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  • Wiley  (282,146)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2010-2014  (159,752)
  • 2005-2009  (109,953)
  • 1955-1959  (26,663)
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  • 11
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    Stress effects on metabolism and energy budgets in mollusks (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Wiley-Blackwell, 18 p., pp. 263-280, ISBN: 978-1-4443-3548-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The chapter will summarize and critically review metabolic responses to environmental stress and stress effects on energy budgets in mollusks. Metabolic adaptations to environmental stress will be analyzed including alternative energy conserving pathways, aerobic/anaerobic transitions and metabolic arrest. Their role in the efficient use of energy substrates and in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and redox status will be discussed. General stress effects on energy budget at different organization levels (from the cell to the whole-organism) will be analyzed including energy uptake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, as well as the metabolic costs associated with stress resistance (including antioxidant protection, chaperone function and damage repair). We will compare metabolic responses to moderate and extreme levels of environmental stressors using temperature, ocean acidification, salinity, oxygen deficiency and toxic metal stress as examples. This chapter will also outline the future research directions to improve our understanding of the stress effects on bioenergetics in mollusks and other invertebrates. Keywords: Stress, metabolic adaptation, metabolic arrest, bioenergetics, cellular defense, energy trade-offs
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 12
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    Iron in coastal marine ecosystems: role in oxidative stress (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 524 p., pp. 115-126, ISBN: 978 1 4443 3548 4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 13
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    Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN: 9781444335484
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 14
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    Microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fixation and sulfur cycling associated with low-temperature emissions at the Lilliput hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (9°S) (2007)
    Society for Applied Microbiology | Blackwell | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Description: Lilliput was discovered in 2005 as the southernmost known hydrothermal field along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is exceptional in that it lacks high-temperature venting probably because of a thickened crust. The absence of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes in emissions supports the argument against the presence of a hot subsurface at Lilliput, as is typically suggested for diffuse emissions from areas of high-temperature venting. The high phylogenetic diversity and novelty of bacteria observed could be because of the low-temperature influence, the distinct location of the hydrothermal field or the Bathymodiolus assemblages covering the sites of discharge. The low-temperature fluids at the Lilliput are characterized by lowered pH and slightly elevated hydrogen (16 nM) and methane (∼2.6 μM) contents compared with ambient seawater. No typical hydrogen and methane oxidizing prokaryotes were detected. The higher diversity of reverse tricarboxylic acid genes and the form II RubisCO genes of the Calvin Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle compared with the form I RubisCO genes of the CBB cycle suggests that the chemoautotrophic community is better adapted to low oxygen concentrations. Thiomicrospira spp. and Epsilonproteobacteria dominated the autotrophic community. Sulfide is the most abundant inorganic energy source (0.5 mM). Diverse bacteria were associated with sulfur cycling, including Gamma-, Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, with the latter being the most abundant bacteria according to fluorescence in situ hybridization. With members of various Candidate Divisions constituting for 25% of clone library sequences we suggest that their role in vent ecosystems might be more important than previously assumed and propose potential mechanisms they might be involved in at the Lilliput hydrothermal field.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Traversing nature’s danger zone: getting up close with Sumatra’s volcanoes. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-10
    Description: The Indonesian island of Sumatra, located in one of the most active zones of the Pacific Ring of Fire, is characterized by a chain of subduction-zone volcanoes which extend the entire length of the island. As a group of volcanic geochemists, we embarked upon a five-week sampling expedition to these exotic, remote, and in part explosive volcanoes (SAGE 2010; Sumatran Arc Geochemical Expedition). We set out to collect rock and gas samples from 17 volcanic centres from the Sumatran segment of the Sunda arc system, with the aim of obtaining a regionally significant sample set that will allow quantification of the respective roles of mantle versus crustal sources to magma genesis along the strike of the arc. Here we document our geological journey through Sumatra’s unpredictable terrain, including the many challenges faced when working on active volcanoes in pristine tropical climes.
    Description: Swedish Science Foundation (VR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Upp-sala University Centre for Natural Disaster Science (CNDS) and Otterborgska donationsfonden
    Description: Published
    Description: 64-70
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Sumatra ; Indonesia ; geochemisty ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Revisiting "nutrient trapping" in global coupled biogeochemical ocean circulation models (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: We analyze an extensive set of global coupled biogeochemical ocean circulation models. The focus is on the equatorial Pacific. In all simulations, which are consistent with observed standing stocks of relevant biogeochemical species at the surface, we find spuriously enhanced (reduced) macronutrient (oxygen) concentrations in the deep eastern equatorial Pacific. This modeling problem, apparently endemic to global coupled biogeochemical ocean circulation models, was coined “nutrient trapping” by Najjar et al. (1992). In contrast to Aumont et al. (1999), we argue that “nutrient trapping” is still a persistent problem, even in eddy-permitting models and, further, that the scale of the problem retards model projections of nitrogen cycling. In line with previous work, our results indicate that a deficient circulation is at the core of the problem rather than an admittedly poor quantitative understanding of biogeochemical cycles. More specifically, we present indications that “nutrient trapping” in models is a result of a spuriously damped Equatorial Intermediate (zonal) Current System and Equatorial Deep Jets—phenomenon which await a comprehensive understanding and have, to date, not been successfully simulated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 17
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    Lateral diffusivity from tracer release experiments in the tropical North Atlantic thermocline (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Lateral diffusivity is computed from a tracer release experiment in the northeastern tropical Atlantic thermocline. The uncertainties of the estimates are inferred from a synthetic particle release using a high-resolution ocean circulation model. The main method employed to compute zonal and meridional components of lateral diffusivity is the growth of the second moment of a cloud of tracer. The application of an areal comparison method for estimating tracer-based diffusivity in the field experiments is also discussed. The best estimate of meridional eddy diffusivity in the Guinea Upwelling region at about 300 m depth is estimated to be inline image m2 s−1. The zonal component of lateral diffusivity is estimated to be inline image m2 s−1, while areal comparison method yields areal equivalent zonal diffusivity component of inline image m2 s−1. In comparison to Ky, Kx is about twice larger, resulting from the tracer patch stretching by zonal jets. Employed conceptual jet model indicates that zonal jet velocities of about inline image m s−1 are required to explain the enhancement of the zonal eddy diffusivity component. Finally, different sampling strategies are tested on synthetic tracer release experiments. They indicate that the best sampling strategy is a sparse regular sampling grid covering most of the tracer patch.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 18
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    Feedbacks of sedimentation on crustal heat flow: New insights from the Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea (2010)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Basement heat flow is one of the key unknowns in sedimentary basin analysis. Its quantification is challenging not in the least due to the various feedback mechanisms between the basin and lithosphere processes. This study explores two main feedbacks, sediment blanketing and thinning of sediments during lithospheric stretching, in a series of synthetic models and a reconstruction case study from the Norwegian Sea. Three types of basin models are used: (1) a newly developed one-dimensional (1D) forward model, (2) a decompaction/backstripping approach and (3) the commercial basin modelling software TECMOD2D for automated forward basin reconstructions. The blanketing effect of sedimentation is reviewed and systematically studied in a suite of 1D model runs. We find that even for moderate sedimentation rates (0.5 mm year−1), basement heat flow is depressed by ∼25% with respect to the case without sedimentation; for high sedimentation rates (1.5 mm year−1), basement heat flow is depressed by ∼50%. We have further compared different methods for computing sedimentation rates from the presently observed stratigraphy. Here, we find that decompaction/backstripping-based methods may systematically underestimate sedimentation rates and total subsidence. The reason for this is that sediments are thinned during lithosphere extension in forward basin models while there are not in backstripping/decompaction approaches. The importance of sediment blanketing and differences in modelling approaches is illustrated in a reconstruction case study from the Norwegian Sea. The thermal and structural evolution of a transect across the Vøring Basin has been reconstructed using the backstripping/decompaction approach and TECMOD2D. Computed total subsidence curves differ by up to ∼3 km and differences in computed basement heat flows reach up to 50%. These findings show that strong feedbacks exist between basin and lithosphere processes and that resolving them require integrated lithosphere-scale basin models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 19
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    Nd and Sr isotope compositions of different phases of surface sediments in the South Pacific: Extraction of seawater signatures, boundary exchange, and detrital/dust provenance (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-23
    Description: The radiogenic isotope composition of neodymium (Nd) and strontium (Sr) are useful tools to investigate present and past oceanic circulation or input of terrigenous material. We present Nd and Sr isotope compositions extracted from different sedimentary phases, including early diagenetic Fe-Mn coatings, ‘‘unclean’’ foraminiferal shells, fossil fish teeth, and detritus of marine surface sediments (core-tops) covering the entire midlatitude South Pacific. Comparison of detrital Nd isotope compositions to deep water values from the same locations suggests that "boundary exchange" has little influence on the Nd isotope composition of western South Pacific seawater. Concentrations of Rare Earth Elements (REE) and Al/Ca ratios of "unclean" planktonic foraminifera suggest that this phase is a reliable recorder of seawater Nd isotope composition. The signatures obtained from fish teeth and "nondecarbonated" leachates of bulk sediment Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide coatings also agree with "unclean" foraminifera. Direct comparison of Nd isotope compositions extracted using these methods with seawater Nd isotope compositions is complicated by the low accumulation rates yielding radiocarbon ages of up to 24 kyr, thus mixing the signal of different ocean circulation modes. This suggests that different past seawater Nd isotope compositions have been integrated in authigenic sediments from regions with low sedimentation rates. Combined detrital Nd and Sr isotope signatures indicate a dominant role of the Westerly winds transporting lithogenic material from South New Zealand and Southeastern Australia to the open South Pacific. The proportion of this material decreases toward the east, where supply from the Andes increases and contributions from Antarctica cannot be ruled out.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 20
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    An analysis of aeolian dust in climate models (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-04
    Description: Aeolian dust is a key aspect of the climate system. Dust can modify the Earth's energy budget, provide long-range transport of nutrients, and influence land surface processes via erosion. Consequently, effective modeling of the climate system, particularly at regional scales, requires a reasonably accurate representation of dust emission, transport, and deposition. Here we evaluate African dust in 23 state-of-the-art global climate models used in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We find that all models fail to reproduce basic aspects of dust emission and transport over the second half of the twentieth century. The models systematically underestimate dust emission, transport, and optical depth, and year-to-year changes in these properties bear little resemblance to observations. These findings cast doubt on the ability of these models to simulate the regional climate and the response of African dust to future climate change. Key Points: - CMIP5 models underestimate African dust emission and transport - The dust size distribution is biased toward small particles in CMIP5 models - CMIP5 models do not represent coupled processes that involve African dust
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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