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  • Sediment transport  (8)
  • Remote sensing
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (8)
  • Elsevier  (6)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2015-2019  (14)
  • 1
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    The Lusi drone: A multidisciplinary tool to access extreme environments (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Extreme and inaccessible environments are a new frontier that unmanned and remotely operated ve-hicles can today safely access and monitor. The Lusi mud eruption (NE Java Island, Indonesia) representsone of these harsh environments that are totally unreachable with traditional techniques. Here boilingmud is constantly spewed tens of meters in height and tall gas clouds surround the 100 m wide activecrater. The crater is surrounded by a ~600 m diameter circular zone of hot mud that prevents anyapproach to investigate and sample the eruption site. In order to access this active crater we designedand assembled a multipurpose drone.The Lusi drone is equipped with numerous airborne devices suitable for use on board of other mul-ticopters. During the missions, three cameras can complete 1) video survey, 2) high resolution photo-grammetry of desired and preselected polygons, and 3) thermal photogrammetry surveys with infra-redcamera to locate hotfluids seepage areas or faulted zones. Crater sampling and monitoring operationscan be pre-planned with aflight software, and the pilot is required only for take-off and landing. A winchallows the deployment of gas, mud and water samplers and contact thermometers to be operated withno risk for the aircraft. During the winch operations (that can be performed automatically), the aircrafthovers at a safety height until the tasks controlled by the winch-embedded processor are completed. Thedrone is also equipped with GPS-connected CO2and CH4sensors. Gridded surveys using these devicesallowed obtaining 2D maps of the concentration and distribution of various gasses over the area coveredby theflight path.The device is solid, stable even with significant wind, affordable, and easy to transport. The Lusi dronesuccessfully operated during several expeditions at the ongoing active Lusi eruption site and proved to bean excellent tool to study other harsh or unreachable sites, where operations with more conventionalmethods are too expensive, dangerous or simply impossible
    Description: LUSI LAB project, PI A. Mazzini; esearch Council of Norway through itsCenters of Excellence funding scheme, Project Number 223272; BPLS (Badan Penanggulangan Lumpur Sidoarjo, Sidoarjo Mudflow Management Agency)
    Description: Published
    Description: 26-37
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lusi mud eruption ; Drone-UAV ; Multirotor ; Remote sampling ; Remote sensing ; Indonesia ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Retrieval and intercomparison of volcanic SO2 injection height and eruption time from satellite maps and ground-based observations (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Syneruptive gas flux time series can, in principle, be retrieved from satellite maps of SO2 collected during and immediately after volcanic eruptions, and used to gain insights into the volcanic processes which drive the volcanic activity. Determination of the age and height of volcanic plumes are key prerequisites for such calculations. However, these parameters are challenging to constrain using satellite-based techniques. Here, we use imagery from OMI and GOME-2 satellite sensors and a novel numerical procedure based on back-trajectory analysis to calculate plume height as a function of position at the satellite measurement time together with plume injection height and time at a volcanic vent location. We applied this new procedure to three Etna eruptions (12 August 2011, 18 March 2012 and 12 April 2013) and compared our results with independent satellite and ground-based estimations. We also compare our injection height time-series with measurements of volcanic tremor, which reflects the eruption intensity, showing a good match between these two datasets. Our results are a milestone in progressing towards reliable determination of gas flux data from satellite-derived SO2 maps during volcanic eruptions, which would be of great value for operational management of explosive eruptions.
    Description: 1) European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2.007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 279802, project 283 CO2Volc. 2) MEDiterranean SUpersite Volcanoes 280 (MED-SUV) WP 3.3.3
    Description: Published
    Description: 79-91
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic SO2 ; Trajectory modelling ; Remote sensing ; Volcanic tremor ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Survey of shoreline structures, Popponesset Beach, MA (2017)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The structures along a 12 km section of the shoreline of Cape Cod, Mass., were evaluated for condition and effectiveness at protecting the coast. Structures in the area include groins, jetties, revetments, and seawalls; each has been located, photographed and described. The region has been subject to erosion in recent years, including the loss of a 1 km section of barrier spit. The role of shoreline structures in controlling or enhancing the erosion was examined as part of a larger study of coastal processes in the area. The shoreline structures serve two primary functions: beach enhancement and protection of the bluffs from erosion. The structures• effects on bluffs and beaches in their immediate vicinity (approximately lOOm along the coastline to the north and south of the structure) are detailed in this report. Seawalls generally protect the cliffs into which they are built without enhancing erosion of surrounding bluffs, though the bluffs are protected at the expense of the beaches in the central area (Meadow Point). Large scale changes in beach configuration are not primarily caused by local, small-scale structures, but rather by a more regional paucity of sand input into the system. This scarcity is caused in part by large jetties controlling inlet flows to Waquoit Bay, which impedes free transport of sand into the area.
    Description: Funding was provided through a Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management Program Community Assistance Grant by the Town of Mashpee and through NOAA, Office of Sea Grant under Grant NA80AA-D-00077 (RB-40).
    Keywords: Shore protection ; Sediment transport
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
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    Inner-shelf ocean dynamics and seafloor morphologic changes during Hurricane Sandy (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Continental Shelf Research 138 (2017): 1-18, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2017.02.003.
    Description: Hurricane Sandy was one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history, making landfall on the New Jersey coast on October 30, 2012. Storm impacts included several barrier island breaches, massive coastal erosion, and flooding. While changes to the subaerial landscape are relatively easily observed, storm-induced changes to the adjacent shoreface and inner continental shelf are more difficult to evaluate. These regions provide a framework for the coastal zone, are important for navigation, aggregate resources, marine ecosystems, and coastal evolution. Here we provide unprecedented perspective regarding regional inner continental shelf sediment dynamics based on both observations and numerical modeling over time scales associated with these types of large storm events. Oceanographic conditions and seafloor morphologic changes are evaluated using both a coupled atmospheric-ocean-wave-sediment numerical modeling system that covered spatial scales ranging from the entire US east coast (1000 s of km) to local domains (10 s of km). Additionally, the modeled response for the region offshore of Fire Island, NY was compared to observational analysis from a series of geologic surveys from that location. The geologic investigations conducted in 2011 and 2014 revealed lateral movement of sedimentary structures of distances up to 450 m and in water depths up to 30 m, and vertical changes in sediment thickness greater than 1 m in some locations. The modeling investigations utilize a system with grid refinement designed to simulate oceanographic conditions with progressively increasing resolutions for the entire US East Coast (5-km grid), the New York Bight (700-m grid), and offshore of Fire Island, NY (100-m grid), allowing larger scale dynamics to drive smaller scale coastal changes. Model results in the New York Bight identify maximum storm surge of up to 3 m, surface currents on the order of 2 ms−1 along the New Jersey coast, waves up to 8 m in height, and bottom stresses exceeding 10 Pa. Flow down the Hudson Shelf Valley is shown to result in convergent sediment transport and deposition along its axis. Modeled sediment redistribution along Fire Island showed erosion across the crests of inner shelf sand ridges and sedimentation in adjacent troughs, consistent with the geologic observations.
    Description: This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and conducted by the Coastal Change Processes Project. This research was supported in part by the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program.
    Keywords: Shoreface connected sand ridges ; Sediment transport ; Fire Island, NY ; Hurricane Sandy ; Inner shelf ; Numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Proceedings of a Workshop on Coastal Zone Research in Massachusetts : (November 27-28, 1978) (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: A workshop on Coastal Zone Research held on 27 and 28 November, 1978, at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, brought together fifty researchers actively studying physical processes in the Massachusetts coastal zone (Appendix 1). Presentations were given by nearly half of the participants to acquaint other researchers with their past, present, and future research interests. Summaries of the presentations are included in Appendix 3. Although the scope of the workshop was narrow, emphasizing only selected aspects of coastal zone research, it represented an important attempt to assess our knowledge of physical processes in the nearshore, and to encourage cooperation and communication between scientists. Two sets of recommendations evolved from the workshop. The first set recommends ways to facilitate scientist - user communication, and provide more rapid dissemination of coastal research results. The second set describes areas of future research in the Massachusetts coastal zone. Neither of the two sets of recommendations is comprehensive: they reflect primarily the opinions and judgements of the workshop participants. Because of the interest expressed by the participants, the workshop will be held on an annual basis until the need for such meetings disappears. Future workshops may have specific goals, e.g. preparation of coastal erosion maps or historical shoreline change maps. Future meetings may also have more state, federal, and local governmental participants in an effort to foster scientist - user communications. The workshop was co-sponsored by the Woods Hole Sea Grant Program and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The Woods Hole Sea Grant Program has offered to co-sponsor future Workshops on Coastal zone Research as part of their continued interest in the Massachusetts coastal zone.
    Description: Prepared for the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant 04-8-M01-149 and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Coastal zone management ; Beach erosion ; Sediment transport
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Satellite image processing for the Agulhas Retroflexion region (2015)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: In order to analyze the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite data from South Africa, a software package has been written. Methodology and algorithms are described which create geometrically corrected registered satellite images over the Agulhas Retroflexion region. Also discussed are programs to overlay latitude and longitude lines, ship tracks, and ancillary data. A method of masking the land and compositing images for cloud removal is also described.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Numbers N00014-82-C-0019, NR 083-004, N00014-85-C-001, NR 083-004, and N00014-87-K-0007, NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Electronic data processing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of video-based linear depth inversion performance and applications using altimeters and hydrographic surveys in a wide range of environmental conditions (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Coastal Engineering 136 (2018): 147-160, doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.01.003.
    Description: The performance of a linear depth inversion algorithm, cBathy, applied to coastal video imagery was assessed using observations of water depth from vessel-based hydrographic surveys and in-situ altimeters for a wide range of wave conditions (0.3 〈 significant wave height 〈 4.3 m) on a sandy Atlantic Ocean beach near Duck, North Carolina. Comparisons of video-based cBathy bathymetry with surveyed bathymetry were similar to previous studies (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.75 m, bias = −0.26 m). However, the cross-shore locations of the surfzone sandbar in video-derived bathymetry were biased onshore 18–40 m relative to the survey when offshore wave heights exceeded 1.2 m or were greater than half of the bar crest depth, and broke over the sandbar. The onshore bias was 3–4 m when wave heights were less than 0.8 m and were not breaking over the sandbar. Comparisons of video-derived seafloor elevations with in-situ altimeter data at three locations onshore of, near, and offshore of the surfzone sandbar over ∼1 year provide the first assessment of the cBathy technique over a wide range of wave conditions. In the outer surf zone, video-derived results were consistent with long-term patterns of bathymetric change (r2 = 0.64, RMSE = 0.26 m, bias = −0.01 m), particularly when wave heights were less than 1.2 m (r2 = 0.83). However, during storms when wave heights exceeded 3 m, video-based cBathy over-estimated the depth by up to 2 m. Near the sandbar, the sign of depth errors depended on the location relative to wave breaking, with video-based depths overestimated (underestimated) offshore (onshore) of wave breaking in the surfzone. Wave speeds estimated by video-based cBathy at the initiation of wave breaking often were twice the speeds predicted by linear theory, and up to three times faster than linear theory during storms. Estimated wave speeds were half as fast as linear theory predictions at the termination of wave breaking shoreward of the sandbar. These results suggest that video-based cBathy should not be used to track the migration of the surfzone sandbar using data when waves are breaking over the bar nor to quantify morphological evolution during storms. However, these results show that during low energy conditions, cBathy estimates could be used to quantify seasonal patterns of seafloor evolution.
    Description: This research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Field Data Collection Program, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology under ERDC's research program titled “Force Projection Entry Operations, STO D.GRD.2015.34”, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory base program from the Office of Naval Research, a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship funded by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, and the National Science Foundation.
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Beach morphology ; Depth inversion ; Bathymetry estimation ; Video imaging ; Surfzone
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  • 8
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    A compilation of digitized satellite imagery of the Gulf Stream (1982, 1983, and 1985) (2015)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Ninety plots of digitized temperature boundaries from infared satellite images of the Gulf Stream along with corresponding image snapshots were compiled to determine stream width propagation speed. The satellite images are from the years 1982, 1983, and 1985 and are often of consecutive days. In this report, these images and digitized plots are presented.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contract Number N00014-87-K-0007, and by the National Science Foundation under grant Numbers OCE 87-00601 and OCE 85-10828.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Ocean temperature ; Remote sensing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Capturing coastal water clarity variability with Landsat 8 (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Luis, K. M. A., Rheuban, J. E., Kavanaugh, M. T., Glover, D. M., Wei, J., Lee, Z., & Doney, S. C. Capturing coastal water clarity variability with Landsat 8. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145, (2019): 96-104, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.078.
    Description: Coastal water clarity varies at high temporal and spatial scales due to weather, climate, and human activity along coastlines. Systematic observations are crucial to assessing the impact of water clarity change on aquatic habitats. In this study, Secchi disk depths (ZSD) from Boston Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Cape Cod Bay, and Narragansett Bay water quality monitoring organizations were compiled to validate ZSD derived from Landsat 8 (L8) imagery, and to generate high spatial resolution ZSD maps. From 58 L8 images, acceptable agreement was found between in situ and L8 ZSD in Buzzards Bay (N = 42, RMSE = 0.96 m, MAPD = 28%), Cape Cod Bay (N = 11, RMSE = 0.62 m, MAPD = 10%), and Narragansett Bay (N = 8, RMSE = 0.59 m, MAPD = 26%). This work demonstrates the value of merging in situ ZSD with high spatial resolution remote sensing estimates for improved coastal water quality monitoring.
    Description: This work was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (grant 14-106159-000-CFP) and by the National Science Foundation grant DGE 1249946, Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT): Coasts and Communities – Natural and Human Systems in Urbanizing Environments. Lastly, we are indebted to the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Buzzards Bay Coalition, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, Narragansett Bay Commission, and the numerous citizen scientists responsible for collecting the in situ measurements used in this study. Comments and suggestions from our anonymous reviewer were greatly appreciated.
    Keywords: Water quality ; Secchi disk depth ; Remote sensing ; Landsat
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  • 10
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    The HEBBLE II report : proceedings of the second annual workshop on the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment held at the Keystone Center for Continuing Education, March 19-24, 1979 (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: In 1978, the first Keystone Conference addressed the scientific problems of sediment transport in a high energy flow such as the Western Boundary Undercurrent. Sedimentologists, physical oceanographers, geologists, optical oceanographers, biologists, and ocean engineers planned a program called the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment (HEBBLE) to measure ocean floor bed-forms, sediment properties, turbulent flow structure, suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes, mixed layer thickness, outer scale velocity and horizontal gradients of density in a carefully surveyed site yet to be selected. While measurements were suggested, specific instruments were not identified to implement them. It was encouraging that the scientists participating in the first HEBBLE Conference wanted to continue to plan a multi-disciplinary experiment. Because of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's experience in management of planetary science experiments, autonomous instrumentation, image processing and data handling, we invited them to develop our experimental plan. Conferences were held in September at Woods Hole and November, 1978 at JPL to develop the instrumental ensemble. JPL involvement was concentrated on the extended deployment part of HEBBLE: the 6-month experiment. The March 20-23, 1979 conference brought JPL engineers and managers, HEBBLE scientists and PI's, ONR and NASA program managers together in Keystone, Colorado for presentation and discussion of the JPL program plan. This report summarizes the conference and includes reports by subcommittees of the conference on measurements and data sampling.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment (HEBBLE) ; Sediment transport ; Ocean currents
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  • 11
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    Observations and 3D hydrodynamics-based modeling of decadal-scale shoreline change along the Outer Banks, North Carolina (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Coastal Engineering 120 (2017): 78-92, doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.11.014.
    Description: Long-term decadal-scale shoreline change is an important parameter for quantifying the stability of coastal systems. The decadal-scale coastal change is controlled by processes that occur on short time scales (such as storms) and long-term processes (such as prevailing waves). The ability to predict decadal-scale shoreline change is not well established and the fundamental physical processes controlling this change are not well understood. Here we investigate the processes that create large-scale long-term shoreline change along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, an uninterrupted 60 km stretch of coastline, using both observations and a numerical modeling approach. Shoreline positions for a 24-yr period were derived from aerial photographs of the Outer Banks. Analysis of the shoreline position data showed that, although variable, the shoreline eroded an average of 1.5 m/yr throughout this period. The modeling approach uses a three-dimensional hydrodynamics-based numerical model coupled to a spectral wave model and simulates the full 24-yr time period on a spatial grid running on a short (second scale) time-step to compute the sediment transport patterns. The observations and the model results show similar magnitudes (O(105 m3/yr)) and patterns of alongshore sediment fluxes. Both the observed and the modeled alongshore sediment transport rates have more rapid changes at the north of our section due to continuously curving coastline, and possible effects of alongshore variations in shelf bathymetry. The southern section with a relatively uniform orientation, on the other hand, has less rapid transport rate changes. Alongshore gradients of the modeled sediment fluxes are translated into shoreline change rates that have agreement in some locations but vary in others. Differences between observations and model results are potentially influenced by geologic framework processes not included in the model. Both the observations and the model results show higher rates of erosion (∼−1 m/yr) averaged over the northern half of the section as compared to the southern half where the observed and modeled averaged net shoreline changes are smaller (〈0.1 m/yr). The model indicates accretion in some shallow embayments, whereas observations indicate erosion in these locations. Further analysis identifies that the magnitude of net alongshore sediment transport is strongly dominated by events associated with high wave energy. However, both big- and small- wave events cause shoreline change of the same order of magnitude because it is the gradients in transport, not the magnitude, that are controlling shoreline change. Results also indicate that alongshore momentum is not a simple balance between wave breaking and bottom stress, but also includes processes of horizontal vortex force, horizontal advection and pressure gradient that contribute to long-term alongshore sediment transport. As a comparison to a more simple approach, an empirical formulation for alongshore sediment transport is used. The empirical estimates capture the effect of the breaking term in the hydrodynamics-based model, however, other processes that are accounted for in the hydrodynamics-based model improve the agreement with the observed alongshore sediment transport.
    Description: This study was also supported by the United States Geological Survey Coastal Change Processes Project and Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program.
    Keywords: Sediment transport ; Shoreline change ; Alongshore transport ; Outer Banks; NC ; Aerial photography ; COAWST ; ROMS ; SWAN ; Three-dimensional ; Modeling ; Wave modeling ; Nearshore modeling ; Model coupling
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  • 12
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    Sediment transport in a tidal inlet (2017)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Various aspects of sediment transport in and around natural, unstructured tidal inlets were investigated over the two year period of study. Concentrating on two tidal inlets (Nauset Inlet and Popponesset Inlet, Cape Cod, MA), and combining detailed field observations with numerical model studies of tidal flows in inlet/estuarine environments, several aspects of tidal inlet behavior have been clarified. In addition, field work has resulted in a number of technical publications of general utility to a wide spectrum of coastal research interest. Primary scientific items addressed in this study include: 1) diagnostic numerical model of generation and propagation of tidal non-liniarities in shallow estuarine channels; 2) effects of flow curvature on tidal inlet sediment transport; 3) definition of mechanisms by which tidal inlets migrate in a direction opposite to the net littoral drift direction; 4) hypothesis of a mechanism for rapid barrier spit growth in locations with low rates of littoral transport; 5) clarification of long-term patterns of sea-level rise in the United States to assess its role in tidal inlet/esturarine evolution; 6) historical descriptions of massive inlet migration at two study inlets as supporting evidence for the inlet modeling studies. Technical information generated by the study includes a description of a low-cost, reliable method to join nearshore electrical cables; description and intercomparison of instrumentation and analysis routines for estimating directional spectral parameters from wave gage data; and development of a field system and laboratory analysis package for preparing accurate bathymetric charts in shallow, nearshore regions, using microwave navigation and precision echo-sounding.
    Description: Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant DAAG 29-81-K-0004 and the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grants NA79AA-D-00102 and NA80AA-D-00077.
    Keywords: Sediment transport ; Inlets
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 13
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    Sea duct : a deep-sea computer-controlled recirculating flume for the study of sea floor stability : final report (2015)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Sea Duct Ocean-Bottom Laboratory is a computer controlled recirculating inverted flume for the in-situ study of sediment transport. It is designed to measure the sea floor response to controlled currents analogous to those generated by surface waves, tidal, or deep ocean storms. The external support frame is an equilateral triangle with sixteen foot sides. It is 12 feet high, has an air weight of 12,500 lbs., and a 2800 lb. submerged weight. Three lead acid battery packs located at the vertex of the triangle legs provide power for the recirculating water pumps, hydraulic power, and ancillary equipment. The inner rotatable structure consists of a 4 foot long by 2 foot wide open bottom windowed test section that is 9 inches high. It is connected to 30 feet of 8 inch tube configured as an elongated toroid. Above the test section is a traverse carriage with stereo camera, flash, and a laser Doppler velocimeter to measure fluid stresses. Internal flow velocities are controlled and can be ramped up to approximately 2 ft/sec providing shear stress sufficient to scour sand, silts, and fine clays. Water and sediment sampling devices obtain specimens from inside and outside the test section. This report consists of three sections. The first subdivision discusses the electro-mechanical systems and deployment- recovery techniques, while the second portion covers the microprocessor controller and its support equipment. The third section contains the appendices, which consists of program listings, schematics, system and deployment check-list, etc.
    Description: Office of Naval Research, Environmental Sciences Directorate, under Contracts N00014-85-C-0001 and N00014-87-K-007
    Keywords: Marine sediments ; Sediment transport ; Ocean bottom ; Ocean currents ; Data processing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 14
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    Particle fluxes, south central Black Sea : 1982-1985 (2015)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Black Sea Sedimentation data file, V. 1
    Description: Annual particle fluxes were measured by sediment traps deployed at a station about 40 km north of Amasra, Southern Black Sea, by an international team of oceanographers from Germany, Turkey, and the United States. This experiment continuously monitored oceanic particle flux for two and a half years from October 28, 1982 to April 6, 1985 at approximately two-week intervals at 250 m and 1200 m below the surface using 1.2 m2 Mark 5-12 time-series sediment traps. The water depth at this station was about 2,200 m and both traps were situated within the anoxic layer of the Black Sea. The collected flux samples were analyzed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to document the basic sedimentary characteristics using a quarter of each sample split. In the first data file from this experiment, total mass, carbonate, noncombustible, combustible, opal (biogenic silica), organic carbon, and organic nitrogen fluxes data are presented in bar graphs and detailed tables, in unit samples covering a two-week period at each depth. The Black Sea Sedimentation Data File is intended to provide source data on particle fluxes from this unique ocean environment for further investigation and for planning advanced research programs.
    Description: Funding for the field program was provided by: Forderkennzeichen KF 1001./2, BMFT National Science Foundation OCE82-8736 (partial) Turkish Research Council Funding for laboratory analysis was supported by National Science Foundation OCE86-017106
    Keywords: Koca Piri Reis (Ship) Cruise ; Sedimentation and deposition ; Sediment transport
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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