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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism  (10)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques  (10)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution  (8)
  • Elsevier  (28)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2010-2014  (28)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1950-1954
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014  (28)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1950-1954
  • 2005-2009  (61)
Year
  • 1
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    A major change in the sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin (Southern Italy) around 3.7-3.6 Ma (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: The Lower Pliocene succession of the Crotone Basin (Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy) is mainly comprised of blue-grey marly clay with good magnetic properties. Here the bio-magnetostratigraphic data indicate a mean sedimentation rate of about 12–15 cm/kyr. Around 3.7–3.6 Ma a major change in the sedimentation regime occurred: the blue-grey hemipelagic marls grade rapidly into silty marls with a significant increase in the terrigenous fraction and with abundant siliceous remains throughout the whole interval. Magnetic properties of these sediments are very poor, but an integrated calcareous plankton biostratigraphy (foraminifera and nannofossils) infers a high average sedimentation rate (about 50–60 cm/kyr). The abrupt onset of this sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin is contemporaneous with a major unconformity already recognized in the northern sector of the basin, part of amajor reorganization phase in the whole Apenninic–Maghrebid Chain known as “Globorotalia puncticulata event”. Reports of coeval siliceous sediments in other marginal basins of the Apennines (Southern Calabria, Southern and Northern Apennines) suggest that this “siliceous event” might have been regionally extensive, having important palaeoceanographical implications.We infer that the “siliceous event” is characterized by a combined tectonic- and climate-induced change in palaeoceanographic conditions. The tectonic triggering factors may have been linked to two synchronous events in the Tyrrhenian–Apennine system: 1) the shortening event also known as “G. puncticulata event”, and 2) the coeval opening of the Vavilov Basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea which yielded profound influences in terms of physiography and characteristics of the Crotone Basin. The consequent uplift of the Southern Apennines would have increased sediment supply and availability of silica, resulting in eutrophication and enhanced silica preservation. Strong winter mixing and possibly upwelling conditions could have increased primary productivity during heavy isotope stages Gi4, Gi2 and MG8, at the onset of the “siliceous event”. This important event, lasting from ca. 3.6 Ma to ca. 3.2 Ma, would have recorded a peculiar transitional period before further climatic deterioration and more drastic palaeoceanographic changes occurred around 3.1 Ma, leading to cyclic sapropel deposition in the whole of the Mediterranean sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 398-410
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Biostratigraphy ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Pliocene ; Calabrian Arc ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Chronology of the Lower-Middle Pleistocene succession of the south-western part of the Crotone Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy) (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Biostratigraphy based on calcareous nannofossils, integrated by magnetostratigraphic, geochronological and isotopic data, allowed establishing a precise chronological framework for the Pleistocene succession within the south-western sector of the Crotone Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy), where the Pliocenee Pleistocene global stratotype section and point is defined, thus demonstrating that sedimentation was quasi-continuous during most of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. At a large scale, the Pleistocene succession in this sector of the Crotone Basin is characterized by an evident shallowing-upwards trend, showing facies changes from bathyal to shelfal to littoral/continental. However, comparison between adjacent sectors within the investigated area demonstrates that stratigraphic architectures change vastly on very short distances. Our chronological constraints indicate that such changes in sedimentation styles probably occurred in response to differential subsidence rates, which originated tectonically-controlled synsedimentary structures where accommodation space and sediment yield were allotted unevenly. This articulated physiography led to striking differences in the overall thicknesses and organization of Pleistocene stratigraphies and, eventually, to a distinct diachroneity in the first appearance of shallow-marine deposits. In addition, superimposed are complex interplays between regional and local tectonics, eustasy and orbitally-forced climate changes. These interactions have been highlighted by the oxygen isotope stratigraphy established for a part of the studied succession, which is likely to document almost continuously the interval from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 26 to MIS 17. In its younger part (post-MIS 17), chronological ties are poor, as the succession is dominated by shallow-water to continental deposits showing a prominent organization into cyclothems. Nevertheless, based on the chronology of the underlying units, it is feasible that basin infill ended during MIS 15-MIS 14 times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1185-1200
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Pleistocene ; Chronostratigraphy ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Strain accumulation across the Messina Straits and kinematics of Sicily and Calabria from GPS data and dislocation modeling (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: We use Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities and dislocation modeling to investigate the rate and nature of interseismic strain accumulation in the area affected by the 1908 Mw 7.1 Messina earthquake (southern Italy) within the framework of the complex central Mediterranean microplate kinematics. Our data confirm a change in the velocity trends between Sicily and Calabria, moving from NNW-ward to NE- ward with respect to Eurasia, and detail a fan-like pattern across the Messina Straits where maximum extensional strain rates are ~65 nanostrains/yr. Extension normal to the coast of northern Sicily is consistent with the presence of SW–NE trending normal faults. Half-space dislocation models of the GPS velocities are used to infer the slip-rates and geometric fault parameters of the fault zone that ruptured in the Messina − 1.3 earthquake. The inversion, and the bootstrap analysis of model uncertainties, finds optimal values of 3. 5 + 2.0 − 0.2− 0.7 and 1.6 + 0.3 mm/yr for the dip–slip and strike–slip components, respectively, along a 30 + 1.1° SE-ward dipping normal fault, locked above 7.6−2.9 km depth. By developing a regional elastic block model that + 4.6 accounts for both crustal block rotations and strain loading at block-bounding faults, and adopting two different competing models for the Ionian–Calabria convergence rates, we show that the measured velocity gradient across the Messina Straits may be significantly affected by the elastic strain contribution from other nearby faults. In particular, when considering the contribution of the possibly locked Calabrian subduction interface onto the observed velocity gradients in NE-Sicily and western Calabria, we find that this longer wavelength signal can be presently super-imposed on the observed velocity gradients in NE-Sicily and Calabria. The inferred slip-rate on the Messina Fault is significantly impacted by elastic strain from the subduction thrust. By varying the locking of the subduction thrust fault, in fact, the Messina Fault slip-rate varies from 0 to 9 mm/yr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-360
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Messina Straits ; Global Positioning System ; strain accumulation ; plate kinematics ; dislocation modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Astronomical tuning of the La Vedova High Cliff section (Ancona, Italy)—Implications of the Middle Miocene Climate Transition for Mediterranean sapropel formation (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Continuous marine successions covering the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT; ∼15–13.7 Ma) are scarce and the lack of a high-resolution magnetobiostratigraphic framework hampers the construction of astronomically tuned age models for this time interval. The La Vedova High Cliff section, exposed along the coast of the Cònero Riviera near Ancona (Italy), is one of the few Mediterranean sections covering the critical time interval of the MMCT. Starting from an initial magnetobiostratigraphic age model, a robust astronomical tuning was constructed for the interval between 14.2 and 13.5 Ma, using geochemical element data and time series analysis. A shift in δ18O of bulk sediment towards heavier values occurs between ∼13.92 and 13.78 Ma and could be related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope event, which reflects the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the middle Miocene. The onset of the CM6 carbon excursion is reflected in the bulk record by a rapid increase in δ13C at 13.86 Ma. Our results confirm the proposition that these events coincide with a 405-kyr minimum in eccentricity and a node in obliquity related to the ∼1.2 Myr cycle. From 13.8 Ma onwards, distinct quadruplet cycles containing sapropelitic sediments were deposited. This may suggest a causal connection between the main middle Miocene cooling step and the onset of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249–261
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Middle Miocene ; Mediterranean ; astronomical tuning ; paleomagnetism ; biostratigraphy ; environmental changes ; orbital forcing ; sapropels ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Crotone fore-arc basin: Insights on the recent tectonic evolution of the Calabrian Arc (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: Low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses were performed on 532 samples col-lected in 36 (mostly lower Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) marine clay sites from the Crotone basin, afore-arc basin located on top of the external Calabrian accretionary wedge. The Crotone basin formedsince mid-late Miocene under a predominant extensional tectonic regime, but it was influenced there-after by complex interactions with NW–SE left-lateral strike-faults bounding the basin, which also yieldedpost-1.2 Ma ~30◦counterclockwise block rotations. The basin is filled by continental to marine sedimentsyielding one of the thickest and best-exposed Neogene succession available worldwide. The deep-marinefacies – represented by blue-grey marly clays gave the best results, as they both preserved a clear mag-netic fabric, and provided accurate chronology based on previously published magnetostratigraphy andcalcareous plankton (i.e. foraminifers and nannofossils) biostratigraphy. Magnetic susceptibility rangeand rock magnetic analyses both indicate that AMS reflects paramagnetic clay matrix crystal arrange-ment. The fabric is predominantly oblate to triaxial, the anisotropy degree low (〈1.06), and the magneticfoliation mostly subparallel to bedding. Magnetic lineation is defined in 30 out of 36 sites (where thee12 angle is 〈35◦). By also considering local structural analysis data, we find that magnetic fabric wasgenerally acquired during the first tectonic phases occurring after sediment deposition, thus validatingits use as temporally dependent strain proxy. Although most of the magnetic lineations trend NW–SE andare orthogonal to normal faults (as observed elsewhere in Calabria), few NE–SW compressive lineationsshow that the Neogene extensional regime of the Crotone basin was punctuated by compressive episodes.Finally, compressive lineations (prolate magnetic fabric) documented along the strike-slip fault boundingthe basin to the south support the significance of Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics. Thus the Crotone basinshows a markedly different tectonics with respect to other internal and western basins of Calabria, asit yields a magnetic fabric still dominated by extensional tectonics but also revealing arc-normal short-ening episodes and recent strike-slip fault activity. The tectonics documented in the Crotone basin iscompatible with a continuous upper crustal structural reorganization occurring during the SE-migrationof the Calabria terrane above the Ionian subduction system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-79
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, Structural analysis, Fore-arc region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Nitrogen Isotopes in Volcanic Fluids of Different Geodynamic Settings (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Nitrogen isotopes , N2/36Ar and 3He/4He were measured in volcanic fluids within different geodynamic settings. Subduction zones are represented by Aeolian archipelago, Mexican volcanic belt and Hellenic arc, spreading zones – by Socorro island in Mexico and Iceland and hot spots by Iceland and Islands of Cabo Verde. The δ15N values, corrected for air contamination of volcanic fluids, discharged from Vulcano Island (Italy), highlighted the presence of heavy nitrogen (around +4.3 ±0.5‰). Similar 15N values (around +5‰), have been measured for the fluids collected in the Jalisco Block, that is a geologically and tectonically complex forearc zone of the northwestern Mexico [1]. Positive values (15N around +3‰) have been also measured in the volcanic fluids discharged from Nysiros island located in the Ellenic Arc characterized by subduction processes. All uncorrected data for the Socorro island are in the range of -1 to -2‰. The results of raw nitrogen isotope data of Iceland samples reveal more negative isotope composition (about -4.4‰). On the basis of the non-atmospheric N2 fraction (around 50%) the corrected data of 15N for Iceland are around -16‰, very close to the values proposed by [2]. In a volcanic gas sample from Fogo volcano (Cabo Verde islands) we found a very negative value: -9.9‰ and -15‰ for raw and corrected values, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos, Switzerland
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Nitrogen Isotopes ; Subduction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Analysis of the 9 September 1998 Mw 5.6 Mercure earthquake sequence (Southern Apennines, Italy): A multidisciplinary approach (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Mercure earthquake (Mw 5.6) of September 9, 1998 and the associated aftershocks occurred in a small Pleistocene–Holocene continental basin of the Southern Apennines, in a region of low instrumental and moderate historical seismicity. Seismological, photogeological and field survey data were analyzed and integrated in order to identify the likely seismogenic structure, to depict its 3-D geometry and kinematics and to provide further constraints to the seismogenic potential of the rupture processes in the study area. The mainshock occurred at the NW edge of the seismic sequence (40.03°N and 15.95°) at a depth of 10.5± 1.5 km. The aftershocks volume was determined from the relocation of about 200 events (1.1=Ml=3.9) registered by local networks from September 10 to October 12, 1998. The relocation procedure was based on choosing P and S waves for all the events and the definition of ten 9-layers velocity models appropriate for the different stations. The kinematics of the seismogenic deformation was defined through the computation of 36 well-constrained focal mechanisms. The seismological and geological stress tensors were determined through inversion of focal mechanisms and fault slip data. Both of them resulted in the tensional type, with ENE–WSW and NE–SW trending σ3 axis, respectively. The map and the section distribution of the aftershocks sequence depicts an average NW–SE striking and 60° SW-dipping seismogenic volume. Most of the events (80%) were located at depths between 3 and 8 km in the footwall of the Mercure basin (MBB) boundary fault but along the possible down-dip continuation of a previously unidentified, N120°E striking and WSW-dipping, Holocene normal fault alignment, which extends from Castello Seluci to Piana Perretti and Timpa della Manca (CPST fault). A small percentage of events (10%) were located at depths between 10 and 12 km where the CPST seismogenic fault may detach. The reconstructed rupture area (RA) of the Mercure 1998 earthquake has an along-strike length (L) of about 9 km and a down-dip width (W) of about 9 km, yielding a total area of approximately 81 km2 . On the other hand, the L and W dimension of the entire individual seismogenic structure identified as responsible for the earthquake, e.g. the CPST fault, are about 19 and 12 km, respectively, with a consequent RA of about 230 km2 . This may imply a maximum magnitude (Mw) equal to 6.3 which lead us to compare the Mercure area, in terms of seismogenic hazard, to the adjacent Pollino-Castrovillari area where strong paleoseismological events are documented.
    Description: Published
    Description: 210–225
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Southern Apennines ; Stress-distribution ; Earthquake location ; Seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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  • 8
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    Velocity and attenuation tomography of the Umbria Marche 1997 fault system: Evidence of a fluid-governed seismic sequence (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 1997 Umbria Marche is probably the best ever monitored normal faulting seismic sequence. Seismicity migration and multiple main shocks characterize the activation of a 40-km-long system of contiguous fault segments, as documented by seismological data. Many authors as indicative of fault weakening by fluids migration have interpreted this behaviour. In this study, we create a new catalogue of high quality P- and S-wave arrival times merging data recorded by permanent and temporary stations to improve the resolution of velocity and attenuation models and earthquake locations. We show that the relocated earthquakes and the joint interpretation of P- and S-wave velocity and attenuation models help in understanding the faulting processes, revealing new details of the geometry of the main faults and physical state of fluids within the crustal volume. We observe that large aftershocks occur on the top and within the Triassic evaporitic layer, a rock volume locally characterised by fluid over-pressured, as evidenced by high VP/VS and low QP/QS anomalies. Velocity and attenuation heterogeneities are evidence that the migration of fluid pressure along the fault system is the driving mechanism of the prolonged earthquake sequence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 73-84
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Velocity and Attenuation tomography ; Normal fault system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Analysis of small magnitude seismic sequences along the Northern Apennines (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyze the seismicity of a small sector of the Northern Apennines merging data from the Italian seismic bulletin with original data collected by temporary seismic networks. Our attention is focused on the region enclosed between the Apenninic watershed and the Adriatic Sea. This portion of belt is interested by the occurrence of diffuse crustal seismicity and small-to-moderate earthquakes. In this paper we study the five small sequences with mainshock having Mw 〈 4.7 that in the past 15 years hit the area. Our interest is addressed to better understand the relationship between these events and the regional seismotectonic setting in terms of seismicity distribution and stress field. Two regions with different behavior in the seismic release can be distinguished: (i) along the watershed where seismicity is clustered at shallow depths (〈 15 km) and where strong earthquakes occurred in the past, (ii) an eastern portion where the seismicity is distributed across all of the crustal volume, locally reaching depths down to 30 km. The focal mechanism of the seismic sequences shows mainly normal fault kinematics coherent with the regional stress field. Detailed stress field analysis suggests a rotation of the principal stress axis moving from the axial part of the chain toward the Adriatic Sea to the east.
    Description: Published
    Description: 136-144
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Northern Apennines ; Stress field ; Focal mechanisms ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Paleomagnetic investigations on the Pleistocene lacustrine sequence of Piànico-Sèllere (northern Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Piànico-Sèllere is a lacustrine succession from northern Italy that records a sequence of climatic transitions across two Pleistocene glacial stages. The intervening interglacial stage is represented by well-preserved varves with calcitic (summer) and clastic (winter) laminae. There is a tight coupling between climate-driven lithologic changes and magnetic susceptibility variations, and stable paleomagnetic components were retrieved from all investigated lithologies including the largely diamagnetic calcite varves. These components were used to delineate a sequence of magnetic polarity reversals that was interpreted as a record of excursions of the Earth’s magnetic field. Comparison of the magnetostratigraphic results with previously published data allows discussion of two possible models which have generated controversy regarding the age of the Piànico Formation. The data indicates that the Piànico Formation magnetostratigraphy correlates to geomagnetic field excursions across the Brunhes/Matuyama transition, and consequently the Piànico interglacial correlates to marine isotope stage 19. This correlation option is substantially consistent with K-Ar radiometric age estimates recently obtained from a tepha layer interbedded in the Piànico Formation. The alternative option, considering the Piànico interglacial correlative to marine isotope stage 11 within the Brunhes Chron as supported by tephrochronological dating reported in the literature, is not supported by the magnetostratigraphic results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 44-53
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Piànico Formation ; Pleistocene ; magnetostratigraphy ; polarity excursions ; Brunhes Chron ; Southern Alps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 11
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    Morphometry of scoria cones located on a volcano flank: A case study from Mt. Etna (Italy), based on high-resolution LiDAR data (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: By using new high-resolution (2 m) digital elevation model derived from the 2005 LiDAR survey of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), our study measured the classical morphometrical parameters for scoria cones, i.e. Wco (cone width), Wcr (crater diameter), H (cone height) as well as volume, inclination of cone slope and substrate, and a number of other parameters for 135 scoria cones of Mt. Etna. Volume and age distribution of cones shows that there is no direct structural control on their emplacement in terms of Etna's rift zones. The cones are progressively smaller in size toward summit, which can be explained by the large volcano's feeding system and progressively frequent lava burial toward top. A careful analysis of H/Wco ratio (determined as 0.18 for other volcanic fields worldwide) shows that this ratio strongly depends on (1) the calculation method of H and (2) lava burial of cone. For Etnean cones, applying an improved method for calculating H relative to the dipping substrate results in a significantly lowered standard H/Wco ratio (0.137), which in turn questions the validity of the classical value of 0.18 in the case of large central volcanoes. The reduction of the ratio is not only due to methodology but also to the common lava burial. This can be expressed even better if Hmean is used instead of Hmax (Hmean/Wco = 0.098). Using this measure, at Etna, well formed cones have higher ratios than structurally deformed (e. g. double or rifted) cones. Furthermore, although the sampled scoria cones at Etna have formed in a relatively narrow time interval (〈 6500 yrs BP), there is a slight decrease in H/Wco corresponding to erosional changes detected globally (H/Wco = 0.143, 0.135 and 0.115 for three age classes of Etna's scoria cones, corresponding to average slopes of 26.6, 23.9 and 23.7°). Because the morphometrical effect of position on a dipping substrate as well as lava burial exceeds the effect of erosion, we call attention to use caution in simply using the H/Wco ratio of scoria cones for detecting age, especially on large active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 320-330
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: scoria cone ; morphometry ; Etna ; H/Wco ratio ; DEM analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Clues of Post-seismic Relaxation for the 1915 Fucino Earthquake (Central Italy) from Modeling of Leveling Data (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 1915 Fucino earthquake (Ms=6.9) was one of the largest and most destructive events in Italy during the last century. The epicentral area is centered in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy), where a long historical record of large earthquakes is available. Seismotectonic studies on this region, based on instrumental seismicity (focal mechanism solutions of major events and stress analysis of background seismicity), borehole break-out studies and several geological and paleoseismological investigations, suggest NE-SW oriented active extension. The 1915 earthquake fault produced detectable surface ruptures for about 20 km along NW-SE striking SW-dipping structures. Coseismic geodetic data recorded in the epicentral area have been inverted in the past (Amoruso et al. 1998 and references therein), indicating a source fault dipping at moderate angle toward SW and a normal focal mechanism, with a non-negligible left-lateral component. Three high precision leveling lines located in a wide sector north and east of the Fucino plain were measured in 1950 and 1997-2000 by the IGM (Istituto Geografico Militare). Two consecutive lines run in a NW-SE direction along the chain, and form a "T-shape" net together with a third line SW-NE striking, towards the Adriatic sea. The total length is about 360 km with a mean benchmark density higher than 0.5 bm/km. The relative elevation changes recorded during this time interval show maximum values between 7 and 12 cm with a signal wavelength of 40-70 km. The observed elevation changes stand significantly above the calculated total error of 1.13 mm sqrt(L) km. A sharp gradient has been observed east of the earthquake epicenter, where we observe peculiar elevation changes along a 40 km long section of the leveling line. The observed elevation changes in Fucino earthquake area seem to comprise both regional tectonic deformation and post-seismic relaxation. The former and the latter effects are expected to dominate along sections of the leveling lines which are respectively about perpendicular and parallel to the Apennines. Since we compare measurements performed in 1950 and 1997-2000, relaxation effects refer to a late stage of the process. We have used Pollitz (1997) code for computing gravitational-viscoelastic postseismic relaxation on a layered spherical Earth. Different Earth models, characterized by different thicknesses and viscosities of crustal layers and of the upper mantle, have been considered. Even if S/N ratio of expected post-seismic effects is not high, comparison between predictions and observations allows to constrain regional crustal structure. Best-fit seismic moment is in good agreement with Amoruso et al. (1998) and residuals are fully consistent with expected regional tectonic deformation in central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, USA
    Description: open
    Keywords: postseismic ; 1915 Fucino earthquake ; levelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    LIDAR strip adjustment: Application to volcanic areas (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: DEMs derived from LIDAR data are nowadays largely used for quantitative analyses and modelling in geology and geomorphology. High-quality DEMs are required for the accurate morphometric and volumetric measurement of land features. We propose a rigorous automatic algorithm for correcting systematic errors in LIDAR data in order to assess sub-metric variations in surface morphology over wide areas, such as those associated with landslide, slump, and volcanic deposits. Our procedure does not require a priori knowledge of the surface, such as the presence of known ground control points. Systematic errors are detected on the basis of distortions in the areas of overlap among different strips. Discrepancies between overlapping strips are assessed at a number of chosen computational tie points. At each tie point a local surface is constructed for each strip containing the point. Displacements between different strips are then calculated at each tie point, and minimization of these discrepancies allows the identification of major systematic errors. These errors are identified as a function of the variables that describe the data acquisition system. Significant errors mainly caused by a non-constant misestimation of the roll angle are highlighted and corrected. Comparison of DEMs constructed using first uncorrected and then corrected LIDAR data from different Mt. Etna surveys shows a meaningful improvement in quality: most of the systematic errors are removed and the accuracy of morphometric and volumetric measurements of volcanic features increases. These corrections are particularly important for the following studies of Mt. Etna: calculation of lava flow volume; calculation of erosion and deposition volume of pyroclastic cones; mapping of areas newly covered by volcanic ash; and morphological evolution of a portion of an active lava field over a short time span.
    Description: Published
    Description: 123-135
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: LIDAR ; Calibration ; DEM ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 14
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    Coupled Use of COSPEC and Satellite Measurements to define the Volumetric Balance During Effusive Eruptions at Mt. Etna, Italy (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mt. Etna is one of the most studied and extensively monitored volcanoes on earth (Bonaccorso et al., 2004). One of the most frequent hazards are due to the eruption of lava flows, more specifically those flows produced during flank eruptions. These eruptions potentially can produce extensive flows that can inundate densely populated communities of the lower slopes (Guest and Murray, 1979; Behncke et al., 2005). Satellite remote sensing can be used during effusive eruptions to help monitoring the volcano, by determining effusion rates of the flows, aiding in hazard management. The degassing that takes place when magma is rising to the surface can be regularly monitored using ultraviolet spectroscopic methods (e.g. Andres et al., 2001, Sutton et al., 2001). Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) fluxes have been derived from correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements at Mt. Etna (Italy) on a regular basis since 1987 (e.g. Caltabiano et al., 1994; Allard, 1997; Andronico et al., 2005; Burton et al., 2005; Burton et al., in press). Previous studies have compared field-based effusion rates with the measured SO2 fluxes to determine how much of the degassed magma is erupted onto Etna’s flanks in the form of lava flows (Allard, 1997; Harris et al., 2000). However, most of these studies examine bulk volumes erupted over an eruption rather than examining the short-term variations during eruptions. Determining the amount of lava erupted and/or the balance between the amount supplied and the amount erupted remains an unresolved issue. The main objectives of this paper are to examine such short-term variations using satellite-based effusion rates along with regularly measured SO2 fluxes. Using these measurements we determine how and when the volume of supplied magma is balanced by the volume of erupted lava during individual effusive eruptions.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna ; Thermal Remote Sensing ; SO2 ; Mass Balance ; Effusive Eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 15
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    Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-33
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seafloor and water columnobservatories ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
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  • 16
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    Astrochronology of the Mediterranean Langhian between 15.29 and 14.17 Ma (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An integrated high-resolution magnetobiocyclostratigraphy including radioisotopic dating and astronomical tuning is presented for the interval between 15.29 and 14.17 Ma in the marine La Vedova section in northern Italy. The natural remanent magnetization is carried by the iron sulphide greigite and the resultant magnetostratigraphy can be correlated straightforwardly to the interval ranging from C5Bn.2n to C5ADn in the Astronomically Tuned Neogene Time Scale (ATNTS2004). Spectral analysis on high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and geochemical proxy records in the depth domain and, using our magnetobiostratigraphic age model, in the time domain demonstrate that the various scales of cyclicity in the section are related to astronomical climate forcing. Starting from our initial age model, larger-scale cycles were first tuned to eccentricity. This first-order tuning was followed by tuning the basic cycle to precession and boreal summer insolation using inferred phase relations between maxima in Ca/Al, redox-sensitive elements and Ba, and minima in magnetic susceptibility, and maxima in precession and minima in obliquity and boreal summer insolation. Our astronomical ages for reversal boundaries are supported by analysis of sea floor spreading rates and should replace the existing ages in the ATNTS2004 lacking direct astronomical control. Two major steps in the geochemical proxy records, astronomically dated at 15.074 and 14.489 Ma, coincide with abrupt changes in sedimentation rate, and are the result of the combined effect of the ∼400-kyr eccentricity cycle superimposed upon a longer-term climatic or tectonic induced trend.
    Description: Published
    Description: 254–269
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Middle Miocene ; Langhian ; Mediterranean ; astronomical tuning ; palaeomagnetism ; biostratigraphy ; environmental changes ; orbital forcing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 17
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    Seismotectonic of Southern Apennines from recent passive seismic experiments (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We used data of local earthquakes collected during two recent passive seismic experiments carried out in southern Italy in order to study the seismotectonic setting of the Lucanian Apennine and the surrounding areas. Based on continuous recordings of the temporary stations we extracted over 15,600 waveforms, which were hand-picked along with those recorded by the permanent stations of the Italian national seismic network obtaining a dense, high-quality dataset of P- and S-arrival times. We examined the seismicity occurring in the period 2001–2008 by relocating 566 out of 1047 recorded events with magnitudes ML ≥1.5 and computing 162 fault-plane solutions. Earthquakes were relocated using a minimum one-dimensional velocity model previously obtained for the region and a Vp/Vs ratio of 1.83. Background seismicity is concentrated within the upper crust (between 5 and 20km of depth) and it is mostly clustered along the Lucanian Apennine chain axis. A significant feature extracted from this study relates to the two E–W trending clusters located in the Potentino and in the Abriola–Pietrapertosa sector (central Lucania region). Hypocentral depths in both clusters are slightly deeper than those observed beneath the Lucanian Apennine. We suggest that these two seismic features are representative of the transition from the inner portion of the chain to the external margin characterized by dextral strike-slip kinematics. In the easternmost part of the study area, below the Bradano foredeep and the Apulia foreland, seismicity is generally deeper and more scattered. The sparse seismicity localized in the Sibari Plain, in the offshore area along the northeastern Calabrian coast and in the Taranto Gulf is also investigated thanks to the new recordings. This seismicity shows hypocenters between 12 and 20km of depth below the Sibari Plain and is deeper (foci between 10 and 35km of depth) in the offshore area of the Taranto Gulf. 102 well-constrained fault-plane solutions, showing predominantly normal and strike-slip character with tensional axes (T-axes) generally NE oriented, were selected for the stress tensor analysis. We investigated stress field orientation inverting focal mechanism belonging to the Lucanian Apennine and the Pollino Range, both areas characterized by a more concentrated background seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110-124
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 5.7. Consulenze in favore di istituzioni nazionali e attività nell'ambito di trattati internazionali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Background seismicity ; Passive seismic experiments ; Southern Apennines ; Apulia foreland ; Stress field ; Seismotectonic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 18
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    The geochemical signature caused by earthquake propagation in carbonate-hosted faults (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Friction laboratory experiments have been performed at sub-seismic (≈ 0.01 m/s) to seismic slip rates (N1 m/s) on dolomite gouges of the Triassic evaporites, which hosted the five mainshocks (5bMw b6) of the 1997 Colfiorito earthquakes in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Experimental faults are lubricated as marked falls of the steady state sliding friction coefficients, μss≈0.2, are observed at seismic slip rates, as opposed to values of μss≥0.6 attained for sub-seismic slip rates. At seismic slip rates decarbonation reactions, triggered by frictional heating in the experimental slip zone, produced: 1) new fluid (CO2) and mineral phases (e.g. Mg-calcite, periclase/brucite, lime/portlandite); 2) isotopic fractionation between the reaction products and the reactant mineral phases. The variations of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TIDC) in concentration Δ(TDIC) and isotopic composition Δ(δ13CTIDC) in a carbonate aquifer, with geochemical parameters similar to those of an aquifer located in the seismic belt of the Northern Apennines, have been modelled after an input of earthquake-produced CO2. Modelling results show that variation in Δ(δ13CTIDC) can be detected in volumes of groundwater which are about three times larger than those calculated for the variations in Δ(TDIC). For amounts of CO2 produced by coseismic decarbonation of ≤5 wt.% of the slip zone gouge, modelling results show that a detectable geochemical anomaly is obtained if the produced CO2 is dissolved into volumes of water comparable to those of the shallower aquifers feeding the springs in the 1997 Colfiorito earthquakes area. We conclude that the integration of results from laboratory experiments, performed at seismic condition, and geochemical analyses can potentially aid in the calibration of monitoring strategies of geochemical properties of water in seismically active areas and provide insights into seismic fault zone processes (e.g. constraints on the temperature rise during earthquake propagation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 225-232
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquakes ; friction ; isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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  • 19
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    Mapping and DOWNFLOW simulation of recent lava flow fields at Mount Etna (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent years, progress in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques have allowed the mapping and studying of lava flows in unprecedented detail. A composite GIS technique is introduced to obtain high resolution boundaries of lava flow fields. This technique is mainly based on the processing of LIDAR-derived maps and digital elevation models (DEMs). The probabilistic code DOWNFLOW is then used to simulate eight large flow fields formed at Mount Etna in the last 25 years. Thanks to the collection of 6 DEMs representing Mount Etna at different times from 1986 to 2007, simulated outputs are obtained by running the DOWNFLOW code over pre-emplacement topographies. Simulation outputs are compared with the boundaries of the actual flow fields obtained here or derived from the existing literature. Although the selected fields formed in accordance with different emplacement mechanisms, flowed on different zones of the volcano over different topographies and were fed by different lava supplies of different durations, DOWNFLOW yields results close to the actual flow fields in all the cases considered. This outcome is noteworthy because DOWNFLOW has been applied by adopting a default calibration, without any specific tuning for the new cases considered here. This extensive testing proves that, if the pre-emplacement topography is available, DOWNFLOW yields a realistic simulation of a future lava flow based solely on a knowledge of the vent position. In comparison with deterministic codes, which require accurate knowledge of a large number of input parameters, DOWNFLOW turns out to be simple, fast and undemanding, proving to be ideal for systematic hazard and risk analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 27-39
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: LIDAR ; lava flow field ; lava flow simulation ; Digital elevation model ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 20
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    Texture analysis of volcanic rock samples: Quantitative study of crystals and vesicles shape preferred orientation from X-ray microtomography data (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the texture analysis of volcanic rocks, the preferred orientation of the constituents can provide useful information for the interpretation of the processes involved in the rock formation. We present here a new data analysis technique, based on X-ray microtomography measurements and on shape preferred orientation analysis, to obtain the orientation distribution functions of the constituents of volcanic rocks. This procedure proved to be very suitable for volcanic samples, where diffraction-based techniques, developed for crystallographic preferred orientation studies, are of limited utilization, in addition to the fact that they cannot provide any information about vesicles or bubbles. Moreover the analysis performed directly in three dimensions (3D) overcomes the problems that usually occur when employing stereological methods for the analysis of the images obtained via microscopy-based techniques. In this study, two scoriae (from Stromboli and Etna) and a tube pumice (from Campi Flegrei) were measured via X-ray microtomography and then the resulting volumes were analyzed following the proposed procedure. Results highlight little preferred orientation for the vesicles in the two scoria samples, whereas the pumice shows a marked preferred orientation. Crystals (also divided by mineral species) were taken into account as well and in the two scoria samples there is no crystal preferred orientation, in contrast with the pumice, where crystal preferred orientation features are very similar to the ones found for the vesicles. Overall we found strong differences in preferred orientation: weak for vesicles in scoriae, showing an axial symmetry with the axis parallel to the elongation axis of the sample, and a stronger and more complex orientation texture in the pumice sample for both crystals and vesicles. The promising results obtained suggest that this procedure is potentially very useful for the analysis of preferred orientation in volcanic rocks and geomaterials in general.
    Description: Published
    Description: 83-95
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: X-ray computed microtomography ; preferred orientation ; texture analysis ; volcanic scoria ; synchrotron X-rays ; pumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 21
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    An efficient mechanism to avert frictional melts during seismic ruptures (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We consider the spatio-temporal evolution of temperature due to frictional heating caused by the spontaneous propagation of 3-D dynamic seismic ruptures on planar faults. In our numerical experiments, which characterize typical crustal earthquakes, we assume that fault friction is controlled by different linear and nonlinear slip-dependent friction laws. In this paper we confirm that a necessary condition to prevent melting is to have a nearly complete breakdown stress drop. Our simulations, which employ a nonlinear slipdependent governing equation recently inferred from laboratory experiments by Sone and Shimamoto (2009), reproduce such a dramatic fault weakening and represent a plausible explanation for the prevention of melting during earthquake ruptures. We also demonstrate that low friction alone, although necessary, is not a sufficient condition to avert melts; the linear (or classical) slip-weakening (SW) law would produce melting, even assuming the same lengthscales and frictional levels. To avoid melting with linear SW law we have to impose a specific value of the SW distance. This reveals the prominent role of the time evolution of traction within the cohesive zone, where the stress release is realized, and of the value of the fracture energy density.
    Description: Published
    Description: 144-152
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake dynamics ; melting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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  • 22
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    High-resolution intra- and interbasinal correlation of the Danian–Selandian transition (Early Paleocene): The Bjala section (Bulgaria) and the Selandian GSSP at Zumaia (Spain) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Danian–Selandian (D–S) boundary has been identified for the first time in the Black Sea coast at Bjala (Bulgaria) based on a new integrated bio-, magneto- and cyclostratigraphic study. Several correlation criteria as established for the basal Selandian GSSP from Zumaia (Basque Basin) are evaluated. Noteworthy, is the almost complete lack of calcareous nannoplankton species Braarudosphaera bigelowi in the Bulgarian sections, a sharp decrease of which was indicated as suitable criteria for defining the D–S boundary as it occurred both at Zumaia and in the classical locations of the North Sea basin. Conversely, the second evolutionary radiation of the calcareous nannofossil genus Fasciculithus together with the occurrence of Fasciculithus tympaniformis that define the NP4/NP5 zonal boundary seem to be reliable criteria to approximate the D–S boundary. In detail, however, the best approach is to integrate biostratigraphic data within a magnetostratigraphic and/or cyclostratigraphic framework. Refinements on the placement of chron C27n at Zumaia and robust bed-by-bed correlation between several Basque sections and Bjala indicates that the D–S boundary is located 30 precession cycles (~630 ky) above C27n. In addition to the precession-related marl–limestone couplets and 100-ky eccentricity bundles recognized in the studied sections, expression of the stable 405-ky long eccentricity allows direct tuning to the astronomical solutions. A correlation of the land-based sections with previously tuned data from ODP Site1262 from the Southern Atlantic is challenged. Our choice is consistent with original tuning at Zumaia but shifts one 100-ky cycle older previous tuning from Site 1262 along the interval above C27n. Under the preferred tuning scheme the D–S boundary can be given an age of 61.641± 0.040 Ma on the La04 orbital solution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 511-533
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Paleocene ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Orbital tuning ; Calcareous nannofossils ; Selandian GSSP ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Nannoplankton biostratigraphic calibration of the evaporitic events in the Neogene Fortuna Basin (SE Spain) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Fortuna Basin is an example of a marginal Mediterranean basin with evaporitic sedimentation during the Late Tortonian and Messinian. This basin shows an early restriction event before the main Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) that allows the Tortonian Salinity Crisis (TSC) to be proposed as a tectonic uplift event isolating the eastern Betic basins. Four evaporitic events are present in the central part of the Fortuna Basin, from bottom to top: Los Baños Marls Formation (composed by Fenazar Conglomerate Bed, Lower Gypsum Member [Mb] and Sanel Mb), Tale Gypsum Formation (Fm), Chicamo Diatomites and Gypsum Cycles Fm, and Rambla Salada Gypsum Fm. The present work documents the first biostratigraphic dating based on calcareous nannoplankton of these events. The lowest occurrence (LO) of Amaurolithus primus is registered at the upper part of the Sanel Mb, below the Tale Gypsum Fm. The LOs of Amaurolithus delicatus and Reticulofenestra rotaria, which mark the base of the Messinian, occur in the lower part of the Chicamo Cycles Fm, above the Tale Gypsum Fm, the Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus-Nicklithus amplificus integrate form and the LO of Nicklithus cf. amplificus in the upper part of the Chicamo Cycles Fm. Taking into account these results, a new calibration of the available magnetostratigraphic data is presented: the Chicamo Cycles Fm were formed during the reverse chron C3Ar and the Tortonian-Messinian boundary should be found within the Tale Gypsum Fm or near the top of the Sanel Mb. The onset of the TSC, the first restriction phase of the Fortuna Basin, is represented by the Fenazar Conglomerate Bed, bottom of the Los Baños Fm, and not by the Tale Gypsum Fm, as previously considered.
    Description: Published
    Description: 201-217
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Betic Cordillera ; Tortonian Salinity Crisis ; Calcareous nannoplankton ; Messinian ; Fortuna Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 24
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    Regional magnetic and gravity anomaly correlations of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The complex magnetic and gravity anomaly fields of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea provide a record of the complicated properties and evolution of the underlying crust. Geologic interpretation of these anomalies is hindered by the effects of anomaly superposition and source ambiguity inherent to potential field analysis. A common approach to minimizing interpretational ambiguities is to consider analyses of anomaly correlations. Spectral correlation filters are used to separate positively and negatively correlated anomaly features based on the correlation coefficient given by the cosine of the phase difference between common wavenumber components. This procedure is applied to reduced-to-pole magnetic and first vertical derivative gravity anomalies for mapping correlative crustal magnetization and density contrasts. Adding and subtracting the standardized outputs of the filters yield summed (SLFI) and differenced (DLFI) local favorability indices that, respectively highlight positive and negative feature correlations in the anomaly data sets. Correlative maxima mainly reflect volcanic structures, and secondarily intrusive bodies and pre- Tortonian carbonates of the Maghrebian chain and the basement rocks of the Sardinia eastern margin. Correlative minima mostly mark sediment-filled peri-Tyrrhenian structural basins related to the Pliocene extensional tectonics, and intra-slope marine depressions related to post-Pliocene and still-active compressional tectonics off Northern Sicily. Prominent inverse anomaly correlations mainly reflect crustal features around the southern margin of the Tyrrhenian Sea that include higher density, lower magnetization pelagic-to-terrigenous and flysch-type nappes of the Sicilian-Maghrebian chain, as well as lower density, higher magnetization sediments filling depressions of the chain, and syn-rift sediments of Southeastern Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 27-41
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 5.7. Consulenze in favore di istituzioni nazionali e attività nell'ambito di trattati internazionali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Magnetism ; Gravity ; Modelling ; Back-arc basin ; Volcanism ; Tectonics ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 25
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    Late Matuyama climate forcing on sedimentation at the margin of the southern Alps (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Pleistocene history of climate control on sedimentation in the Southern Alps-Po Plain system, northern Italy, was reconstructed using an integrated magnetostratigraphic, palynological, and petrographical approach on a 47-m-deep core. The core mainly consists of lacustrine sediments pertaining to the Bagaggera sequence, deposited at the foothills of the Southern Alps during the late Matuyama subchron (0.99-0.78 Ma). At that time, climate worsened globally and locally it caused the progradation of an alluvial fan unit onto the nearby Po Plain, triggering lake formation by damming of a tributary valley. These new data are used in conjunction with data from the literature to highlight and track the effects of climate forcing on sedimentation during the late Matuyama subchron in different orographic and geodynamic settings of the Southern Alps-Po Plain system as part of the greater Alpine area. We found that the episodes of alluvial fan and braidplam progradation observed in the southern foreland of the Alps during the late Matuyama global cooling seem broadly synchronous with the deposition of most of the so-called Gunz and Alterer Deckenschotter deposits in the northern forelands of the Alps as well as with the first major waxing of the Alpine valley glaciers, possibly around the Marine Isotope Stage 22 (~0.87 Ma).
    Description: Regione Lombardia, IREALP
    Description: Published
    Description: 832–846
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Paleomagnetism ; Climate Change ; Early Pleistocene ; Italy ; Stratigraphy ; Petrography ; Palynology ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 26
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    Human migration into Europe during the late Early Pleistocene climate transition (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A critical assessment of the available magnetostratigraphic and/or radiometric age constraints on key sites bearing hominin remains and/or lithic industries from southern Europe (Italy, France, Spain) leads us to propose that the main window of early hominin presence in southern Europe is broadly comprised between the Jaramillo subchron and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (i.e., subchron C1r.1r, 0.99–0.78 Ma). Within the dating uncertainties, this ~200 ky time window broadly coincides with the late Early Pleistocene global climate transition that contains marine isotope stage (MIS) 22 (~0.87Ma), the first prominent cold stage of the Pleistocene. We suggest that aridification in North Africa and Eastern Europe, particularly harsh during MIS22 times, triggered migration pulses of large herbivores, particularly elephants, from these regions into southern European refugia, and that hominins migrated with them. Finally, we speculate on common pathways of late Early Pleistocene dispersal of elephants and hominins from their home in savannah Africa to southern Europe, elephant and hominin buen retiro. In particular, we stress the importance of the Po Valley of northern Italy that became largely and permanently exposed only since MIS22, thus allowing possibly for the first time in the Pleistocene viable new migration routes for large mammals and hominins across northern Italy to southern France and Spain in the west.
    Description: Published
    Description: 79-93
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Pleistocene ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Hominins ; Migration ; Europe ; Galerian ; Jaramillo ; Brunhes-Matuyama ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 27
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    The regular shape of stratovolcanoes: A DEM-based morphometrical approach (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We studied the shape of the most regular-shaped stratovolcanoes of the world to mathematically define the form of the ideal stratovolcano. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data we selected 19 of the most circular and symmetrical volcanoes, which incidentally all belong to subduction-related arcs surrounding the Pacific. The selection of volcanoes benefitted from the introduction of a new definition of circularity which is more robust than previous definitions, being independent of the erosional dissection of the cone. Our study on the shape of stratovolcanoes was based on the analysis of the radial elevation profiles of each volcano. The lower half section of the volcanoes is always well fitted by a logarithmic curve, while the upper half section is not, and falls into two groups: it is fitted either by a line (“C-type”, conical upper part) or by a parabolic arc (“P-type”, parabolic/concave upper part). A quantitative discrimination between these groups is obtained by fitting their upper slope with a linear function: C-type volcanoes show small, whereas P-type volcanoes show significant negative angular coefficient. The proposed threshold between the two groups is − 50 × 10− 4°/m. Chemical composition of eruptive products indicates higher SiO2 and/or higher H2O content for C-type volcanoes, which could imply a higher incidence of mildly explosive (e.g. strombolian) eruptions. We propose that this higher explosivity is responsible for forming the constant uppermost slopes by the deposition of ballistic tephra and its subsequent stabilisation at a constant angle. By contrast, P-type volcanoes are characterized by a smaller SiO2 and H2O content, which can be responsible for a higher incidence of effusive events and/or a lower incidence of upper flank-forming (i.e. mild) explosive eruptions. Therefore, the concave upper flanks of these volcanoes may be shaped typically by lava flows. Based on this hypothesis, we propose that the morphometric analysis of the elevation profile of stratovolcanoes can provide insights into their dominant eruptive style.
    Description: Published
    Description: 171-181
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stratovolcano ; SRTM ; shape analysis ; elevation profile ; circularity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 28
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    Adventive hydrothermal circulation on Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) revealed by geophysical and geochemical approaches: Implications for general fluid flow models on volcanoes (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-13
    Description: On March 15th 2007 a paroxysmal explosion occurred at the Stromboli volcano. This event generated a large amount of products,mostly lithic blocks, someofwhich impacted the ground as far as down to 200 m a.s.l., about 1.5 kmfaraway fromthe active vents. Two days after the explosion, a newvapouremissionwas discovered on the north-eastern flank of the volcanic edifice, at 560 m a.s.l., just above the area called “Nel Cannestrà”. This new vapour emission was due to a block impact. In order to investigate the block impact area to understand the appearance of the vapour emission, we conducted on May 2008 a multidisciplinary study involving Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Self-Potential (SP), CO2 soil diffuse degassing and soil temperature surveys. This complementary data set revealed the presence of an anomalous conductive body, probably related to a shallow hydrothermal level, at about 10–15 m depth, more or less parallel to the topography. It is the first time that such a hydrothermal fluid flow,with a temperature close to thewater boiling point (76 °C) has been evidenced at Stromboli at this low elevation on the flank of the edifice. The ERT results suggest a possible link between (1) the main central hydrothermal system of Stromboli, located just above the plumbing system feeding the active vents, with a maximum of subsurface soil temperature close to 90 °C and limited by the NeoStromboli summit crater boundary and (2) the investigated area of Nel Cannestrà, at ~500 m a.s.l., a buried eruptive fissure active 9 ka ago. In parallel, SP and CO2 soil diffuse degassingmeasurements suggest in this sector at slightly lower elevation fromthe block impact crater a magmatic and hydrothermal fluid rising system along the N41° regional fault. A complementary ERT profile, on May 2009, carried out from the NeoStromboli crater boundary downto the block impact crater displayed a flank fluid flowapparently connected to a deeper system. The concept of shallow hydrothermal level have been compared to similar ERT results recently obtained onMount Etna and La Fossa cone of Vulcano. This information needs to be taken into account in general fluid flow models on volcanoes. In particular, peripheral thermal waters (as those bordering the northeastern coast of Stromboli) could be contaminated by hydrothermal and magmatic fluids coming from regional faults but also from the summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111-119
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; hydrothermal system ; adventive hydrothermal flow ; electrical resistivity tomography ; self-potential ; soil diffuse degassing ; temperature ; 2007 Stromboli eruptive crisis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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