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  • Zeitschriften
  • Artikel  (172.914)
  • American Physical Society (APS)  (75.161)
  • MDPI Publishing  (52.519)
  • Hindawi  (45.234)
  • 2015-2019  (172.914)
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  • 1
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    Contribution of Atmospheric Advection to the Amplified Winter Warming in the Arctic North Atlantic Region (2017)
    Hindawi
    In:  EPIC3Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi, (492862), ISSN: 1687-9317
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-05
    Beschreibung: Arctic Amplification of climate warming is caused by various feedback processes in the atmosphere-ocean-ice system and yields the strongest temperature increase during winter in the Arctic North Atlantic region. In our study, we attempt to quantify the advective contribution to the observed atmospheric warming in the Svalbard area. Based on radiosonde measurements from Ny-Ålesund, a strong dependence of the tropospheric temperature on the synoptic flow direction is revealed. Using FLEXTRA backward trajectories, an increase of advection from the lower latitude Atlantic region towards Ny-Ålesund is found that is attributed to a change in atmospheric circulation patterns. We find that about one-quarter (0.45 K per decade) of the observed atmospheric winter near surface warming trend in the North Atlantic region of the Arctic (2 K per decade) is due to increased advection of warm and moist air from the lower latitude Atlantic region, affecting the entire troposphere.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Geochemical and Isotopic Characterisation of Actual Lacustrine Sediments from the Hydrothermal Lake Specchio di Venere, Pantelleria Island (Italy) (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Hydrothermal lakes are a very common feature in volcanic environments, and among these lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria island, Italy) has attracted the interest of several researchers due to its peculiar characteristics. With the aim of improving the knowledge of its mineralogy, our work pointed out the characterisation of the bottom lake sediments. We collected and analysed 5 sediments cores around the shoreline, determining the mineralogical phases, concentration of major, minor, and trace elements, and the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in the carbonate phases. Our findings remarked a general compositional homogeneity in both the vertical and horizontal distribution of mineral phases, with the exception of peculiar geological niches connoted by biological and hydrothermal activities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: ID 8414581
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Pantelleria ; Sediments ; Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    A Customizable Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Building Block for the Synthesis of Classical and Reversible Circuits (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-10
    Beschreibung: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell count and/or better latency than other proposed designs.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Entropy, Vol. 17, Pages 5729-5751: Deformed Algebras and Generalizations of Independence on Deformed Exponential Families (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: A deformed exponential family is a generalization of exponential families. Since the useful classes of power law tailed distributions are described by the deformed exponential families, they are important objects in the theory of complex systems. Though the deformed exponential families are defined by deformed exponential functions, these functions do not satisfy the law of exponents in general. The deformed algebras have been introduced based on the deformed exponential functions. In this paper, after summarizing such deformed algebraic structures, it is clarified how deformed algebras work on deformed exponential families. In fact, deformed algebras cause generalization of expectations. The three kinds of expectations for random variables are introduced in this paper, and it is discussed why these generalized expectations are natural from the viewpoint of information geometry. In addition, deformed algebras cause generalization of independences. Whereas it is difficult to check the well-definedness of deformed independence in general, the κ-independence is always well-defined on κ-exponential families. This is one of advantages of κ-exponential families in complex systems. Consequently, we can well generalize the maximum likelihood method for the κ-exponential family from the viewpoint of information geometry.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Entropy, Vol. 17, Pages 5752-5770: Consistency of Learning Bayesian Network Structures with Continuous Variables: An Information Theoretic Approach (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: We consider the problem of learning a Bayesian network structure given n examples and the prior probability based on maximizing the posterior probability. We propose an algorithm that runs in O(n log n) time and that addresses continuous variables and discrete variables without assuming any class of distribution. We prove that the decision is strongly consistent, i.e., correct with probability one as n ! 1. To date, consistency has only been obtained for discrete variables for this class of problem, and many authors have attempted to prove consistency when continuous variables are present. Furthermore, we prove that the “log n” term that appears in the penalty term of the description length can be replaced by 2(1+ε) log log n to obtain strong consistency, where ε > 0 is arbitrary, which implies that the Hannan–Quinn proposition holds.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 9330-9341: The Willingness-to-Pay for General Practitioners in Contractual Service and Influencing Factors among Empty Nesters in Chongqing, China (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Background: In 2012, a pilot health policy of contractual service relations between general practitioners and patients was implemented in China. Due to the decline in body and cognitive function, as well as the lack of family care and narrow social support networks, the demand of health services among the elderly is much higher than that among the general population. This study aims to probe into the empty nesters’ willingness-to-pay for general practitioners using a contractual service policy, investigating empty nesters’ payment levels for the service, and analyze the main factors affecting the willingness of empty-nesters’ general practitioners using contractual service supply cost. Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted a multistage stratified sampling method to survey 865, city empty nesters (six communities in three districts of one city) aged 60–85 years. A condition value method was used to infer the distribution of the willingness-to-pay; Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of willingness-to-pay. Results: More than seventy percent (76.6%) of the empty nesters in this city were willing to pay general practitioners using contract service in Chongqing. The level of willingness-to-pay for the surveyed empty nesters was 34.1 yuan per year. The median value was 22.1 yuan per year, which was below the Chongqing urban and rural cooperative medical insurance individual funding level (60 yuan per year) in 2013. Cox’s proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the higher the education level was, the worse the self-reported health status would be, accompanied by higher family per capita income, higher satisfaction of community health service, and higher willingness-to-pay empty nesters using a contract service. Women had a higher willingness-to-pay than men. Conclusions: The willingness-to-pay for general practitioners by contractual service is high among city empty nesters in Chongqing, thus, individual financing is feasible. However, people are willing to pay less than half of the current personal financing of cooperative medical insurance of urban and rural residents. Education level, family per capita income, and self-reported health status are the main factors affecting the cost sharing intention for general practitioners using contract service supply. According to the existing situation of different empty nesters, it is important to perfect the design of general practitioners using a contractual service policy system, according to differentiated personal financing levels.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Performance Improvement of Inertial Navigation System by Using Magnetometer with Vehicle Dynamic Constraints (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: A navigation algorithm is proposed to increase the inertial navigation performance of a ground vehicle using magnetic measurements and dynamic constraints. The navigation solutions are estimated based on inertial measurements such as acceleration and angular velocity measurements. To improve the inertial navigation performance, a three-axis magnetometer is used to provide the heading angle, and nonholonomic constraints (NHCs) are introduced to increase the correlation between the velocity and the attitude equation. The NHCs provide a velocity feedback to the attitude, which makes the navigation solution more robust. Additionally, an acceleration-based roll and pitch estimation is applied to decrease the drift when the acceleration is within certain boundaries. The magnetometer and NHCs are combined with an extended Kalman filter. An experimental test was conducted to verify the proposed method, and a comprehensive analysis of the performance in terms of the position, velocity, and attitude showed that the navigation performance could be improved by using the magnetometer and NHCs. Moreover, the proposed method could improve the estimation performance for the position, velocity, and attitude without any additional hardware except an inertial sensor and magnetometer. Therefore, this method would be effective for ground vehicles, indoor navigation, mobile robots, vehicle navigation in urban canyons, or navigation in any global navigation satellite system-denied environment.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Study on the Weak Decays (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Motivated by the prospects of the potential particle at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments, we studied the weak decays, where = , , . The nonfactorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements are taken into consideration with the QCDF approach. It is found that the CKM-favored decay has branching ratio of , which might be measured promisingly by the future experiments.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Materials, Vol. 8, Pages 5138-5153: A Unified Model for the Prediction of Yield Strength in Particulate-Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Materials
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Lightweighting in the transportation industry is today recognized as one of the most important strategies to improve fuel efficiency and reduce anthropogenic climate-changing, environment-damaging, and human death-causing emissions. However, the structural applications of lightweight alloys are often limited by some inherent deficiencies such as low stiffness, high wear rate and inferior strength. These properties could be effectively enhanced by the addition of stronger and stiffer reinforcements, especially nano-sized particles, into metal matrix to form composites. In most cases three common strengthening mechanisms (load-bearing effect, mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion, and Orowan strengthening) have been considered to predict the yield strength of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs). This study was aimed at developing a unified model by taking into account the matrix grain size and porosity (which is unavoidable in the materials processing such as casting and powder metallurgy) in the prediction of the yield strength of MMNCs. The Zener pinning effect of grain boundaries by the nano-sized particles has also been integrated. The model was validated using the experimental data of magnesium- and titanium-based nanocomposites containing different types of nano-sized particles (namely, Al2O3, Y2O3, and carbon nanotubes). The predicted results were observed to be in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Pareto-Ranking Based Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiobjective Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: A study on pareto-ranking based quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) for multiobjective optimization problems is presented in this paper. During the iteration, an external repository is maintained to remember the nondominated solutions, from which the global best position is chosen. The comparison between different elitist selection strategies (preference order, sigma value, and random selection) is performed on four benchmark functions and two metrics. The results demonstrate that QPSO with preference order has comparative performance with sigma value according to different number of objectives. Finally, QPSO with sigma value is applied to solve multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problems.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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