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Towards integrating evolution, metabolism, and climate change studies of marine ecosystems (2019)

Baltar, Federico ; Bayer, Barbara ; Bednarsek, Nina ; [weitere]

Elsevier

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Baltar, F., Bayer, B., Bednarsek, N., Deppeler, S., Escribano, R., Gonzalez, C. E., Hansman, R. L., Mishra, R. K., Moran, M. A., Repeta, D. J., Robinson, C., Sintes, E., Tamburini, C., Valentin, L. E., & Herndl, G. J. Towards integrating evolution, metabolism, and climate change studies of marine ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 34(11), (2019): 1022-1033, doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.003.

Beschreibung: Global environmental changes are challenging the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, a mechanistic understanding of how global environmental changes will affect ecosystems is still lacking. The complex and interacting biological and physical processes spanning vast temporal and spatial scales that constitute an ecosystem make this a formidable problem. A unifying framework based on ecological theory, that considers fundamental and realized niches, combined with metabolic, evolutionary, and climate change studies, is needed to provide the mechanistic understanding required to evaluate and forecast the future of marine communities, ecosystems, and their services.

Beschreibung: This work arose from the international workshop IMBIZO 5: Marine biosphere research for a sustainable ocean: Linking ecosystems, future states and resource management, organized by the IMBeR (Integrated Marine Biosphere Research) Program, and held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in October 2017. In particular, this work was generated from the working group from Workshop 2: Metabolic diversity and evolution in marine biogeochemical cycling and ocean ecosystem processes. The constructive criticism of three reviewers on a previous version of the manuscript is gratefully acknowledged. F.B. was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship by the Royal Society of New Zealand. G.J.H. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project ARTEMIS (P28781-B21).

Schlagwort(e): Marine ecosystems ; Niche ; Evolution ; Metabolism ; Climate change

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Materialart: Article

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Accelerated freshening of Antarctic Bottom Water over the last decade in the Southern Indian Ocean (2017)

Menezes, Viviane V. ; Macdonald, Alison M. ; Schatzman, Courtney

American Association for the Advancement of Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Science Advances 3 (2017): e1601426, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601426.

Beschreibung: Southern Ocean abyssal waters, in contact with the atmosphere at their formation sites around Antarctica, not only bring signals of a changing climate with them as they move around the globe but also contribute to that change through heat uptake and sea level rise. A repeat hydrographic line in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, occupied three times in the last two decades (1994, 2007, and, most recently, 2016), reveals that Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) continues to become fresher (0.004 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1), warmer (0.06° ± 0.01°C decade−1), and less dense (0.011 ± 0.002 kg/m3 decade−1). The most recent observations in the Australian-Antarctic Basin show a particularly striking acceleration in AABW freshening between 2007 and 2016 (0.008 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1) compared to the 0.002 ± 0.001 kg/g decade−1 seen between 1994 and 2007. Freshening is, in part, responsible for an overall shift of the mean temperature-salinity curve toward lower densities. The marked freshening may be linked to an abrupt iceberg-glacier collision and calving event that occurred in 2010 on the George V/Adélie Land Coast, the main source region of bottom waters for the Australian-Antarctic Basin. Because AABW is a key component of the global overturning circulation, the persistent decrease in bottom water density and the associated increase in steric height that result from continued warming and freshening have important consequences beyond the Southern Indian Ocean.

Beschreibung: The 2016 I08S cruise and the analysis and science performed at sea, as well as the individual principal investigators were funded through multiple National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NSF grants including NSF grant OCE-1437015. The research for this article was mainly completed at sea. For land-based work, V.V.M. relied on her postdoctoral funding through NSF grant OCE-1435665, and A.M.M. was supported in part by NSF grant OCE-1356630 and NOAA grant NA11OAR4310063.

Schlagwort(e): Salinity ; AABW ; Changes ; Water masses ; T-S properties ; Iceberg ; Calving ; Antartica ; Abyss ; Climate change

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Underground gamma-ray measurements of radium isotopes from hydrothermal plumes in the deep Pacific Ocean (2019)

Hult, Mikael ; Charette, Matthew A. ; Lutter, Guillaume ; [weitere]

Elsevier

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hult, M., Charette, M., Lutter, G., Marissens, G., Henderson, P., Sobiech-Matura, K., & Simgen, H. Underground gamma-ray measurements of radium isotopes from hydrothermal plumes in the deep Pacific Ocean. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 153, (2019): 108831, doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108831.

Beschreibung: The radium isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra can provide important data on the dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes that travel the oceans for decades and have great impact on the ocean chemistry. This study focuses on parameters important for obtaining low detection limits for 228Ra using gamma-ray spectrometry. It is present at mBq-levels in samples collected during the US GEOTRACES 2013 cruise to the Southeast Pacific Ocean.

Beschreibung: The work of the HADES-staff of Euridice at SCK•CEN is gratefully acknowledged. We are most grateful to Dr. Faidra Tzika for her work in the precursor to this project. Many thanks to Heiko Stroh for quality control and measurements in HADES. This research was supported in part by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Ocean Sciences division (OCE-1232669 and OCE-1736277).

Schlagwort(e): γ-ray spectrometry ; HPGe detectors ; Hydrothermal plume ; Climate change ; Underground laboratory ; GEOTRACES

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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