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  • Etna  (8)
  • Climate-change ecology
  • MISCELLANEA INGV  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 2015-2019  (9)
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Year
  • 1
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    MED-SUV project: First results and ongoing activities of WP 5 – Task 5.1. Characterization of the threatening phenomena from space and ground (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Explosive events, lava-fountains and effusions frequently characterize eruptive activity at Etna. Consequently, the town of Catania and many local municipalities are potentially exposed to ash fallout and lava flows. Besides volcanic hazard, earthquakes and landslides affect this volcanic region as well. The Task 5.1 of the European project "MED-SUV'' (Grant Agreement n°. 308665) deals with the observation of these threatening phenomena from space and ground and their characterization and understanding. The Task encompasses six subtasks, which focus on and analyze the aforementioned hazards in terms of their characteristics, duration and spatial dimension: • Test cases for significant eruptive events have been defined by the subtask 5.1.1. The time span from 2005 to 2011 was chosen for its wealth of eruptive episodes and their well-documented evolution; • The mapping of eruptive products from satellite data will allow us the improvement of the interpretation and modeling of the mechanisms of cone-forming and lava flow emplacement. This topic is developed in the subtask 5.1.2; • Multidisciplinary experiments are planned in the subtask 5.1.3, and will be carried out at the North­ East Crater in July 2014; • Another important deliverable is given by tools of data mining proposed by the subtask 5.1.4. These tools will be available for the analysis of parameters of whatever nature (e.g., geochemical, geophysical), providing they are processed in numerical format; • The subtask 5.1.5 provides a characterization of the volcanic plume and eruptive products, with an integrated analysis of atmospheric, satellite and ground-based measurements, which play an important role in ash-cloud dispersal models; • The sub 5.1.6 focuses on landslide susceptibility analysis and zoning. The goal will be to highlight the regional distribution of potentially unstable slopes based on a detailed study of the factors responsible for landslides.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; threatening phenomena ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 2
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    Failed eruptions : examples revealed by a multidisciplinary study at Mt Etna in spring 2007 (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano usually unveils remarkable changes in geophysical and geochemical parameters before the onset of volcanic activity. However, signals of apparent impending volcanic unrest are sometimes recorded without being followed by any eruption. Based on data acquired by the permanent monitoring networks run by INGV, we present cases of "failed eruptions" at Mt Etna from February to April 2007. In the time span analyzed, there were recurrent seismic unrest episodes in the form of enhancements of the volcanic tremor amplitude, which did not culminate in eruptive activity. To explain the origin of these variations, we propose a multidisciplinary study, in which we analyze plume S02 flux, in­ soil radon and ambient parameters (pressure and temperature), thermal and volcanic tremor data. A pattern classification method based on Kohonen maps and fuzzy clustering sheds further light on changes in volcanic tremor, radon and ambient parameters. Overall, we conclude that the variations observed were the results of episodes of gas pulses and/or rock fracturing. The fluid pressure build up allowed upraise of magma batches that generally failed to reach the surface. Actually, only two "real eruptions" (with short­-lived lava fountains on March 29 and April 10-11) occurred during the studied period. In summary, the application of unsupervised classification techniques to volcanic tremor, radon data and ambient parameters represent a promising tool for the surveillance of active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; data mining ; seismic data ; thermal data ; SO2 flux ; in-situ Radon measurement ; failed eruption ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example o fthe 1809 Etna eruption (Italy) (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we describe the 1809 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, which represents one historical rare case in which it is possible to observe details of the internal structure of the feeder system. This is possible thanks to the presence of two large pit craters located in the middle of the eruptive fracture field that allow studying a section of the shallow feeder system. Along the walls of one of these craters, we analysed well-exposed cross sections of the uppermost 15–20 m of the feeder system and related volcanic products. Here, we describe the structure, morphology and lithology of this portion of the 1809 feeder system, including the host rock which conditioned the propagation of the dyke, and compare the results with other recent eruptions. Finally, we propose the dynamic model of the magma behaviour inside a laterally-propagating feeder dyke, demonstrating how this dynamic triggered important changes in the eruptive style (from effusive/Strombolian to phreatomagmatic) during the same eruption. Our results are also useful for hazard assessment related to the development of flank eruptions, potentially the most hazardous type of eruption from basaltic volcanoes in densely urbanized areas, such as Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: feeder dyke ; basaltic volcanoes ; flank eruptions ; Etna ; volcanic hazards ; sill ; volcanic rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Mt. Etna Test Cases for MED-SUV project. (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of MED-SUV, WP5 is in charge of studying Mt. Etna's volcanic activity. We defmed periods and phenomena of the volcano activity to be used by the WP5 partners as Test Cases in the time window 2005-2011 i.e. that of the data available in the MED-SUV database. Overall, characterisation of eruptive activity and/or periods of quiescence will improve our knowledge on the geophysical and geochemical processes taking place inside Mt. Etna's volcanic system. These processes to be characterized include: • magma formation and evolution, • conditions of storage and transfer of magma in reservoirs at different levels within the crust; • physical and chemical interaction of magma with surrounding rocks and fracture/fault systems and their effects at the surface; • opening of eruptive vents/fissures as well as eruptive processes (including the formation and evolution of lava fields, volcanic plumes, pyroclastic fallout, etc.). The joint effort around the Test Cases will help the WP5 team addressing key questions such as: • what has determined changes of Mt. Etna eruptive style (mainly effusive vs. short-lasting, frequent paroxysmal events) in the last decades? • how is the shallow plumbing system (-1-4 km from the summit) structured? What are the processes occurring in this portion of the volcano feeding system and the key parameters controlling these processes? How does magma behave at shallow depths? • what is the suitability of cross-correlated parameters/models for shedding light on the relationship between shallow (〈5-6 km) earthquakes of the eastern flank ofMt. Etna and volcanic activity (if any)? For such questions, analysing carefully the periods of "quiescence" that precede eruptions is not less important than analyzing the eruptions themselves.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; test cases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
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    Seismic footprints of shallow dyke propagation at Etna, Italy (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the key issues in forecasting volcanic eruptions is to detect signals that can track the propagation of dykes towards the surface. Continuous monitoring of active volcanoes helps significantly in achieving this goal. The seismic data presented here are unique, as they document surface faulting processes close (tens to a few hundred meters) to their source, namely the dyke tip. They originated nearby - and under - a seismic station that was subsequently destroyed by lava flows during eruptive activity at Etna volcano, Italy, in 2013. On February 20, a ~600 m-long and ~120 m wide NW-SE fracture field opened at an altitude between 2750 and 2900 m. The consequent rock dislocation caused the station to tilt and offset the seismic signal temporarily. Data acquisition continued until the arrival of the lava flow that led to the breakdown of the transmission system. Shallow ground fracturing and repeated low-frequency oscillations occurred during two stages in which the seismic signal underwent a maximum offset ~2.57 E+04 nm/s. Bridging instrumental recordings, fieldwork and conceptual modelling, these data are interpreted as the seismic footprints of a magmatic dyke intrusion that moved at speed ~0.02 m/s (first stage) and 0.46 m/s (second stage).
    Description: This work was supported by the MED-SUV project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308665.
    Description: Published
    Description: 11908
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: dyke propagation ; Etna ; seismic signals ; ground fracturing ; conceptual modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    A novel approach to estimate the eruptive potential and probability in open conduit volcanoes (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In open conduit volcanoes, volatile-rich magma continuously enters into the feeding system nevertheless the eruptive activity occurs intermittently. From a practical perspective, the continuous steady input of magma in the feeding system is not able to produce eruptive events alone, but rather surplus of magma inputs are required to trigger the eruptive activity. The greater the amount of surplus of magma within the feeding system, the higher is the eruptive probability.Despite this observation, eruptive potential evaluations are commonly based on the regular magma supply, and in eruptive probability evaluations, generally any magma input has the same weight. Conversely, herein we present a novel approach based on the quantification of surplus of magma progressively intruded in the feeding system. To quantify the surplus of magma, we suggest to process temporal series of measurable parameters linked to the magma supply. We successfully performed a practical application on Mt Etna using the soil CO2 flux recorded over ten years.
    Description: Published
    Description: 30471
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: eruptive potential ; eruptive probability ; open conduit volcanoes ; Etna ; Soil CO2 flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Factors Controlling the Transition from Strombolian Explosions to Lava Fountaining at Mount Etna: a Mass- and Energy-Constrained Model from the 2013 Paroxysmal Activity (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-03
    Description: A multidisciplinary approach based on image analysis of seismic signals, thermodynamics and mass balance has been here adopted to find quantitative relations between magma degassing at depth and the transition from Strombolian activity to lava fountaining for a set of paroxysmal eruptions occurred at Mt. Etna volcano in March-April 2013. The image processing of the seismogram allows handling of a huge quantity of data, providing a tool for the simple extraction of numerical values. We propose a model based on the consideration that gas outbursts are a vehicle of the transfer of energy tracked by seismic signals during the uprising of magma. Thus, the simple assumption of a relation of proportionality between the energy of the seismic signal and the mass of exsolved gas allows us to interpret transitions of the eruptive style as due to the amount of undegassed magma recharging the feeding system. Changes of this recharge rate in the range of 1:20 control the evolution of the eruptive process, and are evidence for the limited area section of the feeding conduit. Being this transition process observed in volcanic regions worldwide, the model can be successfully applied to other basaltic volcanoes. Furthermore, the image analysis technique may be applied to other contexts in which the interpretation of seismograms is necessary.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; magma degassing ; modelling ; image processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 8
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    New insights into the 2008-2009 Etna eruption from in-soil radon measurements and seismic activity (2017)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main aims of the WP5 Task 5.1 “Characterization of the threatening phenomena from space and ground” of the European MEDiterrranean Supersite Volcanoes (MED­SUV) project was the analysis of the Mt. Etna eruptive activity from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this paper, we take into account an eruptive event, which offers an intriguing case study to scrutinize the relationships between a few geochemical and geophysical parameters during a long-lasting (15 months) lava emission. The eruption started on 13 May 2008, three days after a lava fountaining, and finished on 6 July 2009. Based on continuous borehole measurements of in-soil radon (Rn) emission and ambient parameters (barometric pressure and air temperature measurements), we explore the variations of the gas before and during the eruptive activity in the light of local seismic activity, considering volcanic tremor and earthquakes. We can shed light on the dyke intrusion that fed this eruption also exploiting an exceptional point of view, as the station for the Rn flux measurements is located on a fumarole at an altitude of 2950 m above sea level and near (~1 km) the summit active craters. Accordingly, this study offers new insights on the recharging phases that preceded and accompanied the 2008-2009 eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: Rome, Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: eruptions ; Radon measurements ; seismic activity ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    CO2 and fire influence tropical ecosystem stability in response to climate change (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 29587, doi:10.1038/srep29587.
    Description: Interactions between climate, fire and CO2 are believed to play a crucial role in controlling the distributions of tropical woodlands and savannas, but our understanding of these processes is limited by the paucity of data from undisturbed tropical ecosystems. Here we use a 28,000-year integrated record of vegetation, climate and fire from West Africa to examine the role of these interactions on tropical ecosystem stability. We find that increased aridity between 28–15 kyr B.P. led to the widespread expansion of tropical grasslands, but that frequent fires and low CO2 played a crucial role in stabilizing these ecosystems, even as humidity changed. This resulted in an unstable ecosystem state, which transitioned abruptly from grassland to woodlands as gradual changes in CO2 and fire shifted the balance in favor of woody plants. Since then, high atmospheric CO2 has stabilized tropical forests by promoting woody plant growth, despite increased aridity. Our results indicate that the interactions between climate, CO2 and fire can make tropical ecosystems more resilient to change, but that these systems are dynamically unstable and potentially susceptible to abrupt shifts between woodland and grassland dominated states in the future.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grants EAR0601998, EAR0602355, AGS0402010, ATM0401908, ATM0214525, ATM0096232 and AGS1243125 and a Chevron Centennial Fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin awarded to T.M.S.
    Keywords: Climate-change ecology ; Palaeoclimate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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