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  • Articles  (187,512)
  • 2010-2014  (137,085)
  • 2000-2004  (50,427)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (136,400)
  • Technology  (51,818)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In this paper, the mechanical and long-term durability behaviour of structural lightweight concrete (LWC) produced with natural lightweight scoria aggregate (LWSA) from the Azores is analysed. Among the properties studied are the compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage, capillary absorption, carbonation and chloride resistance. To this end, a comprehensive experimental study was carried out on different concrete compositions involving common and high-performance structural concrete produced with coarse or coarse and fine volcanic scoria aggregate. Generally, all the mechanical properties worsened with the incorporation of LWSA. It is concluded that the most efficient LWC with LWSA can attain compressive strength up to about 35 MPa. On the other hand, the production of LWC of more than 50 MPa implies a marked reduction in compressive strength for a small reduction in density. The long-term shrinkage increased with the replacement of normal-weight aggregate by LWA and was higher when coarse and fine scoria were used. However, the early age shrinkage can be counterbalanced by the internal curing effect provided by LWSA. The capillary absorption, chloride and carbonation resistance were affected by the high porosity of LWSA. The absence of the outer shell in scoria aggregate and the surface effects during tests can partly explain the lower performance of the LWC. Nevertheless, it is shown that LWC with scoria can be durable, and even for low- to moderate-strength LWC the corrosion induced by carbonation may not be relevant.
    Print ISSN: 1319-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 2
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    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: A broadband microwave crossover with planar structure and compact size is proposed. It is composed of four pairs of parallel-coupled microstrip lines terminated with short-ended stubs. The utilised structure is analysed using a second-order even/odd-mode method, which shows that the centre frequency and bandwidth of the passband are defined by the length and coupling factor of the coupled lines, respectively. The proposed design is verified using both full-wave simulations as well as experiments on two prototypes. The achieved results of the two designs indicate fractional bandwidths of 12.5 and 25% with less than 0.8 dB of insertion loss, more than 17 dB of return loss, more than 18 and 12 dB of isolation and a flat group delay with less than 0.4 ns of deviation.
    Print ISSN: 1751-8725
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-8733
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In this study, various forms of design, simulation and measurements of a new type of metamaterial absorber (MA) is investigated at X band. In the first step, an ultra-thin absorber is considered with absorptivity of 99% at frequency 9.88 GHz. The thickness of the structure is only 1/120 of the radiation wavelength. In the second step, a multi-layered structure is designed by stacking several layers of the design on top of one another. For the three-layered structure, two absorption peaks appear at 10.17 GHz of 98% and 10.89 GHz of 99%, respectively. In the third step, resonant frequencies are placed near each other by exploiting the scaling property of the MAs. Unit cells with three scaled elements have the absorption peaks at three resonant frequencies of 9.26, 9.6 and 10.10 GHz with the absorptions of 100, 95 and 84%, respectively. Finally, scaled and stacked structures are combined. The absorption spectra of the three-layered scaling structure have four resonant frequencies at 9.32, 9.76, 10.35 and 11.21 GHz with the absorptivities of 99, 100, 97 and 83%, respectively, with a total full width at half maximum-bandwidth of 2260 MHz. Results of the recursive method and the simulations are in good agreement with those of the measurements.
    Print ISSN: 1751-8725
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-8733
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 4
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    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In this study, a reciprocal broadband four-way spatial divider/combiner with coaxial probes entering a rectangular cavity is simulated, experimentally fabricated and tested. A combination of circuit model and full electromagnetic wave methods is used to simplify the design procedure by increasing the role of the circuit model and, in contrast, reducing the amount of full wave optimisation. The presented structure is compact and easy to fabricate. Keeping its return loss greater than 10 dB, the constructed combiner operates with a 100% bandwidth from 5 to 15 GHz. A through scenario is also analysed whereas both measured and simulated results indicate a negligible loss. The measurements are in good agreement with the simulations done by high frequency structural simulator software.
    Print ISSN: 1751-8725
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-8733
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We demonstrate a highly efficient, stable, and tunable dispersive wave (DW) emitted by the soliton in a tellurite microstructured optical fiber. The dependence of the generated DW properties on the average pump power is experimentally investigated. By using the 80-MHz pulse emitted from an optical parametric oscillator as the pump source, the DW from $sim$ 1626 to 1685 nm is obtained with the average pump power changing from $sim$ 250 to 440 mW at the pump wavelength of $sim$ 1760 nm. The conversion efficiency is over $sim$ 65%. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of DW pulse at the center wavelength of $sim$ 1626 nm is $sim$ 90 fs, which was measured by an intensity autocorrelator. The stable DW pulse can be used as a near-infrared femtosecond source.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Metallic nanostructure arrays have been highlighted by their tremendously promising applications, such as biosensors, light harvesting, and fluorescence enhancement. To reach the aim of obtaining an inexpensive gold elliptic nanocavity array (GENA) biosensor, which has high refractive index sensitivity, the two-photon nanolithography, with the advantages of high resolution, low cost, time-saving, etc., is used to fabricate GENAs. The characteristics of these GENA biosensors are experimentally and theoretically investigated. A finite-difference time-domain method is applied to analyze the GENAs' localized surface plasmon resonance modes in the transmission spectra of GENAs and steady-state field intensity distributions. The refractive index sensitivities of the GENAs are characterized by the transmission spectra of GENAs in water and varied concentrations of NaCl solution. The results illustrate that the GENA biosensor under coupled mode sensing has high refractive index sensitivity, which reaches 562 nm/RIU.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 7
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Print ISSN: 1540-7977
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-4216
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 8
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We report the design and fabrication of transfer-printed flexible three-color multijunction 8 $times$ 8 crystalline silicon membrane photodetector arrays. Based on the penetration-depth-dependent absorption of different wavelengths, filter-free color detection can be obtained via three junction photocurrent measurement. The optical measurements show good agreements with the optical behavior predicted by the design and simulation. No noticeable changes were observed in the device performance when it was operated in a bending state.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 9
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The 41 European electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 34 countries across Europe are gathered under the umbrella of the European Network Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) cooperative association to support security of supply, sustainability, and the development of a European internal energy market. Together they provide transmission service to 534 million citizens. Their cooperation is regulated by European Union (EU) Regulation (EC) 714/2009 on cross-border exchanges of electricity. As such, ENTSO-E is the focal point for all technical, market, and policy issues relating to TSOs and the European network; it interfaces with power system users, EU institutions, regulators, and national governments.
    Print ISSN: 1540-7977
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-4216
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 10
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In response to the move in Europe toward a more sustainable, reliable, and cost-efficient society, European energy policy has set ambitious goals for the European electricity system, targeting the objective of at least an 80% decarbonization of society from current levels by 2050.
    Print ISSN: 1540-7977
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-4216
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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