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  • Articles  (22)
  • Laser  (22)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (18)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1950-1954
  • Technology  (18)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (4)
  • History
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of blood flow on the material properties of bone (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 22 (1994), S. 194-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Blood/Fluid flow ; Bone ; Laser ; Material properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This project was undertaken to establish if the integral circulation had any effects upon the mechanical behavior of bone. The influence of blood flow in the rabbit tibia on the strain induced at the bone surface when under load was assessed. Recordings were taken from three adult and three immature New Zealand White rabbits which had previously had both their tibiae pinned with modified orthopedic pins. Strain readings were obtained from the exposed mid-shaft of the tibia of both hind legs before, during and after blood flow changes. The loading was static and used to maintain a strain of 250 μstrain in adult animals and 180 μstrain in immature animals prior to variation in blood flow. The blood flow was altered by means of a tourniquet inflated to 80 mm Hg and placed medial to the pinned tibia; it was inflated for a specific time (≈40 minutes) during the experimental loading. Reducing the blood flow appeared to alter the strain recorded at the bone surface while the applied load across the pins remained constant. An initial effect when there was reduced perfusion was that the strain increased following a reduction in blood flow. The strain then began to decrease in magnitude on the compressive aspect coincident with release of the cuff to a level below the value of the initial normally perfused bone. Upon return of the blood supply to normal levels following the initial hyperaemic phase, the strain value increased to a value comparable with that of normally perfused bone. During the hyperemic phase, found on the compressive aspect of the tibia, the measured strain decreased to a value below the initial loaded strain despite the load remaining constant. This demonstrates that the presence of a normal cardiovascular perfusion actually stiffens the bone while a reduction in perfusion allows the bone to deform more readily for the same external loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390377
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-beam-pumped laser emitters with microrelief mirrors based on II-VI semiconductorsPresented at European II-VI Workshop, Aachen, 1993. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 4 (1994), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: II-VI semiconductor ; Laser ; Generation ; Longitudinal electron beam pumping ; Microrelief ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The power characteristics of electron-beam-pumped emitters based on II-VI compounds have been stukdied. The use of a microrelief with direction-selective reflective properties instead of a totally reflecting miror has made it possible to provide effective sukppression of closed non-characteristics and efficiency of lasers and to make them suitable for obtaining generation with high efficiency in a number of media, in particular YAG:Nd3+, KGW:Nd3+ and Lif:F2+ (OH), at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860040508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallographic orientation and light emission of streamer discharges in II-VI semiconductorsEuropean II-VI Workshop, Aachen, 1993. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 4 (1994), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: II-VI semiconductor ; Laser ; Streamer ; Electric discharge ; Luminescence ; Generation ; Crystallographic orientation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Some results of Investigations on the crystallographic orientation, luminescence and stimulated emission of streamer discharges in monocrystals of hexagonal CdS, CdSe and ZnO and cubic Znsand Snseare presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860040509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ignition and growth of a detonation by a high energy plasma (1992)
    Springer
    Shock waves 2 (1992), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Two-phase flow ; Numerical model ; Deflagration detonation transition ; Equation of state ; Laser ; Plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many experimental and numerical studies have been achieved to describe the transition process of deflagration to detonation when a projectile impacts an explosive. Also a large work has been done for the determination of various parameters — such as the impact pressure, the efficiency factors, etc. of the laser — material interaction. When a laser beam impacts an explosive, the P2 τ criterion, characteristic of shock initiated detonations, is no longer valid due to the generated hot plasma whose effect is to decrease the DDT (Deflagration to Detonation Transition) duration. The present paper deals with a modelling of the plasma-explosive medium allowing the determination of distances and times of the DDT process. The two phase modelling of the granular explosive takes into account the creation of hot spots. The pressure of the plasma is computed using a semi empirical model, while the temperature is obtained from Maxwell Boltzmann statistics. The authors focused their attention on the equation of state for the detonation products and the numerical process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer laser projection etching of copper foils in chlorine gas (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 1 (1992), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Copper ; Etching ; Excimer ; Laser ; Chlorine ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Low-fluence XeCl laser etching of copper foils in a chlorine environment has been studied. The etch rate is fluence-dependent in the range 0.05-1.0 J cm-2 and is governed by the growth characteristics of the chloride layer formed in the interpulse period. Projection etching with good pattern reproduction and resolution for high-aspect-ratio features is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860010202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro effects of CO2 laser irradiation on platelets: Influence of aspirin (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser ; Platelets ; Aspirin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser angioplasty involves intravascular laser irradiation which may affect platelets and aggregation. In this study we examined the in vitro effects of different energy doses and modes of CO2 laser irradiation on the platelet number, function and ultrastructure. Since aspirin is used in many patients suffering from coronary artery disease, the consequences of laser irradiation on aspirin-treated platelets were studied as well. We found that CO2 laser irradiation causes a dose-response reduction of the platelet number that is most pronounced with high energy-short duration irradiation, and a dose-response reduction in platelet aggregation which is independent of the mode of irradiation. Pretreatment with aspirin does not change the effects of laser irradiation on platelet number, while aggregation is reduced only at relatively high energy doses. Electron microscopy revealed significant intracellular injury following low energy irradiation, while progressive damage to membranes occurred in a dose-response mode, both in untreated and aspirin-treated platelets. The clinical application of our findings should be done cautiously since important in vivo factors, such as the effect of laser irradiation on the vessel wall and coagulation system, were not studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042641
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser angioplasty versus balloon angioplasty: The need for imaging (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Angioplasty ; Recanalization ; Laser ; Balloon ; Intravascular ultrasound ; Restenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The current state of clinical laser angioplasty is reviewed. Compared to balloon dilation at the beginning of the past decade, both peripheral and coronary laser angioplasty devices produce better results. Compared to current balloon angioplasty techniques, however, laser angioplasty does not seem to offer improved initial or long term results. Intravascular ultrasound imaging may help to improve laser ablation of atherosclerotic plaque. It remains to be established, however, whether precise debulking of the obstruction will result in a reduced restenosis rate compared to balloon angioplasty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030875
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser systems for cardiovascular applications (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser ; Angioplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Different laser systems have been proposed for angioplasty. A brief overview is given in order to describe the basic concepts which characterize each case. The results of a comparison are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030878
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Ray- and catheter-guided intracardial laser photocoagulation of arrhythmogenic substrates (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Arrhythmia ; Cardiology ; Cardiovascular surgery ; Catheter ; Heart ; Laser ; Mapping ; Photocoagulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cardiac arrhythmias resistant to drug treatment and correlated to an arrhythmogenic anatomic structure can be treated in several cases by surgical intervention. A further method of treatment is the percutaneous, ECG mapping-guided catheter ablation with either direct current (DC) or radio frequency (RF) ablation of localized arrhythmogenic foci. These methods overcome some complications inherent to open surgery to the heart; DC ablation, however, often induces further arrhythmias or ventricular or auricular fibrillation, while RF ablation shows only little success. In the method presented here disturbing electric effects are avoided by laser photocoagulation via a transcatheter quartz fibre. An electrode/laser catheter recently developed simultaneously allows for a mapping-guided localization of arrhythmogenic substrates and their percutaneous transluminal and intracardial deactivation. An anchoring mechanism at the catheter's tip keeps it in place during the treatment. This mechanism also prevents contact of the quartz fibre to the endomyocardium in order to avoid destruction of the fibre tip due to local overheating of the myocardium. A Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 1.064μm) delivers pulses of 5–10 s and a power of 10–15 W at the tip of a quartz fibre with a core diameter of 400μm. The corresponding parameter or irradiation of the myocardium are power densities of 700–1500 W cm−2 and energy densities of 8–15 kJ cm−2. In dog hearts lesions 2–10 mm in diameter and up to 11 mm in depth were obtained. Simultaneously registered electrocardiograms show that primarily induced arrhythmias lasted only for about 3 min but could not again be observed during the 2–3 months follow-up. Crater formation or perforation of the myocardium always could be avoided by an ECG-controlled laser irradiation. This indicates the safety and efficacy of the laser method for intracardial intervention in arrhythmogenic substrates. Clinical tests have been started recently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tool for the evaluation of colour in port wine stains (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Port wine stains ; Naevus flammeus ; Colour ; Colourimetry ; Laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for immediate comparison of the aesthetic results of laser treatment of port wine stains has been developed. This method could easily be implemented in the offices of laser specialists throughout the world. The method consists of a colour strip that is viewed together with the lesion. The colours have been chosen from the MUNSELL standard colour system. After extensive testing eight colours were chosen that appear visually equally spaced and represent the various colours of port wine stains before and during their treatment. Using this standard would allow a much more objective analysis of the results of different techniques and lasers. Just as importantly it gives the patients an objective indication of their progress during treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042646
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromophores in tissue for laser medicine and laser surgery (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Cancer ; Laser ; Chromophores ; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Chromophores in tissue are of considerable interest for the tissue interactions with lasers in the visible light range. The natural chromophores in man are essentially melanin and red cell haemoglobin. With the development of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in the treatment of human cancer, the new technology of exogenous chromophores was developed and continues to expand both in laser medicine and laser surgery. This technology relates specific chromophores to specific wavelengths for the destruction of tumours and has been very effective for PDT in those instances where there is accessibility to the tumour mass by the laser beam. The problems today are concerned with how to mark these malignant foci deep in the tissue, how to detect them, and how to direct selected laser beams to the marked carcinomatous tissue. In laser medicine, the field is expanding especially for tissue and laboratory diagnostics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032656
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative and comparative study of haematoporphyrin-derived photosensitizers on a murine tumour model (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; PDT ; Fluorescence ; Haematoporphyrin derivative ; HPD ; Diagnosis ; Murine tumour ; Laser ; Pharmacodynamic ; Pharmacokinetic ; Regrowth delay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Eight commercially available HPD-photosensitizers intended for photodynamic therapy were tested in a murine tumour model with regard to their therapeutic efficacy. The regrowth delay of the fibrosarcoma SSK-2 on the mouse C3H, Neuherberg-line, was determined 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after injection of the drugs (dose: 9 mg kg−1 body weight). The corresponding pharmacodynamics, as measured by regrowth delay, were approximated by an exponential function and the characterizing coefficients derived. These coefficients served to quantify the photodynamic properties of the drugs. The pharmacodynamics of five substances were compared with those obtained fluorometrically. The latter showed shorter decay constants than the therapy-correlated substances which indicates different metabolic behaviour of the therapeutic and diagnostically useful fluorescent components of haematoporphyrin-derived photosensitizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032660
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission measurements on various tissue samples between 1064 and 2000 nm (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser ; Near-infrared ; Extinction coefficient ; Scattering ; Transmission ; Tissue sample
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The transmission of various tissue samples was measured between 1064 and 2000 nm. From these experiments, extinction coefficients were found to vary between 5 and 110 cm−1. In this spectral range, all the investigated tissues except fat showed two water absorption peaks centred at 1450 and 1950 nm. We have observed a greater extinction coefficient in brain than in other tissues which we have attributed to differences in scattering properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032626
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser assisted microvascular anastomoses: A histological study (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser ; Anastomosis ; Aneurysm ; Microsurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser assisted microvascular anastomosis (LAMA) was performed on rat femoral arteries anddd veins using a milliwatt CO2 laser. The histological appearance of the anastomoses was assessed immediately after the procedure and at regular intervals up to seven months. There was extensive thermal-induced transmural necrosis. The weld at the anastomosis was shown to comprise of fibrin, which later organized into fibrous tissue. Re-endothelialization occurred earlier in veins, and the endothelial nature of the surface cells was confirmed by factor VIII-related antigen positivity by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. Healing was complete by 9 weeks, but the vessel was not reconstituted to its normal appearance. At the site of the anastomosis 20% of the vessels had false aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032655
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    The laser treatment of port wine stains: a survey by the French Society of Medical Lasers (SFLM) (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser ; Port wine stain ; Survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Lasers have been used in dermatology for several years. The unique and powerful photocoagulation obtained by lasers has proved to be highly valuable in the treatment of port wine stains (PWS). Different lasers such as Argon, CO2, Copper Vapour, Continuous Wave and Pulsed Dye as well as different techniques have been described as suitable for this purpose in the literature. However, little information is available on the number of dermatologists using lasers for the treatment of PWS or on their techniques and their results. The aim of this survey, sponsored by the French Society of Medical Lasers was the evaluation of the usage of lasers by dermatologists in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Questionnaires were sent to 81 dermatologists of whom 55 replied. Analysing their answers shows that the percentage of good results obtained is slightly lower than that reported in the literature and appears to be related to the experience of the dermatologist. Pre-treatment characterization of PWS and better control of light dosimetry were the two main factors requiring further improvement.
    Notes: Résumé Les lasers sont utilisés en dermatologie depuis plusieurs années pour le traitement des angiomes plans. Différents lasers et techniques sont maintenant proposés pour réaliser ce traitement. Cependant, il est difficile de comparer les résultats et il n'existe que très peu de données sur la diffusion de ce type de traitement. Le but de cette enquête, réalisée avec l'aide de la Société Française des Lasers Médicaux, était donc de mieux connaître la réalité de la pratique quotidienne au nivau de chaque dermatologue. Un questionnaire a été envoyé à 81 dermatologues francophones (Belgique, Suisse et France) disposant de lasers. L'analyse des 55 réponses montre que le traitement des angiomes plans au laser est reconnu comme une technique efficace et a supplanté les autres techniques de traitement. Le laser Argon est le plus utilisé et constitue la référence pour le traitement des angiomes, car le laser CO2 reste limité aux angiomes très superficiels. L'investissement perdure et on constate que la technique laser a pénétré au cabinet. Le pourcentage global de bons résultats est assez proche, voir similaire à celui rapporté dans le littérature. Néanmoins, ce pourcentage reste très dépendant de l'expérience de l'opérateur. Il est certain que l'amélioration du traitement des angiomes par laser passe par une caractérisation préalable de l'angiome et par une meilleure maîtrise de la dosimétrie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032621
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial laser hyperthermia in the treatment of tumours (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Tumours ; Hyperthermia ; Laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031374
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Erbium-YAG and holmium-YAG laser ablation of bone (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 365-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Erbium-YAG ; Holmium-YAG ; CO2 ; Infrared ; Laser ; Bone ; Ablation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented for the latent heat of ablation of bone using an erbium-YAG laser operating at 2.9Μm, and a holmium-YAG laser operating at 2.1Μm. The values are 8.2±1.0 kJ cm−3 and 18±2.0 kJ cm−3, respectively. Secondary damage to surrounding tissue is found to extend approximately 5Μm with the erbium laser and is greatly increased to 80Μm with significant charring in the case of holmium. These secondary damage zones are much smaller than those produced by the CO2 laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032593
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  • 18
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    Photodynamic therapy of tumours in gastroenterology—a review (1990)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 5 (1990), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Tumours ; Gastroenterology ; Laser ; Endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the local destruction of tissue by the interaction of light with a previously administered photosensitizer producing a photochemical effect. This technique has been demonstrated to permit the eradication of small tumours in experimental and clinical practice, with clear biological advantages. This paper reviews PDT experience in gastroenterology, together with concepts currently under experimental investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031389
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  • 19
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    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
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  • 20
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    Some examples of nondestructive flaw detection by shearography (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 8 (1989), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Laser ; speckle interferometry ; shearography ; NDE ; metals ; composites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents some examples of nondestructive flaw detection using an optical method based on speckle shearing interferometry called shearography. In the method, a structure under study is illuminated by laser and imaged by a special image-shearing camera. After suitable processing, a fringe pattern which represents loci of surface displacement derivatives, i.e., strains, is observed in the image. Since defects in structures usually induce strain concentrations around them and since strain concentrations usually cause perturbations on the surface of structures, shearography reveals defects from anomalies in the recorded fringe pattern. In this work, the technique has been applied to the nondestructive detection of various flaws in plain and welded pipes, composite plates, and other engineering components. A simple model was also developed for the estimation of the depth of disbonds in glassfiber reinforced plastic sheets. Results obtained are good and demonstrate the usefulness of the method as a complement to other conventional NDT techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00633273
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  • 21
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    Nd-YAG laser in subtotal thyroidectomy: A prospective randomized study (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Thyroidectomy ; Laser ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty patients for thyroid resection were allocated into conventional (n=15) or laser (n=15) operations. The age and sex distribution were similar, as was the relation between unilateral and bilateral resections between the groups. A contact Nd-YAG laser was used for dissection and resection in the laser group, where there was significantly less bleeding than in the conventional group (p〈0.05). The operation was also faster in the laser group. No complications occurred. It is concluded that the contact Nd-YAG laser technique can safely be used in resection of the thyroid gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032459
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  • 22
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    Photodynamic therapy in the management of malignant gliomas: a review (1986)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Malignant glioma ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative ; Photosensitizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Interest in photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas began in the 1950s. Following the publication of papers showing that haematoporphyrin was excluded from the intact blood-brain barrier and that glioma cells grown in culture and subcutaneously could be killed by a combination of light and haematoporphyrin, a number of clinical trials was started, none of which has shown any measurable improvement in patient survival. The reason for this may relate to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy and a lack of the scientific data needed to optimize photodynamic selectivity. This review discusses the potential role of photodynamic therapy in glioma treatment, and reviews the current clinical and experimental work in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040233
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