ALBERT

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Part I: An integrated framework of disaster risk management --- An Integrated Risk Analysis Framework for Emerging Disaster Risks: Toward a better risk management of flood disaster in urban communities / S. Ikeda / pp. 1-21 --- Fundamental Characteristics of Flood Risk in Japan's Urban Areas / T. Sato / pp. 23-40 --- Integration Framework of Flood Risk Management: What should be integrated? / K. Seo / pp. 41-56 --- Public Preference and Willingness to Pay for Flood Risk Reduction / G. Zhai / pp. 57-87 --- New Mode of Risk Governance Enhanced by an e-community Platform / T. Nagasaka / pp. 89-107 --- Part II: Interdisciplinary studies of flood risk --- Uncertainty in Flood Risks and Public Understanding of Probable Rainfall / S. Shimokawa and Y. Takeuchi / pp. 109-119 --- Public Perception of Flood Risk and Community-based Disaster Preparedness / T. Motoyoshi / pp. 121-134 --- Residents' Perception about Disaster Prevention and Action for Risk Mitigation: The case of the Tokai flood in 2000 / K. Takao / pp. 135-151 --- Roles of Volunteers in Disaster Prevention: Implications of questionnaire and interview surveys / I. Suzuki / pp. 153-163 --- Issues and Attitudes of Local Government Officials for Flood Risk Management / K. Terumoto / pp. 165-176 --- The Niigata Flood in 2004 as a Flood Risk of "Low Probability but High Consequence" / T. Sato, T. Fukuzono, and S. Ikeda / pp. 177-192 --- Insurance Issues of Catastrophic Disasters in Japan: Lessons from the 2005 Hurricane Katrina Disaster / H. Tsubokawa / pp. 193-198 --- Part III: Pilot studies of implementing social platform of risk management in local community: Participatory flood risk communication support system (Pafrics) --- Participatory Flood Risk Communication Support System (Pafrics) / T. Fukuzono, T. Sato, Y. Takeuchi, K. Takao, S. Shimokawa, I. Suzuki, G. Zhai, K. Terumoto, T. Nagasaga, K. Seo, and S. Ikeda / pp. 199-211 --- Flood Risk Communication with Pafrics / Y. Takeuchi and I. Suzuki / pp. 213-224

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Plenary Lectures --- Fisheries Management: Status and Challenges / Ichiro Nomura / pp. 1-16 --- Exploring the BOFFFF Hypothesis Using a Model of Southern African Deepwater Hake (Merluccius paradoxus) / John G. Field, Coleen L. Moloney, Louis du Buisson, Astrid Jarre, Tore Stroemme, Marek R. Lipinski and Paulus Kainge / pp. 17-26 --- Effects of Fishing on Inter and Intra Stock Diversity of Marine Resources / Gudrun Marteinsdóttir and Heidi Pardoe / pp. 27-43 --- Knowledge on How To Achieve Sustainable Fisheries / Ray Hilborn / pp. 45-56 --- The Role of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Determinants of Evolution and Hominid Brain Development / Michael A. Crawford, C. Leigh Broadhurst, Claudio Galli, Kebreab Ghebremeskel, Holm Holmsen, Letten F. Saugstad, Walter F. Schmidt, Andrew J. Sinclair and Stephen C. Cunnane / pp. 57-76 --- Genomics and the Genome Duplication in Salmonids / Ben F. Koop and William S. Davidson / pp. 77-86 --- A Tale of Two Initiatives: Integrated Coastal Management in Xiamen and Batangas Bay Region / Thia-Eng Chua / pp. 87-102 --- Keynote 1: Fisheries and Fish Biology --- Age-validated Longevity of Fishes: Its Importance for Sustainable Fisheries / Gregor M. Cailliet and Allen H. Andrews / pp. 103-120 --- Monitoring Prey Availability via Data Loggers Deployed on Seabirds: Advances and Present Limitations / C. A. Bost, A. Jaeger, W. Huin, P. Koubbi, L. G. Halsey, H. Hanuise and Y. Handrich / pp. 121-137 --- Refocusing Stock Assessment in Support of Policy Evaluation / André E. Punt / pp. 139-152 --- Hatchery Stocking for Restoring Wild Populations: A Genetic Evaluation of the Reproductive Success of Hatchery Fish vs. Wild Fish / Hitoshi Araki / pp. 153-167 --- A Review of Bycatch and Discard Issue Toward Solution / Tatsuro Matsuoka / pp. 169-180 --- Keynote 2: Aquaculture --- Environmental Impact of Aquaculture on Coastal Planktonic Ecosystems / Yngvar Olsen and Lasse Mork Olsen / pp. 181-196 --- Meeting the Future Demand for Aquatic Food through Aquaculture: the Role of Aquatic Animal Health / Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso and Rohana P. Subasinghe / pp. 197-207 --- Keynote 3: Biotechnology --- Spermatogonial Transplantation in Fish: Production of Trout Offspring from Salmon Parents / Tomoyuki Okutsu, Yutaka Takeuchi and Goro Yoshizaki / pp. 209-219 --- Biotechnology of Marine Invertebrates-Recent Advances in Shrimp and Shellfish / Anchalee Tassanakajon, Tipachai Vatanavicharn, Premruethai Supungul, Sureerat Tang, Piti Amparyup, Kunlaya Somboonwiwat, Sirinit Tharntada, Jun Takahashi and Haruhiko Toyohara / pp. 221-239 --- Molecular Biotechnology of Development and Growth in Fish Muscle / Ian A. Johnston, Daniel J. Macqueen and Shugo Watabe / pp. 241-262 --- Molecular Innate Immunity in Teleost Fish: Review and Future Perspectives / Takashi Aoki, Tomokazu Takano, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Hidehiro Kondo and Ikuo Hirono / pp. 263-276 --- Molecular Interaction between Fish Pathogens and Host Aquatic Animals / Laura L. Brown and Stewart C. Johnson / pp. 277-288 --- Keynote 4: Post Harvest Science and Technology --- Progress on Processing and Utilization of Aquatic Products in China / Xichang Wang, Jingjing Zhang and Jiechun Deng / pp. 289-295 --- Molecular Identification of Species and the Geographic Origin of Seafood / Michiaki Yamashita, Atsushi Namikoshi, Jun Iguchi, Yasuharu Takashima, Mohammed Anwar Hossain, Takeshi Yabu and Yumiko Yamashita / pp. 297-306 --- Keynote 5: Ecosystems—Linking Climate Change and Fisheries— --- Effects of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems / Chen-Tung Arthur Chen / pp. 307-316 --- Keynote 6: Freshwater, Coastal and Marine Environments --- Harmful Algal Blooms and Ocean Observing Systems: Needs, Present Status and Future Potential / Donald M. Anderson / pp. 317-334 --- Coastal Artificial Habitats for Fishery and Environmental Management and Scientific Advancement / William Seaman / pp. 335-349 --- “Sato-Umi”—A New Concept for Sustainable Fisheries / Tetsuo Yanagi / pp. 351-358 --- Keynote 7: Biodiversity and Management --- Optimal Fishing Policies That Maximize Sustainable Ecosystem Services / Hiroyuki Matsuda, Mitsutaku Makino and Koji Kotani / pp. 359-369 --- Ecosystem-Based Sustainable Conservation and Management of Pacific Salmon / Masahide Kaeriyama / pp. 371-380 --- Some Lessons from Implementing Management Procedures / Douglas S. Butterworth / pp. 381-397 --- Keynote 8: Economics and Social Science --- Reconsidering the Contribution of Fisheries to Society and Millennium Development Goals / Kenneth Ruddle / pp. 399-411 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of the Fisheries Trade / Yoshiaki Matsuda / pp. 413-423 --- Keynote 9: Education and International Cooperation --- Japan’s Fisheries Cooperation: Principle, Programs and Achievements / Akihiro Mae / pp. 425-434 --- Institutional Capacity Development for Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries: Strategic Partnership with Local Institutions / Renato F. Agbayani and Joebert D. Toledo / pp. 435-448 --- International Cooperation for Higher Education in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science—A European Point of View— / Jean Dhont / pp. 449-460

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction --- 2. Phylogeny of the genus Anguilla --- 2-1. Morphological studies --- 2-2. Molecular phylogenetic approaches --- 2-3. A new species in the genus Anguilla --- 3. Life histories of temperate anguillids --- 3-1. Spawning areas of temperate eels --- 3-2. Larval migration of temperate eels --- 3-3. Growth phase and spawning migration --- 4. Population structure of temperate eels --- 5. Life histories of tropical anguillids --- 5-1. Spawning areas of tropical eels --- 5-2. Larval migration of tropical eels --- 5-3. Growth phase and spawning migration --- 6. Population structure of tropical eels --- 7. Discussion --- 7-1. Evolution of migration in anguillid eels --- 7-2. Management and conservation of eel resources

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction --- 2. Biology of leptocephali --- 2-1. Developmental stages --- 2-2. Morphological features --- 2-3. Sensory organs --- 2-4. Feeding ecology --- 2-5. Physiology and energetics --- 2-6. Growth of leptocephali --- 2-7. Metamorphosis --- 2-8. Swimming behavior --- 3. Zoogeography of leptocephali --- 3-1. Taxonomic groups of eels --- 3-2. Spawning areas of eels --- 3-3. Distribution and abundance of leptocephali --- 3-4. Seasonal occurrence of leptocephali --- 4. Ecology of leptocephali --- 4-1. Depth distribution and vertical migration --- 4-2. Survival and predation --- 4-3. Recruitment behavior --- 5. General discussion and future perspectives --- 5-1. Biology of leptocephali --- 5-2. Leptocephalus growth --- 5-3. Zoogeography and diversity of leptocephali --- 5-4. The leptocephalus larval strategy --- 5-5. Oceanic changes and leptocephalus recruitment --- 5-6. Ecological significance of leptocephali in the surface layer --- 5-7. Future research perspectives

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction --- 2. Standard growth formula in fish population dynamics --- 2-1. Traditional growth formulae --- 2-2. Standard formula of RGF in fish population dynamics --- 2-3. Seasonal growth formula --- 2-4. Standard formula for seasonal growth --- 2-5. Parameter estimation and statistical test of growth formulae --- (Example 1) Fitting the growth formula to clam data. --- (Example 2) Fitting VBGF1 for Pacific hake data. --- 2-6. The generalized reproduction model --- 2-7. Parameter estimation for reproduction model --- 2-8. Supplement --- 3. Analysis of the body-size composition --- 3-1. Statistical model --- 3-2. Hasselblad method --- 3-3. Undetermined multiplier method --- 3-4. EM algorithm --- 3-5. Convergence criterion by diminishing mapping --- 3-6. Approximation of the Jacobi method --- 3-7. Difference between the iteration method and the EM algorithm --- (Example 3) Estimation of the age composition for the data of the porgy --- 3-8. Marquardt method --- 4. Estimation of the population size --- 4-1. Petersen method --- (Example 4) Estimation of the 95% interval of N when M = 60, n = 141, and r = 11. --- 4-2. Bayesian statistical method for the Petersen method --- 4-3. Bayesian statistical method by using the hyper-geometric distribution --- 4-4. Quadrat method --- 4-5. Bayesian statistical method for the quadrat method --- (Example 5) Estimation of the 95% interval of n when r = 5 and p = 0.1. --- 4-6. DeLury removal method --- (Example 6) Analysis of the data in Table 5. --- 4-7. Proof of the sum formulae of the binomial distribution and the hyper-geometric distribution --- 5. Survival models --- 5-1. VPA --- 5-2. VPA using mortality rates --- 5-3. Leslie matrix model --- 5-4. Linear programming for fishing equations --- 6. Summary

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Concern exists over human-generated increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and their potential consequences to society. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 finds that global temperatures have increased by 0.8ºC since 1850 and that climate warming is now ’unequivocal’. While the human imprint is becoming increasingly apparent, Earth’s climate has shifted dramatically and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages, when vast glaciers covered Northern Europe and much of North America, and interglacials—warm periods much like today. Farther back in geologic time, climates have differed even more from the present. Thus, to fully understand the unusual changes of the 20th century and possible future trends, these must be placed in a longer-term context extending beyond the period of instrumental records. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology—the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others. The encyclopedia offers 230 informative articles written by over 200 well known international experts on numerous subjects, ranging from classical geological evidence to the latest research. The volume is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings, black-white and color photographs. Articles are arranged alphabetically, with extensive bibliographies and cross-references.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. General introduction --- 2. Morphological development of sensory and swimming organs and the central nervous system in the striped jack --- 2-1. Introduction --- 2-2. Materials and methods --- 2-2A. Materials --- 2-2B. Morphology --- 2-2C. Histology of eye, lateral line, muscle, bone and the central nervous system --- 2-3. Results --- 2-3A. Morphology --- 2-3B. Relative growth --- 2-3C. Ossification --- 2-3D. Muscle --- 2-3E. Eye --- 2-3F. Cephalic and trunk lateral lines --- 2-3G. The central nervous system --- 2-4. Discussion --- 2-4A. Morphological development related to swimming ability --- 2-4B. Development of sensory organs --- 2-4C. Development of the central nervous system --- 3. Ontogeny of schooling behavior and other behavioral traits in the striped jack --- 3-1. Introduction --- 3-2. Materials and methods --- 3-2A. Phototaxis --- 3-2B. Rheotaxis --- 3-2C. Optokinetic response --- 3-2D. Schooling behavior --- 3-2E. Association with floating objects --- 3-3. Results --- 3-3A. Phototaxis --- 3-3B. Rheotaxis --- 3-3C. Optokinetic response --- 3-3D. Schooling behavior --- 3-3E. Association behavior --- 3-4. Discussion --- 3-4A. Development of taxis in relation to sensory and swimming organs --- 3-4B. Ecological speculations on survival strategy and migratory behavior --- 4. Critical involvement of the central nervous system for the development of schooling behavior revealed by docosahexaenoic acid deficiency experiments --- 4-1. Introduction --- 4-2. Materials and methods --- 4-2A. Effect of dietary DHA on the growth, survival, and brain development in the striped jack --- 4-2B. Effect of dietary condition on behavior --- 4-2C. Incorporation of DHA into the central nervous system --- 4-3. Results --- 4-3A. Effect of dietary DHA on the growth, survival, and brain development in the striped jack --- 4-3B. Effect of dietary condition on the schooling behavior of yellowtail --- 4-3C. Incorporation of DHA into the central nervous system in the yellowtail --- 4-4. Discussion --- 5. Ontogeny of association behavior between jack mackerel and jellyfish --- 5-1. Introduction --- 5-2. Materials and methods --- 5-2A. Feeding on jellyfish --- 5-2B. Utilization of jellyfish as a prey collector --- 5-2C. Utilization of jellyfish as a refuge from predators --- 5-2D. Ontogenetic changes in the function of association between jack mackerel and jellyfish --- 5-2E. Underwater observation of fish assemblages associated with jellyfish --- 5-3. Results --- 5-3A. Feeding on jellyfish --- 5-3B. Utilization of jellyfish as a prey collector --- 5-3C. Utilization of jellyfish as a refuge from predators --- 5-3D. Ontogenetic changes of the function of association between jack mackerel and jellyfish --- 5-3E. Underwater observation of fish assemblages associated with jellyfish --- 5-4. Discussion --- 5-4A. Ontogeny of function in the association behavior of jack mackerel with jellyfish --- 5-4B. Ontogeny of mechanisms in associating with jellyfish --- 6. Behavioral ontogeny of common pelagic fishes with reference to the population replacement --- 6-1. Introduction --- 6-2. Materials and methods --- 6-2A. Fish husbandry --- 6-2B. Swimming speed --- 6-2C. Anti-predator performance --- 6-3. Results --- 6-3A. Growth --- 6-3B. Swimming speed and anti-predator performance --- 6-4. Discussion --- 6-4A. Growth performance of hatchery-reared pelagic fish larvae and comparison to wild conspecifics --- 6-4B. Swimming speeds in the context of feeding ecology --- 6-4C. Inter-specific difference of the ontogeny of anti-predator performance --- 6-4D. Environmental factors as a driving force of population replacement --- 7. General discussion: Towards the sustainable management of fisheries resources --- 7-1. Implications of ontogenetic study for the fisheries resource management --- 7-2. Perspectives for the sustainable management in fisheries resources

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Beyond Kyoto conference in Aarhus March 2009 was organised in collaboration with other knowledge institutions, businesses and authorities. It brought together leading scientists, policy-makers, authorities, intergovernmental organisations, NGO's, business stakeholders and business organisations. The conference was a joint interdisciplinary project involving many academic areas and disciplines. These conference proceedings are organised in central and recurring themes that cut across many debates on climate change, the climatic challenges as well as the solutions. In the front there is a short presentation of the conference concept. Part I of the proceedings focuses on issues related to the society – covering climate policy, law, market based instruments, financial structure, behaviour and consumption, public participation, media communication and response from indigenous peoples etc. Part II of the proceedings concerns the scientific knowledge base on climate related issues – covering climate change processes per se, the potential impacts of projected climate change on biodiversity and adaptation possibilities, the interplay between climate, agriculture and biodiversity, emissions, agricultural systems, increasing pressure on the functioning of agriculture and natural areas, vulnerability to extreme weather events and risks in respect to sea-level rise etc...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reconstructing past climate and past ocean circulation demands the highest possible precision and accuracy which urges the scientific community to look at different sediment records such as the ones from coastal zones to deep-sea with a more complete set of technical and methodological tools. However, the information given by each tool varies in precision, accuracy and in significance according to their environmental settings. It is therefore essential to compare tools. With that in mind, and as part of the International year of Planet Earth, a workshop entitled `From deep-sea to coastal zones: Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments' took place in Faro (Portugal), from 25–29 February 2008 in order to: present several methods and techniques that can be used for studying sediments from deep-sea to coastal zones, namely for reconstructing palaeoenvironments in order to document past climatic changes and short to long-term environmental processes; allow cross experience between different fields and specialties, either from deep-sea to coastal zones or from micropaleontology to geochemistry; give the opportunity to students from different universities and countries to attend the workshop; publish a special volume on the presented methods and techniques during the workshop. The workshop was organized in four non-parallel sessions dealing with the use of micropaleontology, isotopes, biogeochemistry and sedimentology, as tools for palaeoenvironmental studies. The present IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science proceedings reflect this organization and papers are published in each theme. The papers are either short reviews or case studies and are highlighted below. The remains of microorganisms found in sediments are the main proxies used in micropaleontological studies. However, the link between fossilized remains and their living origin is not easy to reconstruct only based on the geologic/sedimentary record. Accordingly, Barbosa presents a review of the actual knowledge of living phytoplankton dynamics and the processes, or environmental conditions, which could contribute to the production of fossilized biogenic remains. In the next paper, de Vernal presents a review, based on several case studies, on how palynological fossils observed in sediments are used in tracing biogenic fluxes, characterizing sedimentary environments, or even reconstructing hydrographical conditions and productivity. The two other papers presented in the micropaleontological proxy section are case studies on the use of dinoflagellates (Rochon) and calcareous plankton remains (Guerreiro et al), respectively, to better understand their local or regional environmental living characteristics ant therefore their specific interpretation for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at a regional scale. Isotopic proxies can be used either as provenance tracers or as chronometers of different processes. Once again, each study can provide a very specific framework of the proxies' use and it is very important to know and evaluate the limits of these tools in each environment and/or type of analyzed material. Accordingly, the two first articles deal with the study of organic carbon either by carbon and oxygen stable isotopes (Hélie) or by radiocarbon (Mollhenhauer and Rethemeyer) analysis. The two other articles in this section deal with the use of radioisotopes. Ghaleb reviews the methods for measuring short-lived radiosisotopes in sediments, giving examples of their use for estimating recent sedimentary accumulation rates; whereas Hillaire-Marcel reviews the potential use of U-series isotopes as radiochronometers in biogenic carbonates. Geochemistry groups more than one field of expertise. However, in the present section, inorganic geochemistry is not treated and both articles present work on a very specific, and at the same time very complex, compound of the organic matter realm: black carbon. As such, Veilleux et al present a density fractionation method for isolating the small quantities of soot-like and graphitic material usually found in natural samples, whereas González-Vila et al. illustrate the potential of the combined use of analytical pyrolysis and solid state 13C NMR to determine the presence of black carbon and to characterize the refractory organic matter in marine sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain). In the last section, two papers are presented and discuss sedimentological proxies. In their paper, using diffuse spectral reflectance data, Veiga-Pires and Mestre try to determine if `twinned cores' (or paired cores) can be used as duplicate records to increase the volume of sediments collected in the field, whereas Drago et al discuss the use of fish remains in sediments for the reconstruction of paleoproductivity. Each of the above papers benefited from the constructive comments of at least two reviewers and we wish to sincerely thank the reviewers for their timely evaluation. We also thank the participants, volunteers and organizers of the workshop for their implication, making this first workshop on Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments (METECH) a success. The workshop and this proceeding would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of GEOTOP, CIMA, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FACC07/1/1315) and IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This second special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics in honor of Keiiti Aki focuses on recent advances in quantifying and interpreting heterogeneities in lithosperic structures and earthquake behavior. The volume provides a combination of reviews, methodological studies and applications on topics related to Aki's pioneering contributions. It also includes material on Keiiti Aki and a list of his publications. The discussed subjects include research associated with dynamic earthquake rupture, studies on imaging earthquake locations and structures using P and S seismic phases, and studies associated with imaging source and structure properties using scattered coda waves. The volume will be useful to students and researchers alike, who are interested in the nature of large- and small-scale heterogeneities in the earth's lithosphere and earthquake properties.