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  • Underwater acoustics  (12)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Fisheries
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (14)
  • 2010-2014  (6)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The SMILE (Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment) field program took place during the winter of 1988-1989. The SMILE program itself was large and involved many investigators and instruments. This report documents the use of the Surface Acoustic Shear Sensor (SASS) as part of the suite of measurements taken during SMILE. The SMILE mooring array was deployed from early November 1988 until June, 1989. SASS, being a newly developed instrument, was deployed for two shorter periods; a test deployment between November 26 and December 8, 1988, and a longer second deployment, February 23 through March 14, 1989. SASS is based on BASS (Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor) components (Williams et al., 1987), mounted on a structure that allowed continuous sampling of velocity, temperature and conductivity in the top five meters of the ocean. BASS was modified for this surface application to acquire data from a gyro, and conductivity sensors. The attitude data from the gyro allows the velocities of the current meter to be referenced to an inertial frame of reference. The other data obtained from SASS will be used to calculate shear current gradients, and other descriptors of turbulence and mixing.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Contract Number OCE-8716937.
    Keywords: Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment (SMILE) ; Deep-sea moorings ; Underwater acoustics ; Wecoma (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 2
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This interim report covers the progress of the acoustic telemetry project during the period 12/1/88 to 5/15/89. In general, the work followed the format specified in WHOI proposal No. 5674.1. The major exception was the deletion of the transmitter array development task and a corresponding funding decrease from $242,242 to $170,000. In addition, the period for the funding was extended to June 30, partly due to a two month delay in project startup. The telemetry project was centered around the construction, programming and testing of a digital receiver prototype capable of supporting future signal processing algorithms in real-time over ocean acoustic channels. The baseline receiver consists of a two-channel analog quadrature demodulator, and interface to a multiprocessor receiver for digital signal processing. The software developed includes routines for command and control of the analog demodulator, data handling and formatting, and minimal software to digitally implement an incoherent MFSK demodulator, synchronizer and data decoder. Data storage and display programs were also completed to facilitate the performance analysis of the unit during testing. The system was tested in Woods Hole harbor at data rates up to 4800 bits/sec. The acoustic channel was time-dispersive Rayleigh fading, and performance close to theoretical expectations was achieved. We are confident that the system error behavior is arising from channel-caused effects and known deficiencies in system performance, such as excessive synchronizer steady-state jitter.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-86-K-0751, and by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc.
    Keywords: Data transmission systems ; Digital communications ; Underwater acoustics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: At the request of ONR Code 11250A, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Dr. James F. Lynch) convened a workshop to bring together a group of acoustic and ocean modelers to review and discuss 1. the state of development and the need for three-dimensional numerical acoustic research propagation and scattering models; 2. the interfacing of acoustic models with available oceanographic data and ocean model outputs. The workshop was hosted by the Institute for Naval Oceanography (Dr. Ching-Sang Chiu) at Long Beach, MS on July 7-8, 1988. This report summarizes the research presentations and the recommendations made by the group. The workshop was an initial attempt to promote the interaction between the ocean and acoustic modeling communities. This interaction between the communities is essential to the development of truly interactive basic research acoustic and ocean models. We anticipate more workshops of such nature to be held in the future. The findings and recommendations generated by these workshops are expected to have a strong impact on the direction of future three-dimensional modeling research in both acoustics and oceanography .
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-88-K-0363.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report gives an overview of the analysis that was done on Deep Seafloor Arrivals since they were initially presented in Stephen et al (2009). All of the NPAL04/LOAPEX (North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory, 2004/ Long Range Ocean Acoustic Propagation Experiment) data on three ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) at ~5,000m depth and the deepest element of the deep vertical line array (DVLA) at 4250m depth has been analyzed. A distinctive pattern of late arrivals was observed on the three OBSs for transmissions from T500 to T2300. The delays of these arrivals with respect to the parabolic equation predicted (PEP) path were the same for all ranges from 500 to 2300km, indicating that the delay was introduced near the receivers. At 500km range the same arrival was observed throughout the water column on the DVLA. We show that arrivals in this pattern converted from a PEP path to a bottom-diffracted surface reflected (BDSR) path at an off-geodesic seamount.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-10-1-0510.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Ambient sounds
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation to the Philippine Sea Experiment (OBSAPS, April-May, 2011, R/V Revelle) addresses the coherence and depth dependence of deep-water ambient noise and signals. During the 2004 NPAL Experiment in the North Pacific Ocean, in addition to predicted ocean acoustic arrivals and deep shadow zone arrivals, we observed "deep seafloor arrivals" that were dominant on the seafloor Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) (at about 5000m depth) but were absent or very weak on the Distributed Vertical Line Array (DVLA) (above 4250m depth). These "deep seafloor arrivals" (DSFA) are a new class of arrivals in ocean acoustics possibly associated with seafloor interface waves. The OBSAPS cruise had three major research goals: a) identification and analysis of DSFAs occurring at short (1/2CZ) ranges in the 50 to 400Hz band, b) analysis of deep sea ambient noise in the band 0.03 to 80Hz, and c) analysis of the frequency dependence of BR and SRBR paths as a function of frequency. On OBSAPS we deployed a fifteen element VLA from 12 to 852m above the seafloor, four short-period OBSs and two long-period OBSs and carried out an 11.5day transmission program using a J15-3 acoustic source.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nos. N00014-10-1-0994 and N00014-10-1-0987.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Ambient sounds ; Roger Revelle (Ship) Cruise RR1106
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: On the Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation to the Philippine Sea Experiment (OBSAPS, April-May, 2011, R/V Revelle), a VLA and six OBSs were deployed to listen to an active acoustic source, a J15-3. This report describes the hardware and software used to control and record the acoustic transmissions from the source. Some significant features of the system are: 1) The system transmits general user-defined source functions, such as Msequences (.SIO files). 2) In addition to controlling the source waveform, the system also records six real-time channels in binary files with user-selectable lengths: the monitor hydrophone mounted near the source, the power amplifier voltage and current, the depth of the source, sonobuoy data (when deployed) and an IRIG-B time reference. Files are output in .AUV format with a precision GPS-based time stamp in the file name. 3) The transmission start time along with ADC and DAC sample rates are disciplined to GPS time. 4) A convenient, Labview based, user interface provides real-time source control and monitoring. 5) The software provides parsing and logging of gyro and GPS NMEA sentences. The system, which was based on an earlier system from Scripps MPL, worked well on OBSAPS and is available for future projects.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nos. N00014-10-1-0994 and N00014-10-1-0987.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Ambient sounds
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report describes a system for underwater acoustic navigation developed, and in use, at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. It includes a brief discussion of the electronic components, operation, mathematical analysis, and available computer programs. There is a series of supplementary Technical Memoranda containing more information on various aspects of the system. We believe that this kind of documentation is more flexible and better meets the needs of potential users than including all technical details in one large volume. These are not final or definitive reports; acoustic navigation capabilities will continue to evolve at W.H.O.I. for some time. Acoustic navigation provides a method of tracking a ship, and an underwater vehicle or instrument package (‘fish’), in the deep ocean. Acoustic devices attached to the ship and fish measure the length of time it takes a sound pulse to travel to acoustic transponders moored on the ocean floor. If the transponder positions and the average speed of sound are known, the ship or fish position can be found.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contracts N00014-71-C0284; NR 293-008 N00014-70-C0205; NR 263-103 and the National Science Foundation/International Decade of Ocean Exploration Grant GX-36024 and the Applied Physics Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins University Contract 372111.
    Keywords: Alvin (Submarine) ; Underwater navigation ; Underwater acoustics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The first year of the New England Regional Fisheries Management Council has been marked by its experimental aura. Neither the Council nor the various sectors (representatives of the Federal and State agencies, members of the fishing industry, the public at large) were clear as to exactly what they were to do and how they were to do it--except in the broadest, most flexible (ambiguous?) terms. This created certain operational difficulties, and confusion for those whose livelihood was affected by the Council's operation. This latter group, particularly the fishermen, knew little of what went on, save in terms of the 'public facet of the Council--i.e., that portion of the Council's performance which occurred during the monthly meetings which were open to the public and which, supposedly, received public input at that time. This study defines that public face, deliberately avoiding the presentation of any data which was not accessible to the average audience participant, in an attempt to present some of the behavior which all participants demonstrated and which generated responses and reactions on the part of the other sectors. It uses standard anthropological techniques of data gathering and analysis to show the degree to which impression management on the part of all the actors operated in a systematic fashion to produce action, reaction, and counter-action. Particularly emphasized is the communication aspects.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104, and the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and by sabbatical funding from the State University of New York.
    Keywords: Legislation ; Fisheries ; Sociocultural analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Fish and fishermen appear to be in a serious decline in New England. The haddock are overfished, inshore herring stocks are depleted, yellowtail flounder and lobster are scarce. The popular image is of grizzled fishermen, their boats chipped, scarred, old-fashioned hulks of wood tied up two and three abreast along the rotting wharves and piers of New England's depressed port towns. In this research project, we wanted to determine the state of the New England fishing industry and to propose acceptable methods for the management of the fishery. During our early discussions with the fishing industry people, we mentioned that we were interested in limited effort programs as they might be applied to New England fishermen. We carefully, and probably tediously, explained the "theory of limited effort" and we were generally thought to be daft. We were told we had things backwards--that the fishing industry needed more fish, more men, more boats - and that the way to accomplish this was to get a 200-mile fishing limit and kick the foreigners out. One of these wishes has come true - in the spring of 1976, P.L. 94-265 established a 200-mile fishing zone off the United States, with regional management councils to make management plans and allocate the resources first to United States fishermen, with surpluses to foreign fishermen.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-5-158-8 and Grant #04-6-158-44106, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This document describes data, sensors, and other useful information pertaining to the moorings that were deployed from the R/V Knorr from July 24th to August 4th, 2006 in support of the SW06 experiment. The SW06 experiment was a large, multi-disciplinary effort performed 100 miles east of the New Jersey coast. A total of 62 acoustic and oceanographic moorings were deployed and recovered. The moorings were deployed in a “T” geometry to create an along-shelf path along the 80 meter isobath and an across-shelf path starting at 600 meters depth and going shoreward to a depth of 60 meters. A cluster of moorings was placed at the intersection of the two paths to create a dense sensor-populated area to measure a 3-dimensional physical oceanography. Environmental moorings were deployed along both along-shelf and across-shelf paths to measure the physical oceanography along those paths. Moorings with acoustic sources were placed at the outer ends of the “T” to propagate various signals along these paths. Five single hydrophone receivers were positioned on the across shelf path and a vertical and horizontal hydrophone array was positioned at the intersection of the “T” to get receptions from all the acoustics assets that were used during SW06.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-04-10146
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic buoys ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN183 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN184 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN185 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN186 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC427 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC428 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC429 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN424 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN425 ; Hugh R. Sharp (Ship) Cruise 060622CM
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The results of an unclassified Workshop on Shallow Water Acoustics, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Code 11250A, are presented. The workshop was held on April 24-26, 1991 at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and included about forty-five scientists specializing in ocean acoustics, geology, geophysics, and physical oceanography. The goal of the workshop was to determine future directions for basic research in shallow water acoustics. This report summarizes the recommendations of the workshop and includes a synopsis of the deliberations of four working groups which focus on the following specific research issues: (1) the seabed, (2) the water column and surface/Arctic, (3) analytic and numerical modeling/ambient noise, and (4) laboratory and field experiments/signal processing.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract No. NOOOl4-91-J-1776.
    Keywords: Shallow water acoustics ; Underwater acoustics ; Basic research recommendations
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 12
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Advanced Engineering Laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a development laboratory within the Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department. Its function is the development of oceanographic instrumentation to test developing theories in oceanography and to enhance current research projects in other disciplines within the community. This report summarizes recent and ongoing projects performed by members of this laboratory.
    Keywords: Ocean instrumentation ; Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic data collection
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 13
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The results of an unclassified workshop on Shallow Water Acoustics, jointly sponsored by ONR and DARPA, are presented. The workshop was held on October 1-3, 1996 at the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, and included 83 participants specializing in ocean acoustics, geology and geophysics, physical oceanography, and other disciplines relevant to shallow water research. The goal of the workshop was to help determine the current status of and future directions for shallow water acoustics research. The report summarizes the deliberations and recommendations of the workshop, and includes detailed report from the three working groups (bottom, water column, and modeling and signal processing) as well as from the workshop moderator (Dr. James Lynch, WHOI).
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract No. N00014-96-1-1031. Supported by ONR and DARPA.
    Keywords: Shallow water acoustics ; Underwater acoustics ; Basic research recommendations
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 14
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report describes a non-rigid, floating, four-hydrophone array that can give accurate three-dimensional locations for certain underwater sound sources, particularly for those that are close. For more distant sounds, the array can indicate good directions (bearings) but range is liable to be uncertain. A system for concurrent calibration permits periodic reassessment of hydrophone positions. Appendix: Programming and mathematics for computer analysis of the array data are by Donna Ekstrand and Mary Hunt.
    Description: Supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-66-C0241; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Hydrophone ; Three-dimensional locations ; Array ; Ambient noise ; Instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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