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  • 1
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    The Economics of Information, Deep Capture, and the Obesity Debate (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: The economic theory of regulatory capture predicts that industry groups will attempt to influence their regulators (for example, by lobbying for rules that exclude competition). It has been suggested that the same logic applies to any powerful institution with the ability to affect industry profits. When the aim of industry is to alter the public’s perception of its product (for example, by disseminating favorable messages to the news media or via an advertising campaign, or by funding industry-friendly scientific research), the end result has been dubbed deep capture. We develop a formal model of deep capture, in which consumers have imperfect information about product quality, and a dominant producer is able to increase his profits by altering the parameters of the consumer’s search problem. We demonstrate the empirical relevance of the phenomenon with a discussion of the food industry response to the obesity epidemic.
    Keywords: D18 - Consumer Protection, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health, L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility, L51 - Economics of Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    The Effects of Experience on Preferences: Theory and Empirics for Environmental Public Goods (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This article develops a choice model for environmental public goods, which allows for consumers to learn about their preferences through consumption experiences. We develop a theoretical model of Bayesian updating, perform comparative statics over the model, and show how the theoretical model can be consistently incorporated into a reduced form econometric model. Our main findings are that in a random utility model (RUM) discrete choice model, a subject's scale should increase and the variability of scale should decrease with experience if subjects are Bayesians. We then estimate the model using field data regarding preferences for one particular public good, water quality. We find strong evidence that additional experience increases scale, thereby making consumer preferences more predictable from the econometrician's perspective. We find supportive but less convincing evidence that experience decreases the variability of scale across subjects.
    Keywords: C51 - Model Construction and Estimation, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate, Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    The path- and place-dependent nature of scientific knowledge production in biotech 1986-2008 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: This study explores the worldwide spatial evolution of scientific knowledge production in biotechnology in the period 1986–2008. We employ new methodology that identifies new key topics in biotech on the basis of frequent use of title worlds in major biotech journals as an indication of new cognitive developments within this scientific field. Our analyses show that biotech is subject to a path- and place-dependent process of knowledge production. We observed a high degree of re-occurrences of similar key topics in biotech in consecutive years. Furthermore, slow growth cities in biotech are characterized by topics that are less technologically related to other topics, while high growth cities in biotech contribute to topics that are more related to the entire set of existing topics. Slow growth and stable growth cities in biotech introduced more new topics, while fast growth cities in biotech introduced more promising topics. Slow growth cities also showed low levels of research collaboration, as compared with stable and high growth cities.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L65 - Chemicals ; Rubber ; Drugs ; Biotechnology, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Accessing remote knowledge--the roles of trade fairs, pipelines, crowdsourcing and listening posts (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: Work on clusters during the last few decades convincingly demonstrates enhanced opportunities for local growth and entrepreneurship, but external upstream knowledge linkages are often overlooked or taken for granted. This article is an attempt to remedy this situation by investigating why and how young, single-site firms search for distant sources of complementary competences. The discussion is positioned within a comprehensive framework that allows a systematic investigation of the approaches available to firms engaged in globally extended learning. By utilizing the distinction between problem awareness (what remote knowledge is needed?) and source awareness (where does this knowledge reside?) the article explores the relative merits and inherent limitations of pipelines, listening posts, crowdsourcing and trade fairs to acquire knowledge and solutions from geographically and relationally remote sources.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    How controversial innovation succeeds in the periphery? A network perspective of BASF Argentina (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: This article builds elements of a theory of peripheral innovation in transnational corporations. Although subsidiaries at the geographical periphery of the global economy and at the organizational periphery of their headquarters often contribute a negligible amount to the corporate global revenues, this article provides evidence on the role of these peripheries in knowledge creation and in enforcing controversial innovations. Based on an embedded and mixed-method case study of the Argentinean subsidiary of the chemical corporation BASF that uses qualitative interviews and a social network survey of knowledge sharing among employees, this article develops three sets of propositions about contextual and network opportunities for creating and enforcing innovations in the periphery of transnational corporations.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    The creation of knowledge: local building, global accessing and economic development--toward an agenda (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: This article argues that local knowledge building and global (nonlocal) knowledge-accessing practices in economic development are intrinsically interwoven. They generate fundamental feedback loops, which are channeled through and lead to ongoing knowledge circulation. To better understand the nature of the specific mechanisms and conditions underlying these processes, three key areas of research are identified for current and future research. These are related to (i) creative agents and the nature of local creative processes, (ii) community formation and local creativity from ideas to market penetration and (iii) temporary gatherings as translocal knowledge platforms.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L23 - Organization of Production, M21 - Business Economics, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Global temporary networks of clusters: structures and dynamics of trade fairs in Asian economies (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-10
    Description: Acting as temporary clusters, trade fairs can turn into trans-local learning spaces in global industrial communities. However, up to now, how temporary gatherings are related to regional/national economies has not yet been systematically investigated. This article approaches the question with an international comparative study of trade fairs in Asian economies. Generally, consistent with a dynamic interpretation of temporary clusters, trade fairs exhibit a more diverse configuration of participants, being a setting more compatible for knowledge creation, in more developed Asian economies. However, structures of trade fairs are also influenced by organizational features of embedded economies. Further, seven flagship electronics fairs suggest an architecture of global temporary networks of clusters for high-end learning processes in the global knowledge economy.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes, O53 - Asia including Middle East, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Distinguishing beliefs from preferences in food choice (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: In the past two decades, there has been an explosion of studies eliciting consumer willingness-to-pay for food attributes; however, this work has largely refrained from drawing a distinction between preferences for health, safety and quality on the one hand and consumers' subjective beliefs that the products studied possess these attributes, on the other. Using data from three experimental studies, along with structural economic models, we show that controlling for subjective beliefs can substantively alter the interpretation of results and the ultimate implications derived from a study. The results suggest the need to measure subjective beliefs in studies of consumer choice and to utilise the measures when making policy and marketing recommendations.
    Keywords: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 0165-1587
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    The Impact of Information Provision on Agglomeration Bonus Performance: An Experimental Study on Local Networks (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: The agglomeration bonus is an incentive mechanism to induce adjacent landowners to spatially coordinate their land use for the delivery of ecosystem services from farmland. This paper uses laboratory experiments to explore the performance of the agglomeration bonus in achieving the socially optimal land management configuration in a local network environment where the information available to subjects varies and the strategic setting is unfavorable for efficient coordination. The experiments indicate that if subjects are informed about both their direct and indirect neighbors’ actions, they are more likely to produce the socially optimal configuration. Thus effectiveness of the policy can be improved by implementing information dissemination exercises among landowners. However given the adverse strategic setting, increased game experience leads to coordination failure and optimal land choices only at the localized level independent of the information available to subjects. Thus success of the agglomeration bonus scheme on real landscapes will have to take account of the roles of both information and experience on participant behavior.
    Keywords: C72 - Noncooperative Games, C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, Q25 - Water, Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Modelling interdependent participation incentives: dynamics of a voluntary livestock disease control programme (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: With focus on seedstock herds selling replacements and a qualified class of diseases, this paper models producers' interdependent incentives to participate in a voluntary livestock disease control programme. Under strategic complementarity among participation decisions, momentum can build such that market premium for participation and participation rate increase sequentially. Non-participation, partial participation and full participation can all be Nash equilibria. Participation cost heterogeneity will dispose the outcome towards incomplete participation. We find plausible conditions under which temporary government subsidies cause tipping towards full participation. Applying parameters from the literature on Johne's disease, we illustrate factors that may affect participation.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, I15 - Health and Economic Development, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 0165-1587
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 11
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    Global cluster networks--foreign direct investment flows from Canada to China (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-19
    Description: Using a network perspective of multinational firms, this article develops conceptions of global cluster networks and global city-region networks that are based on foreign direct investment (FDI) activities. The article first formulates a global cluster-network hypothesis suggesting that multinational cluster firms are more likely to set up new foreign affiliates in other, similarly specialized clusters to keep up with global industry dynamics. Conversely, it is suggested that non-cluster firms are more likely to avoid cluster destinations in their FDIs. Second, it is hypothesized that cluster networks generate connections between city-regions in different countries that are horizontal and vertical in character and thus shape global city-region networks. To test these hypotheses, the spatial patterns of 299 FDI cases from Canada to China between 2006 and 2010 are investigated, generally supporting the hypotheses developed.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 12
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    Distance as asset? Knowledge collaboration in hybrid virtual communities (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-19
    Description: This article takes issue with the reification of proximity in the current debates about the geographies of knowledge production. It aims at developing a more differentiated view on the spatialities of learning by focussing on knowledge practices in which neither physical nor relational proximity are available. More specifically, the article explores on the basis of a ‘netnographic approach’ interactive knowledge collaboration in nine ‘hybrid virtual communities’ that reflect a broad spectrum of organizational set-ups from firm hosted over firm related to independent communities. Our empirical analysis reveals that hybrid virtual communities even in the absence of physical or relational proximity are able to produce economically useful knowledge; that despite the low importance of proximity the physical and material conditions play a crucial role for knowledge collaboration in hybrid virtual communities; and that hybrid virtual communities afford unique technical opportunities and social dynamics that foster learning processes unattainable in face-to-face contexts.
    Keywords: D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks, L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
    Print ISSN: 1468-2702
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-2710
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 13
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    Consumer choices for nano-food and nano-packaging in France and Germany (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-28
    Description: An experiment with different information treatments was conducted in France and Germany to evaluate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for food nanotechnology focusing on two applications: nano-fortification with vitamins and nano-packaging. Results show that many consumers in both countries are reluctant to accept nanotechnology in food. Being confronted with general information on nanotechnology, econometric estimations of WTP reveal that French consumers are more reluctant to accept nano-packaging, whereas German consumers are less inclined to accept nano-fortification compared with the respective other application. More detailed information on nanotechnology has a negative impact when voluntary access to relevant information is assured.
    Keywords: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, I10 - General
    Print ISSN: 0165-1587
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 14
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    The food crisis, mass media and the political economy of policy analysis and communication (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: Few years ago, the widely shared view was that low food prices were a curse to developing countries. The dramatic increase in food prices in 2006–2008 appears to have fundamentally altered this view. The vast majority of analyses and reports in 2008 and 2009 state that high food prices have a devastating effect on developing countries. In this paper, we (i) document these changes in perspective; (ii) develop a model of policy communication to explain the cause of the change in views; and (iii) review the policy recommendations of the organisations that shifted their communication.
    Keywords: D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation, L31 - Nonprofit Institutions ; NGOs, P16 - Political Economy
    Print ISSN: 0165-1587
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collective learning, innovation and growth in a boundedly rational, evolutionary world (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 4 (1994), S. 207-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Economic growth ; Innovation ; Market structure ; Learning ; Bounded rationality ; L20 ; O31 ; O33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We formulate a simple multiagent evolutionary scheme as a model of collective learning, i.e. a situation in which firms experiment, interact, and learn from each other. This scheme is then applied to a stylized endogenous growth economy in which firms have to determine how much to invest in R&D, where innovations are the stochastic product of their R&D activity, spillovers occur, but technological advantages are only relative and temporary and innovations actually diffuse, both at the intra and interfirm levels. The model demonstrates both the existence of a unique long-run growth attractor (in the linear case) and distinct growth phases on the road to that attractor. We also compare the long-run growth patterns for a linear and a logistic innovation function, and produce some evidence for a bifurcation in the latter case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236369
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On designing economic agents that behave like human agents (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 3 (1993), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Learning ; Bounded rationality ; Learning algorithms ; Artificial economic agents ; Learning automata ; D83
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the idea of constructing theoretical economic agents that behave like actual human agents and using them in neoclassical economic models. It does this in a repeated-choice setting by postulating “artificial agents” who use a learning algorithm calibrated against human learning data from psychological experiments. The resulting calibrated algorithm appears to replicate human learning behavior to a high degree and reproduces several “stylized facts” of learning. It can therefore be used to replace the idealized, perfectly rational agents in appropriate neoclassical models with “calibrated agents” that represent actual human behavior. The paper discusses the possibilities of using the algorithm to represent human learning in normal-form stage games and in more general neoclassical models in economics. It explores the likelihood of convergence to long-run optimality and to Nash behavior, and the “characteristic learning time” implicit in human adaptation in the economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01199986
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