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  • Other Sources  (63)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2010-2014  (32)
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1995-1999  (17)
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  • 1
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    Doing Science (2001)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  New York, 294 pp., Oxford University Press, vol. 26, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 0-521-62434-7 hc (0-521-62478-9 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: outreach ; communication ; publishing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    The Geology of Earthquakes (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  New York, Oxford University Press, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 1-4020-1348-5 hb, ISBN: 1-4020-1349-3 pb)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Induced seismicity ; Magnitude ; Maximum likelihood
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Geochemical constraints on the diversity and activity of H2-oxidizing microorganisms in diffuse hydrothermal fluids from a basalt- and an ultramafic-hosted vent (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 74 (1). pp. 55-71.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-18
    Description: Mixing processes of reduced hydrothermal fluids with oxygenated seawater and fluid-rock reactions contribute to the chemical signatures of diffuse venting and likely determine the geochemical constraints on microbial life. We examined the influence of fluid chemistry on microbial diversity and activity by sampling diffuse fluids emanating through mussel beds at two contrasting hydrothermal vents. The H(2) concentration was very low at the basalt-hosted Clueless site, and mixing models suggest O(2) availability throughout much of the habitat. In contrast, effluents from the ultramafic-hosted Quest site were considerably enriched in H(2) , while O(2) is likely limited to the mussel layer. Only two different hydrogenase genes were identified in clone libraries from the H(2) -poor Clueless fluids, but these fluids exhibited the highest H(2) uptake rates in H(2) -spiked incubations (oxic conditions, at 18 °C). In contrast, a phylogenetically diverse H(2) -oxidizing potential was associated with distinct thermal conditions in the H(2) -rich Quest fluids, but under oxic conditions, H(2) uptake rates were extremely low. Significant stimulation of CO(2) fixation rates by H(2) addition was solely illustrated in Quest incubations (P-value 〈0.02), but only in conjunction with anoxic conditions (at 18 °C). We conclude that the factors contributing toward differences in the diversity and activity of H(2) oxidizers at these sites include H(2) and O(2) availability.
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  • 4
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    Compounds associated with algal surfaces mediate epiphytic colonization of the marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 84 (2). pp. 411-420.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: The macroalga Fucus vesiculosus carries a specific community of surface bacteria. To identify chemical compounds that possibly mediate abundance and community composition of algae-associated bacteria, we tested the effect of surface-available algal compounds on bacterial settlement and community composition under field conditions. Compounds on algal thalli were separated from the surface by extraction with organic solvents and investigated on growth inhibition and settlement of bacterial isolates. Based on in vitro data, partially purified extract fractions were then exposed to bacterial colonizers in vivo followed by bacterial enumeration and community analysis. The polar fraction of the algal surface extract revealed a significant profouling effect for Vibrionales, whereas the nonpolar fraction containing the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin and other unidentified nonpolar surface compounds revealed a significant 80% reduction of surface colonizing bacteria. The analysis of bacterial surface communities by 454 pyrosequencing demonstrated that the antifouling activity of nonpolar algal surface compounds was targeting the abundance of natural bacterial colonizers rather than the relative composition of bacterial members within the community. Moreover, the bacterial community composition on F.vesiculosus was markedly different from artificial control substrates and chemically manipulated experimental treatments, suggesting that other, nonextractable surface features and/or physical properties render algal-specific epiphytic bacterial communities.
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  • 5
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    Legionella pneumophila: an aquatic microbe goes astray (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 26 (2). pp. 149-162.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Legionella pneumophila is naturally found in fresh water were the bacteria parasitize within protozoa. It also survives planctonically in water or biofilms. Upon aerosol formation via man-made water systems, L. pneumophila can enter the human lung and cause a severe form of pneumonia, called Legionnaires’ disease. The pathogenesis of Legionnaires’ disease is largely due to the ability of L. pneumophila to invade and grow within macrophages. An important characteristic of the intracellular survival strategy is the replication within the host vacuole that does not fuse with endosomes or lysosomes. In recent times a great number of bacterial virulence factors which affect growth of L. pneumophila in both macrophages and protozoa have been identified. The ongoing Legionella genome project and the use of genetically tractable surrogate hosts are expected to significantly contribute to the understanding of bacterium–host interactions and the regulation of virulence traits during the infection cycle. Since person-to-person transmission of legionellosis has never been observed, the measures for disease prevention have concentrated on eliminating the pathogen from water supplies. In this respect detection and analysis of Legionella in complex environmental consortia become increasingly important. With the availability of new molecular tools this area of applied research has gained new momentum.
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  • 6
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    GeoChip-based insights into the microbial functional gene repertoire of marine sponges (high microbial abundance, low microbial abundance) and seawater (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 90 (3). pp. 832-843.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The GeoChip 4.2 gene array was employed to interrogate the microbial functional gene repertoire of sponges and seawater collected from the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Complementary amplicon sequencing confirmed the microbial community composition characteristic of high microbial abundance (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. By use of GeoChip, altogether 20 273 probes encoding for 627 functional genes and representing 16 gene categories were identified. Minimum curvilinear embedding analyses revealed a clear separation between the samples. The HMA/LMA dichotomy was stronger than any possible geographic pattern, which is shown here for the first time on the level of functional genes. However, upon inspection of individual genes, very few specific differences were discernible. Differences were related to microbial ammonia oxidation, ammonification, and archaeal autotrophic carbon fixation (higher gene abundance in sponges over seawater) as well as denitrification and radiation-stress-related genes (lower gene abundance in sponges over seawater). Except for few documented specific differences the functional gene repertoire between the different sources appeared largely similar. This study expands previous reports in that functional gene convergence is not only reported between HMA and LMA sponges but also between sponges and seawater.
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  • 7
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    16S rRNA Gene-Based Identification of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Flavobacteriales: Flavobacteriaceae) as a Dominant Midgut Bacterium of the Asian Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi (Dipteria: Culicidae) With Antimicrobial Activities (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Medical Entomology, 50 (2). pp. 404-414.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Following their transmission from the human to the mosquito with the bloodmeal, malaria parasites have to persevere in the mosquito midgut for approximately 1 d. During this period the parasites are highly vulnerable to factors of the mosquito midgut, including bacteria. We here aimed at determining the microbial diversity of gut bacteria of the Asian malaria vector Anophebs stephensi (Liston) during development and under different feeding regimes, including feeds on malaria parasite-infected blood. 16S rRNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses demonstrated an increasing reduction in the microbial diversity during mosquito development from egg to adult and identified the gram-negative bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica King as the dominant species in the midgut of lab-reared male and female mosquitoes. E. meningoseptica is transmitted between generations and its predominance in the mosquito midgut was not altered by diet, when the gut microbiota was compared between sugar-fed and blood-fed female mosquitoes. Furthermore, feeds on blood infected with malaria parasites did not impact the presence of E. meningoseptica in the gut. Extracts from cultured E. meningoseptica were active against gram-positive and negative bacteria and yeast and against the blood and gametocyte transmission stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum Welch. The antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities of E. meningoseptica may account for its dominance in the midgut of the malaria vector.
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  • 8
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    The pathology of sponge orange band disease affecting the Caribbean barrel sponge Xestospongia muta (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 75 (2). pp. 218-230.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The aim of this study was to examine sponge orange band (SOB) disease affecting the prominent Caribbean sponge Xestospongia muta. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that SOB is accompanied by the massive destruction of the pinacoderm. Chlorophyll a content and the main secondary metabolites, tetrahydrofurans, characteristic of X. muta, were significantly lower in bleached than in healthy tissues. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using cyanobacteria-specific 16S rRNA gene primers revealed a distinct shift from the Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus clade of sponge symbionts towards several clades of unspecific cyanobacteria, including lineages associated with coral disease (i.e. Leptolyngbya sp.). Underwater infection experiments were conducted by transplanting bleached cores into healthy individuals, but revealed no signs of SOB development. This study provided no evidence for the involvement of a specific microbial pathogen as an etiologic agent of disease; hence, the cause of SOB disease in X. muta remains unidentified.
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  • 9
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    The long goodbye: the rise and fall of flavodoxin during plant evolution (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Experimental Botany, 65 (18). pp. 5161-5178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Ferredoxins are electron shuttles harbouring iron–sulfur clusters that connect multiple oxido-reductive pathways in organisms displaying different lifestyles. Some prokaryotes and algae express an isofunctional electron carrier, flavodoxin, which contains flavin mononucleotide as cofactor. Both proteins evolved in the anaerobic environment preceding the appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis. The advent of an oxygen-rich atmosphere proved detrimental to ferredoxin owing to iron limitation and oxidative damage to the iron–sulfur cluster, and many microorganisms induced flavodoxin expression to replace ferredoxin under stress conditions. Paradoxically, ferredoxin was maintained throughout the tree of life, whereas flavodoxin is absent from plants and animals. Of note is that flavodoxin expression in transgenic plants results in increased tolerance to multiple stresses and iron deficit, through mechanisms similar to those operating in microorganisms. Then, the question remains open as to why a trait that still confers plants such obvious adaptive benefits was not retained. We compare herein the properties of ferredoxin and flavodoxin, and their contrasting modes of expression in response to different environmental stimuli. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the flavodoxin gene was already absent in the algal lineages immediately preceding land plants. Geographical distribution of phototrophs shows a bias against flavodoxin-containing organisms in iron-rich coastal/freshwater habitats. Based on these observations, we propose that plants evolved from freshwater macroalgae that already lacked flavodoxin because they thrived in an iron-rich habitat with no need to back up ferredoxin functions and therefore no selective pressure to keep the flavodoxin gene. Conversely, ferredoxin retention in the plant lineage is probably related to its higher efficiency as an electron carrier, compared with flavodoxin. Several lines of evidence supporting these contentions are presented and discussed.
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  • 10
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    Phylogeny and distribution of the soxB gene among thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria (2001)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Letters, 197 . pp. 171-178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-05
    Description: A PCR protocol for the detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria based on soxB genes that are essential for thiosulfate oxidation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of various phylogenetic groups which use the 'Paracoccus sulfur oxidation' pathway was developed. Five degenerate primers were used to specifically amplify fragments of soxB genes from different sulfur-oxidizing bacteria previously shown to oxidize thiosulfate. The PCR yielded a soxB fragment of approximately 1000 bp from most of the bacteria. Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of soxB from reference strains as well as from new isolates and environmental DNA from a hydrothermal vent habitat in the North Fiji Basin were compared and used to infer relationships of soxB between sulfur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to various 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic groups. Major phylogenetic lines derived from 16S rDNA were confirmed by soxB phylogeny. Thiosulfate-oxidizing green sulfur bacteria formed a coherent group by their soxB sequences. Likewise, clearly separated branches demonstrated the distant relationship of representatives of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria including representative species of the former genus Thiobacillus (now Halothiobacillus - gamma-Proteobacteria, Thiobacillus - beta-Proteobacteria and Starkeya - alpha-Proteobacteria). This general picture emerged although apparent evidence for lateral transfer of the soxB gene is indicated and comparison of soxB phylogeny and 16S rDNA phylogeny points to the significance of this gene transfer in hydrothermal vent bacterial communities of the North Fiji Basin.
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  • 11
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    Unique communities of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in saline lakes of Salar de Atacama (Chile): evidence for a new phylogenetic lineage of phototrophic Gammaproteobacteria from pufLM gene analyses (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 74 (3). pp. 510-522.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Phototrophic bacteria are important primary producers of salt lakes in the Salar de Atacama and at times form visible mass developments within and on top of the lake sediments. The communities of phototrophic bacteria from two of these lakes were characterized by molecular genetic approaches using key genes for the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus in phototrophic purple bacteria (pufLM) and in green sulfur bacteria (fmoA). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the pufLM genes indicated high variability of the community composition between the two lakes and subsamples thereof. The communities were characterized by the dominance of a novel, so far undescribed lineage of pufLM containing bacteria and the presence of representatives related to known halophilic Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae. In addition, the presence of BChl b-containing anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and of aerobic anoxygenic bacteria was indicated. Green sulfur bacteria were not detected in the environmental samples, although a bacterium related to Prosthecochloris indicum was identified in an enrichment culture. This is the first comprehensive description of phototrophic bacterial communities in a salt lake of South America made possible only due to the application of the functional pufLM genes.
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  • 12
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    Effects of ocean acidification on nektonic organisms (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  In: Ocean Acidification. , ed. by Gattuso, J. P. and Hansson, L. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K, pp. 154-175.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    Elevated CO2 levels affect the activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase in the calcifying rhodophyte Corallina officinalis (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 (4). pp. 899-908.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: The concentration of CO2 in global surface ocean waters is increasing due to rising atmospheric CO2 emissions, resulting in lower pH and a lower saturation state of carbonate ions. Such changes in seawater chemistry are expected to impact calcification in calcifying marine organisms. However, other physiological processes related to calcification might also be affected, including enzyme activity. In a mesocosm experiment, macroalgal communities were exposed to three CO2 concentrations (380, 665, and 1486 µatm) to determine how the activity of two enzymes related to inorganic carbon uptake and nutrient assimilation in Corallina officinalis, an abundant calcifying rhodophyte, will be affected by elevated CO2 concentrations. The activity of external carbonic anhydrase, an important enzyme functioning in macroalgal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, was inversely related to CO2 concentration after long-term exposure (12 weeks). Nitrate reductase, the enzyme responsible for reduction of nitrate to nitrite, was stimulated by CO2 and was highest in algae grown at 665 µatm CO2. Nitrate and phosphate uptake rates were inversely related to CO2, while ammonium uptake was unaffected, and the percentage of inorganic carbon in the algal skeleton decreased with increasing CO2. The results indicate that the processes of inorganic carbon and nutrient uptake and assimilation are affected by elevated CO2 due to changes in enzyme activity, which change the energy balance and physiological status of C. officinalis, therefore affecting its competitive interactions with other macroalgae. The ecological implications of the physiological changes in C. officinalis in response to elevated CO2 are discussed.
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  • 14
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    Fragment recruitment on metabolic pathways: comparative metabolic profiling of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Bioinformatics, 29 (6). pp. 790-791.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The sheer scale of the metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets that are now available warrants the development of automated protocols for organizing, annotating and comparing the samples in terms of their metabolic profiles. We describe a user-friendly java program FROMP (Fragment Recruitment on Metabolic Pathways) for mapping and visualizing enzyme annotations onto the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways or custom-made pathways and comparing the samples in terms of their Pathway Completeness Scores,their relative Activity Scores or enzyme enrichment odds ratios. This program along with our fully-configurable PERL based annotation organization pipeline Meta2Pro (METAbolic PROfiling of META-omic data) offers a quick and accurate standalone solution for metabolic profiling of environmental samples or cultures from different treatments. Apart from pictorial comparisons, FROMP can also generate score matrices for multiple meta-omics samples which can be used directly by other statistical programs
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  • 15
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    A protective coat of microorganisms on macroalgae: inhibitory effects of bacterial biofilms and epibiotic microbial assemblages on barnacle attachment (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 81 (3). pp. 583-595.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Effects of epibiotic bacteria associated with macroalgae on barnacle larval attachment were investigated. Eight bacterial isolates obtained from samples of three macroalga species were cultured as monospecies bacterial films and tested for their activity against barnacle (Amphibalanus improvisus) attachment in field experiments (Western Baltic Sea). Furthermore, natural biofilm communities associated with the surface of the local brown alga, Fucus vesiculosus, which were exposed to different temperatures (5, 15 and 20 °C), were harvested and subsequently tested. Generally, monospecies bacterial biofilms, as well as natural microbial assemblages, inhibited barnacle attachment by 20-67%. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints showed that temperature treatment shifted the bacterial community composition and weakened the repellent effects at 20 °C. Repellent effects were absent when settlement pressure of cyprids was high. Nonviable bacteria tended to repel cyprids when compared to the unfilmed surfaces. We conclude that biofilms can have a repellent effect benefiting the host by preventing heavy fouling on its surface. However, severe settlement pressure, as well as stressful temperature, may reduce the protective effects of the alga's biofilm. Our results add to the notion that the performance of F. vesiculosus may be reduced by multiple stressors in the course of global warming.
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  • 16
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    Effects of Ocean Acidification on Pelagic Organisms and Ecosystems (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  In: Ocean Acidification. , ed. by Gattuso, J. P. and Hansson, L. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 99-121.
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 17
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    The Impact of Data Assimilation on ENSO Simulations and Predictions (1997)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  Monthly Weather Review, 125 (5). pp. 819-830.
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: In this study, the impact of oceanic data assimilation on ENSO simulations and predictions is investigated. The authors’ main objective is to compare the impact of the assimilation of sea level observations and three-dimensional temperature measurements relative to each other. Three experiments were performed. In a control run the ocean model was forced with observed winds only, and in two assimilation runs three-dimensional temperatures and sea levels were assimilated one by one. The root-mean-square differences between the model solution and observations were computed and heat content anomalies of the upper 275 m compared to each other. Three ensembles of ENSO forecasts were performed additionally to investigate the impact of data assimilation on ENSO predictions. In a control ensemble a hybrid coupled ocean–atmosphere model was initialized with observed winds only, while either three-dimensional temperatures or sea level data were assimilated during the initialization phase in two additional forecast ensembles. The predicted sea surface temperature anomalies were averaged over the eastern equatorial Pacific and compared to observations. Two different objective skill measures were computed to evaluate the impact of data assimilation on ENSO forecasts. The authors’ experiments indicate that sea level observations contain useful information and that this information can be inserted successfully into an oceanic general circulation model. It is inferred from the forecast ensembles that the benefit of sea level and temperature assimilation is comparable. However, the positive impact of sea level assimilation could be shown more clearly when the forecasted temperature differences rather than the temperature anomalies themselves were compared with observations.
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  • 18
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    Communities of purple sulfur bacteria in a Baltic Sea coastal lagoon analyzed by pufLM gene libraries and the impact of temperature and NaCl concentration in experimental enrichment cultures (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 78 (3). pp. 428-438.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Shallow coastal waters, where phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) regularly form massive blooms, are subjected to massive diurnal and event-driven changes of physicochemical conditions including temperature and salinity. To analyze the ability of PSB to cope with these environmental factors and to compete in complex communities we have studied changes of the environmental community of PSB of a Baltic Sea lagoon under experimental enrichment conditions with controlled variation of temperature and NaCl concentration. For the first time, changes within a community of PSB were specifically analyzed using the photosynthetic reaction center genes pufL and M by RFLP and cloning experiments. The most abundant PSB phylotypes in the habitat were found along the NaCl gradient from freshwater conditions up to 7.5% NaCl. They were accompanied by smaller numbers of purple nonsulfur bacteria and aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Major components of the PSB community of the brackish lagoon were affiliated to PSB genera and species known as marine, halophilic or salt-tolerant, including species of Marichromatium, Halochromatium, Thiorhodococcus, Allochromatium, Thiocapsa, Thiorhodovibrio, and Thiohalocapsa. A dramatic shift occurred at elevated temperatures of 41 and 44°C when Marichromatium gracile became most prominent which was not detected at lower temperatures.
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  • 19
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    Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the earth system (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  In: Ocean Acidification. , ed. by Gattuso, J. P. and Hansson, L. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 230-248. ISBN 978-0-19-959109-1
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-06
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  • 20
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    The Seasonal Cycle over the Tropical Pacific in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Models (1995)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  Monthly Weather Review, 123 (9). pp. 2825-2838.
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific simulated by 11 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs) is examined. Each model consists of a high-resolution ocean GCM of either the tropical Pacific or near-global means coupled to a moderate- or high-resolution atmospheric GCM, without the use of flux correction. The seasonal behavior of sea surface temperature (SST) and eastern Pacific rainfall is presented for each model. The results show that current state-of-the-art coupled GCMs share important successes and troublesome systematic errors. All 11 models are able to simulate the mean zonal gradient in SST at the equator over the central Pacific. The simulated equatorial cold tongue generally tends to be too strong, too narrow, and extend too far west. SSTs are generally too warm in a broad region west of Peru and in a band near 10°S. This is accompanied in some models by a double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) straddling the equator over the eastern Pacific, and in others by an ITCZ that migrates across the equator with the seasons; neither behavior is realistic. There is considerable spread in the simulated seasonal cycles of equatorial SST in the eastern Pacific. Some simulations do capture the annual harmonic quite realistically, although the seasonal cold tongue tends to appear prematurely. Others overestimate the amplitude of the semiannual harmonic. Nonetheless, the results constitute a marked improvement over the simulations of only a few years ago when serious climate drift was still widespread and simulated zonal gradients of SST along the equator were often very weak.
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  • 21
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    Unique clusters of Archaea in Salar de Huasco, an athalassohaline evaporitic basin of the Chilean Altiplano (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 73 (2). pp. 291-302.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Analyses of clone libraries from water and sediments of different sites from Salar de Huasco, a high-altitude athalassohaline wetland in the Chilean Altiplano, revealed the presence of five unique clusters of uncultured Archaea that have not been previously reported or specifically assigned. These sequences were distantly related (83–96% sequence identity) to a limited number of other clone sequences and revealed no identity to cultured Archaea. The abundance of Archaea and Bacteria was estimated using qPCR and community composition was examined through the construction of clone libraries of archaeal 16S rRNA gene. Archaea were found to be dominant over Bacteria in sediments from two saline sites (sites H4: 6.31 × 104 and site H6: 1.37 × 104 μS cm−1) and in one of the water samples (freshwater from site H0: 607 μS cm−1). Euryarchaeotal sequences were more abundant than crenarchaeotal sequences. Many of the clone sequences (52%) were similar to uncultured archaeal groups found in marine ecosystems having identity values between 99% and 97%. A major fraction of the sequences (40%) were members of Methanobacteria, while others were included in the Marine Benthic Groups B and D, the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, the Terrestrial Miscellaneous Euryarchaeotal Group, Marine Group I and Halobacteria. The presence of uncultured archaeal groups in Salar de Huasco extends their known distribution in inland waters, providing new clues about their possible function in the environment.
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  • 22
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    Functional genes as markers for sulfur cycling and CO2 fixation in microbial communities of hydrothermal vents of the Logatchev field (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 73 (3). pp. 526-537.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Life at deep-sea hydrothermal vents depends on chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers mediating the transfer of energy from hydrothermal fluids to higher trophic levels. A comprehensive molecular survey was performed with microbial communities in a mussel patch at the Irina II site of the Logatchev hydrothermal field by combining the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with studies of functional key genes involved in biochemical pathways of sulfur oxidation–reduction (soxB, aprA) and autotrophic carbon fixation (aclB, cbbM, cbbL). Most significantly, major groups of chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers in the diffuse fluids differed in their biosynthetic pathways of both carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation. One important component of the community, the Epsilonproteobacteria, has the potential to grow chemoautotrophically by means of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and to gain energy through the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds using the Sox pathway. The majority of soxB and all retrieved aclB gene sequences were assigned to this group. Another important group in this habitat, the Gammaproteobacteria, may use the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate pathway and the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, deduced from the presence of aprA and cbbM genes. Hence, two important groups of primary producers at the investigated site might use different pathways for sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation.
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  • 23
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    Effects of Ocean Acidification on Pelagic Organisms and Ecosystems (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  In: Ocean Acidification. , ed. by Gattuso, J. P. and Hansson, L. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 291-311.
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 24
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    rRNA-based profiling of bacteria in the axilla of healthy males suggests right-left asymmetry in bacterial activity (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 77 (1). pp. 146-153.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: The activity of the human armpit microbiota triggers the formation of body odor. We used differential 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)- and rRNA-based terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting in combination with cloning and sequencing to identify active members of the human armpit microbiota. DNA and RNA were isolated from skin scrub samples taken from both armpits of 10 preconditioned, healthy males. The fingerprint profiles indicated pronounced similarities between the armpit microbiota in the right and the left axillae of an individual test person, but larger differences between the axilla microbiota of different individuals. Using 16S rDNA and rRNA sequence data, the majority of peaks in the armpit profiles were assigned to bacteria affiliated with well-known genera of skin bacteria. The relative abundances of all groups were similar among the rDNA and rRNA samples, suggesting that all groups of armpit bacteria were active. Surprisingly, the relative abundance of sequences affiliated with Peptoniphilus sp. was by far and with statistical significance the highest in the rRNA samples of the right armpits. Thus, bacteria affiliated with Peptoniphilus sp. might have been particularly active in the right axillae of the test persons, possibly owing to the handedness of the test persons, which might cause different environmental conditions in the right axillae.
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  • 25
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    Seasonal variability of the gelatinous carnivore zooplankton community in Northern Taiwan (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 35 (3). pp. 677-683.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-22
    Description: We investigated the gelatinous carnivore zooplankton community in the coastal waters of northeast Taiwan during the period 20072010. The community assemblage was composed of 45 species, of which only 14 appeared recurrent in Taiwanese waters. Although there was no clear seasonality, higher richness and abundances occurred in spring and autumn. Examination of potential physical drivers of coastal biomass accumulation did not show any link with water mass transport; instead, peak events were associated with typhoon disturbances, suggesting a potential resource pulse effect.
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  • 26
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    A Comparative Stability Analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Nino Modes (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  Journal of Climate, 26 (16). pp. 5965-5980.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the analogous Atlantic Niño mode are generated by processes involving coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions known as the Bjerknes feedback. It has been argued that the Atlantic Niño mode is more strongly damped than ENSO, which is presumed to be closer to neutrally stable. In this study the stability of ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode is compared via an analysis of the Bjerknes stability index. This index is based on recharge oscillator theory and can be interpreted as the growth rate for coupled modes of ocean–atmosphere variability. Using observational data, an ocean reanalysis product, and output from an ocean general circulation model, the individual terms of the Bjerknes index are calculated for the first time for the Atlantic and then compared to results for the Pacific. Positive thermocline feedbacks in response to wind stress forcing favor anomaly growth in both basins, but they are twice as large in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic. Thermocline feedback is related to the fetch of the zonal winds, which is much greater in the equatorial Pacific than in the equatorial Atlantic due to larger basin size. Negative feedbacks are dominated by thermal damping of sea surface temperature anomalies in both basins. Overall, it is found that both ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode are damped oscillators, but the Atlantic is more strongly damped than the Pacific primarily because of the weaker thermocline feedback.
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  • 27
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    Ocean acidification alleviates low-temperature effects on growth and photosynthesis of the red alga Neosiphonia harveyi (Rhodophyta) (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 (18). pp. 5587-5597.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: This study aimed to examine interactive effects between ocean acidification and temperature on the photosynthetic and growth performance of Neosiphonia harveyi. N. harveyi was cultivated at 10 and 17.5 °C at present (~380 µatm), expected future (~800 µatm), and high (~1500 µatm) pCO2. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, net photosynthesis, and growth were measured. The state of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) was examined by pH-drift experiments (with algae cultivated at 10 °C only) using ethoxyzolamide, an inhibitor of external and internal carbonic anhydrases (exCA and intCA, respectively). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide (an inhibitor of exCA) and Tris (an inhibitor of the acidification of the diffusive boundary layer) on net photosynthesis was measured at both temperatures. Temperature affected photosynthesis (in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, light saturation point, and net photosynthesis) and growth at present pCO2, but these effects decreased with increasing pCO2. The relevance of the CCM decreased at 10 °C. A pCO2 effect on the CCM could only be shown if intCA and exCA were inhibited. The experiments demonstrate for the first time interactions between ocean acidification and temperature on the performance of a non-calcifying macroalga and show that the effects of low temperature on photosynthesis can be alleviated by increasing pCO2. The findings indicate that the carbon acquisition mediated by exCA and acidification of the diffusive boundary layer decrease at low temperatures but are not affected by the cultivation level of pCO2, whereas the activity of intCA is affected by pCO2. Ecologically, the findings suggest that ocean acidification might affect the biogeographical distribution of N. harveyi.
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  • 28
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    Functional gene surveys from ocean drilling expeditions - a review and perspective (2013)
    Federation of European Microbiological Societies | Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 84 (1). pp. 1-23.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The vast majority of microbes inhabiting the subseafloor remain uncultivated and their energy sources unknown. Thus, a focus of ocean drilling expeditions over the past decade has been to characterize the distribution of microbes associated with specific metabolic reactions. An important question has been whether microbes involved in key microbial processes, such as sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, differ fundamentally from their counterparts in surface environments. To this end, functional genes of anaerobic methane cycling (mcrA), sulfate reduction (dsrAB), acetogenesis (fhs), and dehalorespiration (rdhA) have been examined. A compilation of existing functional gene data suggests that subseafloor microbes involved in anaerobic methane cycling, sulfate reduction, acetogenesis, and dehalorespiration are not fundamentally different from their counterparts in the surface world. Moreover, quantifications of mcrA and dsrAB suggest that, unless the majority of subseafloor microbes involved in methane cycling and sulfate reduction are too genetically divergent to be detected with conventional methods, these processes only support a small fraction (〈 1%) of total microbial biomass in the deep biosphere. Ecological explanations for the observed trends, target processes and methods for future investigations, and strategies for tackling the unresolved issue of microbial contamination in samples obtained by ocean drilling are discussed.
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  • 29
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    Salinity affects compositional traits of epibacterial communities on the brown macroalgaFucus vesiculosus (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 88 (2). pp. 272-279.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Epibiotic biofilms have the potential to control major aspects of the biology and ecology of their hosts. Their composition and function may thus be essential for the health of the host. We tested the influence of salinity on the composition of epibacterial communities associated with the brown macroalga Fucus vesiculosus. Algal individuals were incubated at three salinities (5, 19, and 25) for 14days and nonliving reference substrata (stones) were included in the experiment. Subsequently, the composition of their surface-associated bacterial communities was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Redundancy analysis revealed that the composition of epiphytic and epilithic communities significantly differed and were both affected by salinity. We found that 5% of 2494 epiphytic operational taxonomic units at 97% sequence similarity were responsible for the observed shifts. Epibacterial -diversity was significantly lower at salinity 5 but did not differ between substrata. Our results indicate that salinity is an important factor in structuring alga-associated epibacterial communities with respect to composition and/or diversity. Whether direct or indirect mechanisms (via altered biotic interactions) may have been responsible for the observed shifts is discussed.
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  • 30
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    Quantification of bacterial and archaeal symbionts in high and low microbial abundance sponges using real-time PCR (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 89 (3). pp. 679-690.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-10
    Description: In spite of considerable insights into the microbial diversity of marine sponges, quantitative information on microbial abundances and community composition remains scarce. Here, we established qPCR assays for the specific quantification of four bacterial phyla of representative sponge symbionts as well as the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaea. We could show that the 16S rRNA gene numbers of Archaea, Chloroflexi, and the candidate phylum Poribacteria were 4–6 orders of magnitude higher in high microbial abundance (HMA) than in low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges and that actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene numbers were 1–2 orders higher in HMA over LMA sponges, while those for Cyanobacteria were stable between HMA and LMA sponges. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of Aplysina aerophoba tissue sections confirmed the numerical dominance of Chloroflexi, which was followed by Poribacteria. Archaeal and actinobacterial cells were detected in much lower numbers. By use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting as a primer- and probe-independent approach, the dominance of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Poribacteria in A. aerophoba was confirmed. Our study provides new quantitative insights into the microbiology of sponges and contributes to a better understanding of the HMA/LMA dichotomy.
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  • 31
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    The mixed lineage nature of nitrogen transport and assimilation in marine eukaryotic phytoplankton: A case study of Micromonas (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27 (10). pp. 2268-2283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: The prasinophyte order Mamiellales contains several widespread marine picophytoplankton (≤2 μm diameter) taxa, including Micromonas and Ostreococcus. Complete genome sequences are available for two Micromonas isolates, CCMP1545 and RCC299. We performed in silico analyses of nitrogen transporters and related assimilation genes in CCMP1545 and RCC299 and compared these with other green lineage organisms as well as Chromalveolata, fungi, bacteria, and archaea. Phylogenetic reconstructions of ammonium transporter (AMT) genes revealed divergent types contained within each Mamiellales genome. Some were affiliated with plant and green algal AMT1 genes and others with bacterial AMT2 genes. Land plant AMT2 genes were phylogenetically closer to archaeal transporters than to Mamiellales AMT2 genes. The Mamiellales represent the first green algal genomes to harbor AMT2 genes, which are not found in Chlorella and Chlamydomonas or the chromalveolate algae analyzed but are present in oomycetes. Fewer nitrate transporter (NRT) than AMT genes were identified in the Mamiellales. NRT1 was found in all but CCMP1545 and showed highest similarity to Mamiellales and proteobacterial NRTs. NRT2 genes formed a bootstrap-supported clade basal to other green lineage organisms. Several nitrogen-related genes were colocated, forming a nitrogen gene cluster. Overall, RCC299 showed the most divergent suite of nitrogen transporters within the various Mamiellales genomes, and we developed TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction primer-probes targeting a subset of these, as well as housekeeping genes, in RCC299. All those investigated showed expression either under standard growth conditions or under nitrogen depletion. Like other recent publications, our findings show a higher degree of "mixed lineage gene affiliations" among eukaryotes than anticipated, and even the most phylogenetically anomalous versions appear to be functional. Nitrogen is often considered a regulating factor for phytoplankton populations. This study provides a springboard for exploring the use and functional diversification of inorganic nitrogen transporters and related genes in eukaryotic phytoplankton. © 2010 The Author.
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  • 32
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    Evidence for the Retention of Two Evolutionary Distinct Plastids in Dinoflagellates with Diatom Endosymbionts (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Genome Biology and Evolution, 6 (9). pp. 2321-2334.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-10
    Description: Dinoflagellates harboring diatom endosymbionts (termed “dinotoms”) have undergone a process often referred to as “tertiary endosymbiosis”—the uptake of algae containing secondary plastids and integration of those plastids into the new host. In contrast to other tertiary plastids, and most secondary plastids, the endosymbiont of dinotoms is distinctly less reduced, retaining a number of cellular features, such as their nucleus and mitochondria and others, in addition to their plastid. This has resulted in redundancy between host and endosymbiont, at least between some mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolism, where this has been investigated. The question of plastidial redundancy is particularly interesting as the fate of the host dinoflagellate plastid is unclear. The host cytosol possesses an eyespot that has been postulated to be a remnant of the ancestral peridinin plastid, but this has not been tested, nor has its possible retention of plastid functions. To investigate this possibility, we searched for plastid-associated pathways and functions in transcriptomic data sets from three dinotom species. We show that the dinoflagellate host has indeed retained genes for plastid-associated pathways and that these genes encode targeting peptides similar to those of other dinoflagellate plastid-targeted proteins. Moreover, we also identified one gene encoding an essential component of the dinoflagellate plastid protein import machinery, altogether suggesting the presence of a functioning plastid import system in the host, and by extension a relict plastid. The presence of the same plastid-associated pathways in the endosymbiont also extends the known functional redundancy in dinotoms, further confirming the unusual state of plastid integration in this group of dinoflagellates.
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  • 33
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    The Role of Mountains and Plateaus in a Triassic Climate Model (1998)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  In: Tectonic Boundary Conditions for Climate Reconstructions. , ed. by Crowley, T. J. and Burke, K. C. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, 39 . Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 116-143. ISBN 0-19-511245-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 34
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    Reproductive cycle of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (L.) in the northern part of the bay of Biscay (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 63 . pp. 19-28.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-16
    Description: The sexual cycle of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, from the northern part of the Bay of Biscay was followed over several years (1988 to 1990 and 1992 to 1993). Sucessive maturity stages are reached at the same time regardless of site in the northern part of the Bay. In this area, the majority of cuttlefish reproduce during their second year of life (group II) whereas the remainder reproduce in their first year (group I). The first visible signs of sexual development concern the testis in males and the genital tract in females. Males mature earlier than females: the first spermatophores appear in July (group II) and October (group I) while mature eggs appear from December (group II) and March (group I). The breeding season lasts from about mid-March to late June (3.5 months).
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  • 35
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    Age and growth of planktonic squids Cranchia scabra and Licoranchia reinhardti (Cephalopoda, Cranchiidae) in epipelagic waters of the central-east Atlantic (1996)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 18 (9). pp. 1675-1683.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: Statolith microstructure was studied in two abundant planktonic cranchiids, Cranchia scabra (56 specimens, 38-127mm mantle lengh, ML) and Liocranchia reinhardti (34 specimens, 99-205mm ML) sampled in epipelagic waters of the western part of the Gulf of Guinea (tropical Atlantic). Growth increments were revealed in ground statoliths of both species. It was possible to distinguish two growth zones in statolith microstructure by their colour in reflected light of the microscope: the translucent postnuclear zone and pale white opaque zone. Assuming that growth increments in statoliths were produced daily, ages of the largest immature C. scabra and L. reinhardti were 166 and 146 days, respectively. Both cranchiids are fast-growing squids with growth rates in length resembling those of juveniles of tropical ommastrephids and Thysanoteuthis rhombus. Liocranchia reinhardti grows faster: its growth rate in ML is approximately twice that of same-aged C. scabra. The life cycle of both cranchiids consists of two phases. During their epipelagic phase, C. scabra and L. reinhardti feed and grow rapidly from paralarvae to immature young in the epipelagic waters, attaining 120-130 and 170-200 mm ML by ages of 4-5 months, respectively. Then they change their life style to a deepwater phase.
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  • 36
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    Cladistic analysis of the octopods based on anatomical characters (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 63 (3). pp. 311-325.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-19
    Description: Parsimony analysis of 29 finned and finless octopod taxa considered 66 anatomical and morphological characters to discover synapomorphies that unite monophyletic groups. The resultant cladogram (177 equally parsimonious trees at 191 steps, CI 0.429) resolved all relationships except those among the 16 exemplars of the Octopodidae included and those among Tremoctopus, Ocythoe and Argonauta. Bootstrap values of over 90% support the monophyly of the finned and finless octopods, relationships among the finned octopods, the bolitaenids and the monophyly of Haliphron, Tremoctopus, Ocythoe and Argonauta; bootstrap values for other nodes range from 57 to 79%. Among finned octopods, specimens representing Grimpoteuthis are basal, as Voss (1988a) suggested. Specimens of Opisthoteuthis represent a distinct lineage, and are sister taxon, in this analysis, of Cirroteuthis (although specimens of Stauroteuthis could not be included). New definitions of the genera Opisthoteuthis and Grimpoteuthis are provided to reflect their separate evolutionary histories rather than their overt morphological similarity. Among finless octopods, bolitaenids are basal. The monophyletic Octopodidae is the sister taxon to the clade containing the sister taxa Vitreledonella and Amphitretus, and Haliphron, Tremoctopus, Ocythoe and Argonauta. The Ctenoglossa and Heteroglossa, families grouped by shared radular dentition, are diphyletic and paraphyletic, respectively. The cladistic relationships demonstrate that both the Vitrele-donellidae and Idioctopodidae are junior synonyms of the Amphitretidae; despite conspicuous morphological differences separating these taxa, they share a recent evolutionary history.
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  • 37
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    Distribution and abundance of the fished population ofLoligo forbesiin Scottish waters: analysis of research cruise data (1998)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 55 (1). pp. 14-33.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Length-frequency data on squid (Loligo forbesi) collected during trawling surveys in Scottish waters from 1980 to 1994 were analysed to describe temporal and spatial patterns in abundance and to examine the prospects for using survey abundance to forecast fishery abundance. Loligo was patchily distributed in space and time. Distribution patterns in the North Sea in February appeared to be strongly related to bottom temperature (squid avoided waters 〈7°C) and, to a lesser extent, salinity (more squid in more saline water). For other areas and times, no temperature or salinity data were available, but there were trends for squid on the west coast to be more abundant in westerly areas and higher latitudes, and for squid at Rockall to be more abundant in shallow water. Inter-annual trends in abundance differed between the North Sea, west coast and Rockall, but average survey abundances for the North Sea and west coast tended to be positively correlated. For the North Sea and west coast, survey abundance was positively correlated with fishery abundance for the same month and area, and average abundance for the February North Sea survey was a reasonable predictor of commercial CPUE in the autumn of the same year (the peak of the fishery). Some of the observed trends were consistent with the existence of a stock-recruitment relationship but may indicate that abundance in a given calendar year is linked to climatic factors.
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  • 38
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    Statolith shape and microstructure in studies of systematics, age and growth in planktonic paralarvae of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) from the western Bering Sea (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 19 (12). pp. 1993-2030.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: The microstructure, morphology and ontogenetic development of statoliths and age and growth of 405 planktonic paralarvae and 117 juveniles belonging to 10 species of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) were studied in the region of the continental slope in the western part of the Bering Sea (57°00′–61°30′N, 163°00′E–179°20′W). The statolith microstructure of all species was characterized by the presence of a large droplet-shaped nucleus and bipartite postnuclear zone divided into two by the first stress check, except for Berryteuthis magister which had only one stress check and an undivided postnuclear zone. In Gonatus spp., completion of development of the postnuclear zone coincided with full development of the central hook on the tentacular club. Daily periodicity of statolith growth increments was validated by maintaining 13 paralarvae of the four most abundant species in captivity. All species might be subdivided into two groups based on statolith microstructure, i.e. species with a central position of the nucleus within the first statolith check (Gonatopsis spp., Egonatus tinro and B.magister) and species with the nucleus shifted to the inner side of the first statolith check (Gonatus spp.). Comparative analysis of statolith morphology showed that paralarval statoliths have species-specific characters that allowed the construction of keys to identify species of gonatid paralarvae based on their statoliths. Analysis of paralarval growth using statoliths revealed that these cold-water planktonic gonatid paralarvae have fast growth rates, attaining a mantle length of 7–10 mm at 15–20 days and 20–25 mm at 35–70 days.
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  • 39
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    Aspects of the biology of the giant form of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Arabian Sea (1998)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64 (1). pp. 21-34.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: An investigation was carried out on the recently discovered ‘giant’ extra large (XL) form of the squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis from the Arabian Sea. The sample consisted of 2 males, which have not been previously described, and 13 females. Diet composition, parasite loading, sucker ring dentition, biolumi-nescence and sexual dimorphism were examined and compared to known parameters of the medium (M) form. Reproductive strategy, potential fecundity, egg size distribution in the ovary and oviducts were examined in mature XL females. Evidence of multiple spawning in the giant form was also investigated. Overall body shape, bioluminescent structures and coloration of the giant form were similar to the M form, though the XL form had a smaller fin angle than the M form. The mature female XL form has a dorsal mantle length about twice that of a mature female M form. Adult females of the XL form have a dorsal mantle length about twice that of adult males of the same form. Differences between males and females were found in arm sucker ring dentition and parasite load, suggesting a difference in diet. This could be linked to size differences between the sexes. A strong correlation between ovary mass and mantle length was found (r2 = 0.64). Poor correlation was found between mantle length and oviduct mass (r2 = 0.128) and potential fecundity (r2 = 0.07). Potential fecundity ranged between 2–5 million eggs and the holding capacity of the oviducts was approximately 300, 000 eggs. This combined with the presence of spermatangia and the presence of food in the stomach suggest that the XL form is a multiple spawner. S. oualaniensis appears to have a plastic phenotype and has adapted to the Arabian Sea conditions by evolving the capacity to grow to a giant size.
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  • 40
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    Planktonic egg masses of the diamond-shaped squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus in the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 24 (4). pp. 333-338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Eight planktonic egg masses of the diamond-shaped Thysanoteuthis rhombus observed from 1995 to 2000 are described. Four were found in the western Mediterranean and the others were found off the Canary Islands. The egg masses from the Canary Islands are the first records for the eastern Atlantic. All were found near the surface at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. The planktonic egg masses were dense, resilient oblong cylinders with rounded tips ranging from 80 to 130 cm in length and between 15 and 20 cm in diameter. Egg capsule dimensions ranged from 2.8 to 3.4 mm and total length of the newly hatched paralarvae was between 2.5 and 2.8 mm. Each egg mass contained an estimated 24 100–43 800 eggs. Some new characters that should help identification of the paralarvae, such as arm formulae, presence of an incipient keel-shaped membrane on some arms, and the type and chromatophore pattern are given. Ecological factors influencing the presence and distribution of these egg masses are discussed.
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  • 41
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    Voyage of the argonauts in the pelagic realm: physiological and behavioural ecology of the rare paper nautilus, Argonauta nouryi (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67 (7). pp. 1494-1500.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-25
    Description: The metabolic demands of a rare paper nautilus, Argonauta nouryi, in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) are evaluated. After adjusting for temperature and size, the rates of oxygen consumption and of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic potential (as evidenced by citrate synthase and octopine dehydrogenase activities, respectively) of A. nouryi were much higher than those in holopelagic octopods that exhibit float-and-wait predation strategies. In fact, the rates were similar to those found in small epipelagic squids and benthic octopods. The critical oxygen partial pressure was 4.9 kPa at 20°C, suggesting that the strong oxygen minimum layer found at intermediate depths in the ETP may constrain the vertical distribution of A. nouryi to the upper few metres of the water column. We also report the occurrence of a chain of shelled females at the surface, in which each animal was attached, as if on the benthos, to the next individual in the chain. Although it may constitute an effective strategy to increase the rates of mate encounter in the vast open ocean, there may be an important ecological trade-off for such behaviour, namely the increase in visibility at the surface with concomitant attraction of predators.
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  • 42
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    Age of the micronektonic squid Pterygioteuthis gemmata (Cephalopoda: Pyroteuthidae) from the central-east Atlantic based on statolith growth increments (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 63 (2). pp. 287-290.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
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  • 43
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    Prey and feeding patterns of resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida (1998)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Mammalogy, 79 (3). pp. 1045-1059.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Stomach contents of a resident community of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Sarasota Bay area of the westcentral coast of Florida were studied to examine potential factors leading to patterns of habitat use. Composition and size of prey were analyzed and correlated with feeding behavior of individual dolphins of known histories. Examination of stomach contents of 16 stranded dolphins revealed a diet composed exclusively of fish (15 species), most of which were associated with seagrasses in varying degrees. Observational records for 21 years showed that feeding typically occurred in shallow (2–3 m) waters and in the vicinity of seagrasses in 23% of cases. Dolphins usually fed alone or in small groups and on non-obligate schooling prey. The main species of prey were soniferous, an indication that passive listening may be important in detection of prey. The close agreement between species of fishes represented in stomach contents and habitat of prey, as indicated by observations of feeding, suggests that analysis of stomach contents is a reasonable approach for studying prey and feeding patterns of dolphins. Meadows of seagrass are one of the habitats of importance to dolphins in the Sarasota Bay area, and their protection is important for conservation of these animals.
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  • 44
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    Functional morphology, ecology, and evolution of the Scaphitaceae Gill, 1871 (cephalopoda) (2000)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 66 (2). pp. 205-216.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Scaphitids are heteromorph ammonites exhibiting morphological trends counter to of those of the other main heteromorph ammonite groups. These trends include the shortening of the body chamber, lateral compression of the whorl, closure of the coil, and more regular, spiral coiling. Scaphitid-like morphologies may have appeared in other heteromorphs, but the Scaphitaceae are monophyletic. The most primitive scaphitids are known from the Albian, but an important radiation occurred in the Western Interior Seaway of North America from the Santonian to Maastrichtian, some of which spread to the Old World. The scaphitid morphology is consistent with improved swimming abilities, but scaphitids remained associated with the seafloor and are best considered to have been nektobenthos similar to modern nautiluses.
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  • 45
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    Deep-ocean predation by a high Arctic cetacean (2004)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61 (3). pp. 430-440.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-03
    Description: A bioenergetic model for two narwhal (Monodon monoceros) sub-populations was developed to quantify daily gross energy requirements and estimate the biomass of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) needed to sustain the sub-populations for their 5-month stay on wintering grounds in Baffin Bay. Whales in two separate wintering grounds were estimated to require 700 tonnes (s.e. 300) and 90 tonnes (s.e. 40) of Greenland halibut per day, assuming a diet of 50% Greenland halibut. Mean densities and length distributions of Greenland halibut inside and outside of the narwhal wintering grounds were correlated with predicted whale predation levels based on diving behavior. The difference in Greenland halibut biomass between an area with high predation and a comparable area without whales, approximately 19 000 tonnes, corresponded well with the predicted biomass removed by the narwhal sub-population on a diet of 50–75% Greenland halibut.
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  • 46
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    Spatial and temporal variability in the foraging areas of breeding King Penguins (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  The Condor, 104 (3). pp. 528-537.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-30
    Description: King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) from breeding islands in the Indian Ocean (Crozet and Kerguelen Islands) and the Atlantic Ocean (South Georgia and Falkland Islands) were equipped with global location sensors to compare their foraging patterns during different times of the year. In summer, all birds investigated traveled toward the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), irrespective of whether they bred to the north (Crozet Islands, Falkland Islands), within (Kerguelen Islands) or to the south (South Georgia) of this hydrographic feature. Whereas most birds remained north of the APF and foraged in waters of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, some penguins also traveled, or remained (South Georgia), south of the APF and foraged in Antarctic waters. It appeared that food resources in the vicinity of the APF were sufficiently predictable to warrant travel of several hundred km by King Penguins for foraging. Data collected on the winter distribution of King Penguins indicated at least two different foraging strategies. Birds from the oceanic Crozet Islands foraged beyond the APF in the Antarctic waters, whereas birds from the Falkland Islands relied also on the resources provided by the highly diverse and productive slope of the Patagonian Shelf. However, despite these differences, in both cases minimum distances of sometimes more than 10 000 km were covered. Further research on the foraging habitats of King Penguins over the entire breeding season and the temporal and spatial changes of oceanographic features is necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture on the variability in the foraging ranges of King Penguins.
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  • 47
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    Changes in mantle muscle structure associated with growth and reproduction in the tropical squid Photololigo sp. (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) (1997)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 63 (2). pp. 290-293.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-03
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  • 48
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    Growth and maturation in two successive seasonal groups of the short-finned squid, Illex coindetiifrom the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean) (2000)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57 (1). pp. 31-41.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Age and growth rates of the Mediterranean short-finned squid Illex coindetii (Ommastrephidae) were studied using statoliths from 704 specimens collected during trawl surveys within the Strait of Sicily in April and October–November 1995. In both samples, almost the whole ontogenetic spectrum was present, from juveniles to spent adults. Most of the squid captured in April had hatched between October and December 1994 (autumn–winter hatched group, AW), whereas most captured in October–November had hatched between May and July 1995 with a peak in June (spring–summer hatched group, SS). Age of the AW squid did not exceed 240 days (mainly 200–210 d), while that of the SS squid did not exceed 191 days (mainly 170–180 d). Growth in length and weight was best described by the logistic growth function. In both groups, daily growth rates (DGR) of males decreased at younger ages than in females, and sexual dimorphism in sizes (females larger than males) became evident in maturing and mature adults. The AW squids grew rather slowly during their juvenile and immature phases, which occurred in cool winter and spring seasons. They were characterized by a maximum DGR in mantle length (ML) and body weight (BW) at old ages, a prolonged period of maturation and old ages of mature specimens. AW squids attained large sizes and spawned at ages of 6–7 months in spring–summer. Their progeny (SS group) grew rapidly during the warm summer and autumn seasons and achieved their maximum DGR in ML and BW at younger ages than their AW predecessors. However, their younger age at maturation (5–6 months) reduced their somatic growth during the late ontogenetic stages, resulting in rather small sizes at maturity and early spawning. It is concluded that I. coindetii in the Strait of Sicily produce at least two alternating generations each year, which are adapted to live in different seasonal environmental conditions.
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  • 49
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    Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina (2001)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58 (1). pp. 288-297.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The food habits of the beaked skate were studied utilising 274 individuals obtained from the incidental catches of the Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) fishery. The most important prey were the Argentine hake, the southern cod (Patagonotothen ramsayi), the Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus), the isopod (Serolis schythei), the “raneya” (Raneya brasiliensis , Pisces: Ophidiidae), and the Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). A total of 45 prey species was identified. No differences in the diet between sexes, but significant differences among size classes and between immature and mature individuals were found. Two size-related dietary shifts previously reported in this species, at around 35 cm and 85 cm total length were confirmed and related to changes in habitat utilisation. The first shift entails a major change from benthic prey (mostly crustaceans) to demersal-benthic prey (mostly fishes) and the second change from demersal-benthic to demersal-pelagic prey (increased consumption of Argentine hake and decreased consumption of southern cod). The second shift coincides with sexual maturation and may reflect a behavioural response to maturation.
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  • 50
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    Morphological deformation in preserved specimens of the deep-sea octopus Graneledone (2001)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 67 (1). pp. 95-102.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Although morphology of firm-bodied shallow-water octopuses resists preservation-linked deformation, preservation and handling of deep-sea specimens of Graneledone are hypothesized to deform specimens by accelerating fluid loss from mantle and arm tissues. Principal components analysis finds that seven of 39 North Pacific specimens of the genus are exceptionally narrow; the remaining specimens show considerable morphological variation, independent of time in preservation. Five exceptionally narrow specimens, including some paratypes of G. pacifica, were collected and preserved by the same trawling study; a single unrecorded factor in their common preservation history may have caused their deformation. The high morphological variation among the remaining specimens, seemingly unique among octopodids, may reflect factors as subtle as how the specimen was stored in the jar. Two types of change with time in preservation are documented. The mantle wall of formalin-fixed specimens thins unpredictably after storage for 30 months in 70% ethanol, consistent with deformation in preservation. Skin tubercles on the dorsal mantle, important taxonomic characters, become more prominent during the first decade in preservation. To maximize the information specimens with fluid-rich tissues convey and to identify the sources of deformation, the full preservation history and measurements made prior to dissection should be permanently recorded.
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  • 51
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    Importance of assessing taxonomic adequacy in determining fishing effects on marine biodiversity (2000)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57 (3). pp. 677-681.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Fishing can change the biological diversity of an ecosystem substantially, and determining the effects of fishing on marine biodiversity requires a variety of data, chief among them the proper identification of organisms. Because identification of all organisms in an ecosystem is not currently possible, target taxonomic groups (taxa) must be selected. The current status of taxonomic information varies greatly among taxa and among geographic areas within taxa. Problems include nomenclature, diagnoses, and determination of taxonomic relationships. We provide examples of a variety of these problems. We then propose a series of criteria for evaluating available taxonomic information in determining the potential reliability of species identification, including recency and comprehensiveness of revisionary studies, methods used for systematic and phylogenetic studies, adequacy of documentation, and evidence of peer review. When the goal is to explore biodiversity, these criteria must be used differently from when measuring and monitoring biodiversity.
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  • 52
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    The genus Grimpoteuthis (Octopoda: Grimpoteuthidae) in the north-east Atlantic, with descriptions of three new species (2003)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139 (1). pp. 93-127.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The systematics and distribution of the cirrate octopod genus Grimpoteuthis in the north-east Atlantic are reviewed. Three new species are described and Grimpoteuthis wuelkeri (Grimpe, 1920) is redescribed. A new generic diagnosis is proposed. Five species of Grimpoteuthis are recognized in the north-east Atlantic. The type species, G. umbellata (Fisher, 1883) is known only from the type specimen, which is in such poor condition that comparison with recently captured material was not possible. G. wuelkeri is a large, slope species, caught between 1600 m and 2200 m in the north-east and north-west Atlantic. Of the three new species, both G. boylei and G. challengeri are large abyssal species. G. boylei is found in the north-east Atlantic at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) and the Madeira Abyssal Plain and may be found at abyssal depths throughout the north-east Atlantic. G. challengeri is known from the PAP, with a single specimen from the north-west Atlantic. G. discoveryi is a small, lower slope and abyssal species found in the north-east Atlantic. The Grimpoteuthis species can be separated based on shell form, presence of a radula and posterior salivary glands, arrangement of suckers and cirri and gill morphology. Two species, G. megaptera Verrill and G. plena Verrill, have been described from the north-west Atlantic, but the types are either lost (G. megaptera) or in poor condition (G. plena), hindering comparisons. Material examined from the north-west Atlantic included G. wuelkeri, G. challengeri and at least two other species.
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  • 53
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    Distribution of paralarvae and small juvenile cephalopods in relation to primary production in an upwelling area off southern Brazil (2010)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67 (7). pp. 1346-1352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Description: The distribution of paralarvae and small juvenile cephalopods sampled by a rectangular midwater trawl (opening area 8 m2) over the continental shelf off Cape Santa Marta Grande, southern Brazil (28°09′S–29°56′S) during spring 1989 is discussed. An intrusion of Brazil Current Tropical Water (22°C; 36.5) separates warm, less-saline water (22°C; 35.2) from cooler, more-saline water (15°C; 36.4). Prevailing northeasterly winds led to upwelling of South Atlantic Central Water over the shelf, promoting high Chl a concentrations. Three species constituted 99% of the 628 cephalopods collected: Illex argentinus (n = 540; 4–40 mm mantle length, ML), Argonauta nodosa (n = 46; 2–19 mm ML), and Loligo sanpaulensis (n = 42, 2–21 mm ML). Segregation of I. argentinus juveniles of similar size suggests school formation as small as 10 mm ML. The presence of mature males along with fertilized female A. nodosa indicates mating early in life. There was a consistent and direct link between high plankton production and high densities of juvenile cephalopods through a short and ecologically efficient food chain. The relationship between production, pycnocline intensity, and the density of paralarvae and juveniles revealed suitable conditions for survival and growth during the upwelling season.
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  • 54
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    New observations on airborne jet propulsion (flight) in squid, with a review of previous reports (2004)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal Molluscan Studies, 70 (3). pp. 297-299.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
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  • 55
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    Age and growth of the squid loligo vulgaris off the south coast of Portugal, using statolith analysis (1996)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Journal of Molluscan Studies, 62 . pp. 359-366.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: Age composition and growth rates of the squid Loligo vulgaris (Lamark, 1797) were studied by examination of growth increments within statoliths of 419 specimens (mantle length, ML, ranging from 32 to 400mm). The squid were obtained by monthly sampling from the catches of commercial trawls off southern Portugal between March and September, 1993. The total number of growth increments in the mounted and ground statoliths was counted using a semi-automatic image analysis system. ML was significantly correlated with both the statolith length, TSL and the number of increments, NI. The female statolith was slightly larger than the male statolith for the same mantle size. Growth rates of individuals showed high variability with an average estimated at 34.6mm month-1 for males and 33.5mm month-1 for females. Growth in length between 70 and 280 days was best described by a power function for both sexes. The growth index of the statolith (TSL/NI) decreased with individual growth. The result may be related with the onset of sexual maturation. L. vulgaris hatched throughout the year with two distinct peaks, in spring which is the main breeding period, and in autumn. The life cycle of the L. vulgaris population on the south Portugese shelf was completed in one year.
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  • 56
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    Growth of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, using a new method based on gladius microstucture (1995)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 199 . pp. 445-458.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: A study of individual and group growth rates based on a method of growth determination using the gladius was carried out in two populations of the purple-back flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniesis) in the Arabian Sea. The duration of the life cycle in all populations and size groups examined was approximately one year. The growth pattern of linear increase was either slightly S-shaped or almost linear, while growth in weight followed a power-type pattern. Generally, females grew faster than males. Use of the gladius as a recording structure makes it possible to study the real growth of a specimen, rather than the statistical correlation of length/weight versus age, as in the commonly used statolith method. Analysis of individual growth rates in large-sized sawning females revealed growth rhythm with roughly a one-month periodicity in which phases of rapid growth (17-21 days; 1.6-3,6mm per day) alternate with phases of slow growth (12-14 days; 0.4-1.2mm per day). This new method is simple to use and may be applied even on board a vessel during research cruises.
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  • 57
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    Tracking seasonal changes in North Sea zooplankton trophic dynamics using stable isotopes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Biogeochemistry, 113 (1-3). pp. 167-187.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Trophodynamics of meso-zooplankton in the North Sea (NS) were assessed at a site in the southern NS, and at a shallow and a deep site in the central NS. Offshore and neritic species from different ecological niches, including Calanus spp., Temora spp. and Sagitta spp., were collected during seven cruises over 14 months from 2007 to 2008. Bulk stable isotope (SI) analysis, phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) compositions, and δ 13CPLFA data of meso-zooplankton and particulate organic matter (POM) were used to describe changes in zooplankton relative trophic positions (RTPs) and trophodynamics. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the RTPs of zooplankton in the North Sea vary spatially and seasonally, in response to hydrographic variability, with the microbial food web playing an important role at times. Zooplankton RTPs tended to be higher during winter and lower during the phytoplankton bloom in spring. RTPs were highest for predators such as Sagitta sp. and Calanus helgolandicus and lowest for small copepods such as Pseudocalanus elongatus and zoea larvae (Brachyura). δ 15NPOM-based RTPs were only moderate surrogates for animals’ ecological niches, because of the plasticity in source materials from the herbivorous and the microbial loop food web. Common (16:0) and essential (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) structural lipids showed relatively constant abundances. This could be explained by incorporation of PLFAs with δ 13C signatures which followed seasonal changes in bulk δ 13CPOM and PLFA δ 13CPOM signatures. This study highlighted the complementarity of three biogeochemical approaches for trophodynamic studies and substantiated conceptual views of size-based food web analysis, in which small individuals of large species may be functionally equivalent to large individuals of small species. Seasonal and spatial variability was also important in altering the relative importance of the herbivorous and microbial food webs.
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  • 58
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    The Coupled GCM ECHO-2. Part I: The Tropical Pacific (1997)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  Monthly Weather Review, 125 . pp. 703-720.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: In this paper the performance of the global coupled general circulation model (CGCM) ECHO-2, which was integrated for 10 years without the application of flux correction, is described. Although the integration is rather short, strong and weak points of this CGCM can be clearly identified, especially in view of the model's performance of the annual cycle in the tropical Pacific. The latter is simulated with more success relative to the earlier version, ECHO-I. A better representation of the low-level stratus clouds in the atmosphere model associated with a reduction in the shortwave radiative flux at the air-sea interface improved the coupled model's performance in the southeastern tropical oceans, with a strongly reduced warm bias in these regions. Modifications in the atmospheric convection scheme also eliminated the AGCM's tendency to simulate a double ITCZ, and this behavior is maintained in the CGCM simulation. Finally, a new numerical scheme for active tracer advection in the ocean model strongly reduced the numerical mixing, which seems to enhance considerably the level of interannual variability in the equatorial Pacific. One weak point is an overall cold bias in the Tropics and midlatitudes, which typically amounts to 1°C in open ocean regions. Another weak point is the still too strong equatorial cold tongue, which penetrates too far into the western equatorial Pacific. Although this model deficiency is not as pronounced as in ECHO-1, the too strong cold tongue reduces the level of interannual rainfall variability in the western and central equatorial Pacific. Finally, the interannual fluctuations in equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are too equatorially trapped, a problem that is also found in ocean-only simulations. Overall, however, the authors believe that the ECHO-2 CGCM has been considerably improved relative to ECHO-1.
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  • 59
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    Rayleigh Fractionation (1999)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Rayleigh fractionation is an important, open system process that involves the progressive removal of a fractional increment of a trace substance from a larger reservoir. A consistent relationship, such as a distribution coefficient, equilibrium constant, or a fractionation factor, is maintained between the reservoir and each increment at the instant of its formation, but, once formed, each increment is thereafter removed or otherwise isolated from the system. The mathematical constraints of this process include the distribution coefficient along with a statement of material balance in the shrinking system. These constraints may be combined into a single differential equation that may be integrated to a well-known relationship discovered by Rayleigh (1902). Examples of this common process include condensation, distillation, and the formation of crystals from a melt or a solution. As shown in the following, Rayleigh fractionation explains many different characteristics of meteoric waters, and provides a first-order explanation of the MWL
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  • 60
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    How fragile is the Earth system? (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Managing the Earth: The Linacre Lectures 2001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 61
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    Solar Wind (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, 2. ed.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 62
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    Upper Atmosphere (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, 2. ed.
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 63
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    Moon (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, 2. ed.
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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