cell mode incorporating a (LaSr)MnO 3 -YSZ composite cathode. With humidified hydrogen as the fuel and stationary air as the oxidant, the cell demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 1.081 V and a maximum power density of 1.01 W/cm 2 at 800°C. The obtained results represent the im...
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    Improvement of LSM performance under co-sintering at high temperature via CeO 2 addition (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: This work proposes the use of CeO 2 as additive for La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 cathodes (LSM) in order to increase both their thermal stability and electrochemical properties after co-sintering with YSZ-electrolyte at 1350°C. Results show that non CeO 2 -added LSM is instable at 1350°C, whereas in CeO 2 -added LSM cathodes the instability is drastically reduced. Besides, results show a correlation between CeO 2 addition into LSM and the maximum power density obtained in an YSZ-electrolyte supported single cell (300 μm thickness) with anode and cathode co-sintered at 1350°C. Single cells with non CeO 2 -added LSM cathodes produce only 7 mW/cm 2 at 800°C whereas in CeO 2 -added (12 mol%) LSM the power density rises up to 117 mW/cm 2 . Results suggest that CeO 2 could enhance the power density by at least two ways: CeO 2 doping into LSM structure and by the modificati...
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    Catalytic reforming of methane to syngas in an oxygen-permeative membrane reactor (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: For fuel cell applications, partial oxidative reforming of methane to syngas, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, was performed via a dense oxygen-permeative ceramic membrane composed by both ionic and electronic conductive materials. The modification of Ni-based catalyst by noble metals was investigated to increase oxygen permeation flux and decrease carbon deposition during reforming reaction. The role of each component in catalyst was also discussed.
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    Electrochemical Properties of Cathode Composite Prepared using Carbon Wool Conducting Additives (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: New carbon particles, carbon wool, were utilized as conducting additives for the cathode composite, and the electrochemical properties of the cathode composite were examined. The carbon wool particles exhibit good conductivity (~10 0 S m −1 ), because they have large fraction (approximately 80%) of sp 2 graphite-like component and three-dimensional network structure. Partial replacement of acetylene black with carbon wool has no affect on the low current rate performance but a negative influence on high current rate performance. However, a small addition of carbon wool to the appropriate amount of acetylene black leads to the improvement of high rate capability without a significant reduction of the cathode density. Therefore, it may give us a possibility to obtain the cathode having both high density and high power capability.
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    Proton Conduction in New Brownmillerite Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 systems (B'=Nb, Ta, W) (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-23
    Description: Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 systems with B'=Nb, Ta and W which were synthesized by solid state reaction, showed cubic, hexagonal perovskite-type structure and cubic double-perovskite-type structure, respectively. The adsorption of a large amount of H 2 O in Ba 2 (Zn, B') 2 O 5 suggests the generation of proton conduction. The electrical conductivity increased remarkably in humid Ar atmosphere, confirming that the proton conduction generated. Especially, Ba 2 (Zn, Nb) 2 O 5 exhibited the electrical conductivity of 8.7 × 10 −3 (S/cm) at 673 K in humid Ar atmosphere. Therefore, the new proton conductor can be expected as the electrolyte materials for SOFCs working at lower temperature.
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