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  • Chukchi Sea
  • Temperature
  • Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu  (9)
  • Elsevier  (5)
  • Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.  (3)
  • 2015-2019  (17)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 118 (2015): 122-135, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.008.
    Description: A coupled biophysical model is used to examine the impact of changes in sea ice and snow cover and nutrient availability on the formation of massive under-ice phytoplankton blooms (MUPBs) in the Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean over the period 1988–2013. The model is able to reproduce the basic features of the ICESCAPE (Impacts of Climate on EcoSystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment) observed MUPB during July 2011. The simulated MUPBs occur every year during 1988–2013, mainly in between mid-June and mid-July. While the simulated under-ice blooms of moderate magnitude are widespread in the Chukchi Sea, MUPBs are less so. On average, the area fraction of MUPBs in the ice-covered areas of the Chukchi Sea during June and July is about 8%, which has been increasing at a rate of 2% yr–1 over 1988–2013. The simulated increase in the area fraction as well as primary productivity and chlorophyll a biomass is linked to an increase in light availability, in response to a decrease in sea ice and snow cover, and an increase in nutrient availability in the upper 100 m of the ocean, in conjunction with an intensification of ocean circulation. Simulated MUPBs are temporally sporadic and spatially patchy because of strong spatiotemporal variations of light and nutrient availability. However, as observed during ICESCAPE, there is a high likelihood that MUPBs may form at the shelf break, where the model simulates enhanced nutrient concentration that is seldom depleted between mid-June and mid-July because of generally robust shelf-break upwelling and other dynamic ocean processes. The occurrence of MUPBs at the shelf break is more frequent in the past decade than in the earlier period because of elevated light availability there. It may be even more frequent in the future if the sea ice and snow cover continues to decline such that light is more available at the shelf break to further boost the formation of MUPBs there.
    Description: This work is supported by the NASA Cryosphere Program and Climate and Biological Response Program and the NSF Office of Polar Programs (Grant Nos. NNX12AB31G; NNX11AO91G; ARC-0901987).
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Chukchi Sea ; Phytoplankton ; Blooms ; Sea ice ; Snow depth ; Light availability ; Nutrient availability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Continental Shelf Research 124 (2016): 165-181, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.06.005.
    Description: A new hydrographic climatology has been created for the continental shelf region, extending from the Labrador shelf to the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The 0.2-degree climatology combines all available observations of surface and bottom temperature and salinity collected between 1950 and 2010 along with the location, depth and date of these measurements. While climatological studies of surface and bottom temperature and salinity have been presented previously for various regions along the Canadian and U.S. shelves, studies also suggest that all these regions are part of one coherent system. This study focuses on the coherent structure of the mean seasonal cycle of surface and bottom temperature and salinity and its variation along the shelf and upper slope. The seasonal cycle of surface temperature is mainly driven by the surface heat flux and exhibits strong dependency on latitude (r≈−0.9). The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of bottom temperature is rather dependent on the depth, while the spatial distribution of bottom temperature is correlated with latitude. The seasonal cycle of surface salinity is influenced by several components, such as sea-ice on the northern shelves and river discharge in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The bottom salinity exhibits no clear seasonal cycle, but its spatial distribution is highly correlated with bathymetry, thus Slope Water and its intrusion on the shelf can be identified by its relatively high salinity compared to shallow, fresher shelf water. Two different regimes can be identified, especially on the shelf, separated by the Laurentian Channel: advection influences the phasing of the seasonal cycle of surface salinity and bottom temperature to the north, while in the southern region, river runoff and air-sea heat flux forcing are dominant, especially over the shallower bathymetry.
    Description: Support from NSF OCE PO to Y-OK (OCE-1242989 and OCE-1435602) and SJL (OCE-1332666).
    Keywords: Seasonal climatology ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Dataset ; Shelf
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Regional Studies in Marine Science 18 (2018): 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.12.004.
    Description: The variations of temperature and salinity in the Sudanese coastal zone of the Red Sea are studied for the first time using measurements acquired from survey cruises during 2009–2013 and from a mooring during 2014–2015. The measurements show that temperature and salinity variability above the permanent pycnocline is dominated by seasonal signals, similar in character to seasonal temperature and salinity oscillations observed further north on the eastern side of the Red Sea. Using estimates of heat flux, circulation and horizontal temperature/salinity gradients derived from a number of sources, we determined that the observed seasonal signals of temperature and salinity are not the product of local heat and mass flux alone, but are also due to alongshore advection of waters with spatially varying temperature and salinity. As the temperature and salinity gradients, characterized by warmer and less saline water to the south, exhibit little seasonal variation, the seasonal salinity and temperature variations are closely linked to an observed seasonal oscillation in the along-shore flow, which also has a mean northward component. We find that the inclusion of the advection terms in the heat and mass balance has two principal effects on the computed temperature and salinity series. One is that the steady influx of warmer and less saline water from the south counteracts the long-term trend of declining temperatures and rising salinities computed with only the local surface flux terms, and produces a long-term steady state in temperature and salinity. The second effect is produced by the seasonal alongshore velocity oscillation and most profoundly affects the computed salinity, which shows no seasonal signal without the inclusion of the advective term. In both the observations and computed results, the seasonal salinity signal lags that of temperature by roughly 3 months.
    Description: The SPS surveys were funded by the Norwegian Norad’s Program for Master Studies and organized by IMR–RSU in Port Sudan. The central Red Sea mooring data were acquired as part of a WHOI–KAUST collaboration funded by Award Nos. USA00001, USA00002, and KSA00011 to the WHOI by the KAUST in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work of I. Skjelvan and A.M. Omar was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through the MIMT Center for Research-based Innovation. This work is part of a Ph.D. project at GFI–UiB funded by the Norwegian Quota program .
    Keywords: Coastal Red Sea ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Time series ; Seasonality ; Alongshore advection
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 102 (2015): 43-54, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.004.
    Description: Over the past few decades, sea ice retreat during summer has been enhanced in the Pacific sector of the Arctic basin, likely due in part to increasing summertime heat flux of Pacific-origin water from the Bering Strait. Barrow Canyon, in the northeast Chukchi Sea, is a major conduit through which the Pacific-origin water enters the Arctic basin. This paper presents results from 6 repeat high-resolution shipboard hydrographic/velocity sections occupied across Barrow Canyon in summer 2010. The different Pacific water masses feeding the canyon – Alaskan coastal water (ACW), summer Bering Sea water (BSW), and Pacific winter water (PWW) – all displayed significant intra-seasonal variability. Net volume transports through the canyon were between 0.96 and 1.70 Sv poleward, consisting of 0.41–0.98 Sv of warm Pacific water (ACW and BSW) and 0.28–0.65 Sv of PWW. The poleward heat flux also varied strongly, ranging from 8.56 TW to 24.56 TW, mainly due to the change in temperature of the warm Pacific water. Using supplemental mooring data from the core of the warm water, along with wind data from the Pt. Barrow weather station, we derive and assess a proxy for estimating heat flux in the canyon for the summer time period, which is when most of the heat passes northward towards the basin. The average heat flux for 2010 was estimated to be 3.34 TW, which is as large as the previous record maximum in 2007. This amount of heat could melt 315,000 km2 of 1-meter thick ice, which likely contributed to significant summer sea ice retreat in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean.
    Description: MI, TK, YF, KO and DS were supported by Green Network of Excellence Program (GRENE Program), Arctic Climate Change Research Project ‘Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences’ by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan. RP was supported by grant ARC-1203906 from the US National Science Foundation. CA was supported by grant ARC-1023331 from the US National Science Foundation and by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (NOAA Cooperative AgreementNA09OAR4320129) with funds provided by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through an Interagency Agreement between the US Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. SV was supported by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. MI and TK were supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. MI, TK, YF and KO were supported by Grant no. 2014-23 from Joint Research Program of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University. YF and KO were supported by grants-in-aid 20221001 for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. JTM was supported by grant PLR-1041102 from the US National Science Foundation.
    Keywords: Polar oceanography ; Arctic Ocean ; Chukchi Sea ; Heat fluxes ; Volume transports ; Water properties
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 152 (2018): 67-81, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.05.020.
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), driven by rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), is rapidly advancing in the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR), producing conditions newly corrosive to biologically important carbonate minerals like aragonite. Naturally short linkages across the PAR food web mean that species-specific acidification stress can be rapidly transmitted across multiple trophic levels, resulting in widespread impacts. Therefore, it is critical to understand the formation, transport, and persistence of acidified conditions in the PAR in order to better understand and project potential impacts to this delicately balanced ecosystem. Here, we synthesize data from process studies across the PAR to show the formation of corrosive conditions in colder, denser winter-modified Pacific waters over shallow shelves, resulting from the combination of seasonal terrestrial and marine organic matter respiration with anthropogenic CO2. When these waters are subsequently transported off the shelf, they acidify the Pacific halocline. We estimate that Barrow Canyon outflow delivers ~2.24 Tg C yr-1 to the Arctic Ocean through corrosive winter water transport. This synthesis also allows the combination of spatial data with temporal data to show the persistence of these conditions in halocline waters. For example, one study in this synthesis indicated that 0.5–1.7 Tg C yr-1 may be returned to the atmosphere via air-sea gas exchange of CO2 during upwelling events along the Beaufort Sea shelf that bring Pacific halocline waters to the ocean surface. The loss of CO2 during these events is more than sufficient to eliminate corrosive conditions in the upwelled Pacific halocline waters. However, corresponding moored and discrete data records indicate that potentially corrosive Pacific waters are present in the Beaufort shelfbreak jet during 80% of the year, indicating that the persistence of acidified waters in the Pacific halocline far outweighs any seasonal mitigation from upwelling. Across the datasets in this large-scale synthesis, we estimate that the persistent corrosivity of the Pacific halocline is a recent phenomenon that appeared between 1975 and 1985. Over that short time, these potentially corrosive waters originating over the continental shelves have been observed as far as the entrances to Amundsen Gulf and M’Clure Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The formation and transport of corrosive waters on the Pacific Arctic shelves may have widespread impact on the Arctic biogeochemical system and food web reaching all the way to the North Atlantic.
    Description: National Science Foundation Grant PLR-1303617.
    Keywords: Ocean acidification ; Pacific Arctic ; Arctic Ocean ; East Siberian Sea ; Chukchi Sea ; Beaufort Sea ; Transport ; Arctic Rivers ; Sea Ice ; Respiration ; Upwelling ; Biological vulnerability ; Community resilience
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  • 6
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: UW FHL Temperature & Salinity
    Description: Hourly seawater temperature and salinity values taken by an SBE 37 MicroCAT at UW FHL (University of Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories) in Friday Harbor between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/775732
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1041213
    Keywords: Salinity ; SST ; Temperature ; Friday Harbor ; Salish Sea ; Puget Sound
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  • 7
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Montagna-783256-Hydrography
    Description: The effects of Hurricane Harvey were studied. This dataset includes hydrographic measurements (temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH, refraction) from San Antonio Bay, northwest Gulf of Mexico estuaries along the Texas coast. They were taken during eleven quarterly sampling trips on a small boat, Feb. 2017 - July 2019. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/784614
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1760006
    Keywords: San Antonio Bay ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; PH
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  • 8
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Physical monitoring data
    Description: Despite their importance for research and environmental protection, there’s still a shortage of high quality and high-resolution temperature, pH, and oxygen data particularly in shallow coastal habitats. We monitor five important environmental parameters (i.e., depth, temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) at 30 minute intervals in Mumford Cove, CT (41°19’25”N 72°01’07”W), a small (2 km N-S × 0.5 km E-W), shallow (1-5m), cone-shaped embayment opening to the northeastern Long Island Sound, with protected marsh habitat along its western side, marsh and beach habitat along its eastern side, and an extensive seagrass (Zostera marina) cover. Continuous monitoring is achieved by swapping identical and recalibrated probes (Eureka Manta Sub2) every 3-5 weeks. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/659874
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536336
    Keywords: Salinity ; PH ; Temperature ; Depth ; Dissolved oxygen ; Long Island Sound ; Marsh ; Seagrass
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  • 9
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: CTD data from LMG1110
    Description: Hydrographic data from 20 CTD casts in the Southern Ocean around the South Shetland Islands and Palmer Archipelago, Western Antarctic Peninsula in November 2011. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/559174
    Description: NSF Antarctic Sciences (NSF ANT) ANT-1044982
    Keywords: CTD ; Temperature ; Conductivity ; Depth ; Southern Ocean
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: 1. Dataset: Descriptions of hurricanes affecting St. John (doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.664760 URL: http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/664267) 2. Dataset: Rainfall and temperature data (doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.664755 URL: http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/664254) 3. Dataset: Octocoral abundance by genera (doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.664750 URL: http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/664241) 4. Dataset: Coral and macroalgae abundance and distribution (doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.664745 URL: http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/664223)
    Description: Photoquadrats recorded from 1987 – 2013 in Lameshur Bay, St. John, USVI, were used to quantify octocoral and scleractinian and macroalgae abundance with generic resolution. Data are reported as percent cover for scleractinians and octocorals, and and individual counts for octocorals. Physical environmental data from 1989 – 2013 are were recorded using in situ data loggers, weather stations and data buoys, to provide seawater temperature data, hurricane severity index and rainfall.
    Description: NSF Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1332915, NSF Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) DEB-1350146, DEB-0841441
    Keywords: Octocorals ; Scleractinia ; Hurricane ; Rainfall ; Temperature
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  • 11
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: McMurdo Sound CTDs
    Description: CTD data were collected as part of an ecosystem study in McMurdo Sound, which is located at the southern extent of the Ross Sea in the Southern Ocean. The major goal of this multi-disciplinary project was to assess the influence of top−down forcing (predation) on pelagic zooplankton and fish. During the first year (3 November 2012 – 21 January 2013), the CTD was deployed through ice core holes in the fast ice (sea ice attached to land), sampling from near surface to depths between 97 and 175 m. Stations were located along a transect in the middle of McMurdo Sound, perpendicular to the fast ice edge. In the second year (17 November 2014 – 1 January 2015), CTD casts were deployed between 100 and 254 m in depth, at stations along the fast ice edge, and along three transects into the fast ice along the eastern side of McMurdo Sound (Ross Island), in the middle of the Sound, and on the western side of the Sound. Chlorophyll fluorescence sensor measurements on the CTD casts were only made during the 2014/2015 field expedition. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/680929
    Description: NSF Division of Polar Programs (NSF PLR) PLR-0944511
    Keywords: Temperature ; Salinity ; PH ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Southern Ocean
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  • 12
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Arctic Nitrogen Fixation Rates
    Description: This dataset provides rates of nitrogen fixation for the coastal Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Nitrogen fixation supplies ‘new’ nitrogen to the global ocean and supports primary production and impacts global biogeochemical cycles. Historically, nitrogen fixation in marine waters was considered a predominantly warm water process but this and other recent studies have shown that nitrogen fixation is occurring at low rates in polar waters. This dataset reports rates of 3.5 – 17.2 nmol N L-1 d-1 in the ice-free coastal Alaskan Arctic. Additional investigations of high-latitude marine diazotrophic physiology are required to refine these N2 fixation estimates. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/701789
    Description: NSF Arctic Sciences (NSF ARC) PLR-0909839
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Temperature ; Arctic Ocean ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Chukchi Sea
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  • 13
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Pacific Panama SST
    Description: Sea surface temperature in Pacific Panama, 2016-2018. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/776478
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1535007
    Keywords: Panama ; Sea surface temperature ; SST ; Temperature
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  • 14
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-23
    Description: This is the first experimental study of the manipulation of temperature and nutrients in periphytic algae communities of the Rio Paraná floodplain, and constitutes a part of the LTER (Long Term Ecological Research)/CNPq project, site 6. The study set out to evaluate via a mesocosm experiment, the influence of the decrease in temperature and the addition of the nutrients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on the structure of periphytic algae communities in terms of specific composition, richness, and abundance. It is comprised of three chapters: Chapter 1, Effect of temperature and nutrient concentration on the specific composition and richness of periphytic algae: a mesocosm experiment; Chapter 2, Response of the periphytic diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) to the alteration of temperature and artificial nutrient enrichment; and Chapter 3, Periphytic algae response to temperature changes and artificial nutrient enrichment. Diatoms were considered separately from the other classes of algae due to their dominance in the floodplain periphyton. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: control group (C), added nutrients (P+, N+, NP+) at 25ºC, and at 15ºC without added nutrients. Glass slides were used for the periphytic algae colonization, and the samples were taken on the 15th and 31st days following colonization. Principal Components Analysis showed 63.32% of the total variability in the abiotic data on the first two axes, and the different treatments were distinguishable. In this study, a total of 285 periphytic algae taxa were recorded. The classes which most contributed to the richness where, in order: Zygnemaphyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. In terms of abundance, the Bacillariophyceae dominated, with over 84% of the total overall periphytic algae density. The periphytic algae responded sensitively to decreases in temperature and increases in nutrient concentrations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed a clear difference between the control, the cool treatment group, and the added nutrient group. The richness and, in general, the overall density, were greater in the cool treatment group. The specific composition of these treatments differed. The relative densities of some Bacillariophyceae genera were lower in the cool treatment than in the control, and others higher, principally Zygnemaphyceae. Periphytic algae responded sensitively to artificial nutrient enrichment. Species richness was favored in the groups with added nutrients, principally those with N+, followed by NP+ and P+. However, the total densities of algae were in general lower with the addition of nutrients compared with the control group. The algae responded differently to the addition of nutrients, principally P. Phosphorus may be considered a forcing agent of periphytic algae density, as can be observed by the rapid response after the addition of artificial nutrients. The addition of nutrients altered the abundance of periphytic algae classes, with the substitution of Cyanophyceae by other groups. In the specific case of diatoms, the total density was lowest in the treatments with added nutrients than in the control group, possibly due principally to the response of the A. minutissimum complex, which was dominant, and presented greater density in the control group and cool treatment. In general, relative densities were greatest in treatments with added nitrogen (N+ and NP+), except for the Achnanthidium and Cymbella genera. This study shows that with decrease in temperature and the addition of nutrients, clear changes occur in composition and abundance. It is important to remember, however, that the response of periphytic algae depends greatly on the species present in the environment. Considering the importance of periphytic algae in ecosystem productivity and the retention of nutrients in reservoirs, principally phosphorus, be aware of possible future alterations in the system's food chain.
    Description: O presente estudo constituiu o primeiro trabalho experimental de manipulação de temperatura e nutrientes para a comunidade de algas perifíticas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e está inserido no projeto PELD - Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração/CNPq, sítio 6. Este trabalho visou avaliar, em um experimento em mesocosmos, a influência da diminuição de temperatura e adição de nutrientes, fósforo (P) e nitrogênio (N), na estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas, em termos de composição específica, riqueza e abundância. O estudo foi estruturado em três capítulos: (Capítulo 01) O efeito da temperatura e concentração de nutrientes na composição específica e riqueza de algas perifíticas: um experimento em mesocosmos; (Capítulo 02) Resposta das diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) perifíticas às alterações de temperatura e ao enriquecimento artificial de nutrientes; (Capítulo 03) Respostas das algas perifíticas às alterações de temperatura e ao enriquecimento artificial de nutrientes. As diatomáceas foram consideradas separadamente das demais classes de algas devido à sua dominância no perifíton na planície de inundação. O delineamento experimental constituiu de cinco tratamentos: controle (C) e adição de nutrientes (P+, N+ e NP+) a 25ºC, e frio (F) com diminuição da temperatura a 15ºC e sem adição de nutrientes. Lâminas de vidro foram utilizadas como substrato artificial para colonização das algas e as amostragens foram feitas entre o 15º ao 31º dia de sucessão das algas perifíticas. Análise de Componentes Principais resumiu 63,32% da variabilidade total dos dados abióticos em seus dois primeiros eixos, podendo-se observar a separação dos tratamentos. No estudo foi registrado um total de 285 táxons de algas perifíticas, distribuídos em 107 gêneros e dez classes. As classes que mais contribuíram para a riqueza foram, nessa ordem, Zygnemaphyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae e Cyanophyceae. Já em termos de abundância, ocorreu dominância de Bacillariophyceae, que representaram acima de 84% da densidade total de algas perifíticas em todo o experimento. A diminuição da temperatura e o enriquecimento de nutrientes alteraram a estrutura das algas perifíticas. Pela Análise de Correspondência Canônica (ACC) fica clara a separação entre o controle e os tratamento frio e com adição de nutrientes. A riqueza e em geral, a densidade total, foram maiores no tratamento frio. A composição específica das comunidades desses tratamentos diferiu. As densidades relativas de alguns gêneros de Bacillariophyceae foram menores no tratamento frio do que no controle. Em relação às demais classes, a diminuição de temperatura afetou a abundância das algas, principalmente pela redução da densidade relativa de Cyanophyceae, que era abundante no controle, e aumento das demais, principalmente de Zygnemaphyceae. As algas perifíticas responderam sensivelmente ao enriquecimento artificial de nutrientes. A riqueza de espécies foi favorecida nos tratamentos com adição de nutrientes, principalmente de N+, seguido por NP+ e P+. Contudo, a densidade total das algas foi, em geral, menor nos tratamentos com adição de nutrientes comparado com o controle. As algas responderam diferentemente às adições de nutrientes, com cada tratamento apresentando uma estrutura específica de composição e densidade de algas. As densidades relativas das classes (exceto Bacillariophyceae), em geral, aumentaram com a adição de nutrientes, principalmente de P. O fósforo pode ser considerado direcionador na densidade das algas perifíticas, como pode ser observado pela rápida resposta após os enriquecimentos artificiais. A adição de nutrientes alterou a abundância das classes de algas perifíticas com substituição de Cyanophyceae pelos demais grupos. Considerando-se as diatomáceas especificamente, a densidade total foi menor nos tratamentos com adição de nutrientes do que no controle, podendo ser devido principalmente à resposta do complexo A. minutissimum que foi dominante e apresentou maiores densidades no controle e frio. Em geral, as densidades relativas foram maiores nos tratamentos com adição de nitrogênio, tratamentos N+ e NP+, exceto para os gêneros Achnanthidium e Cymbella. Conclui-se com este estudo que a diminuição de temperatura e o enriquecimento nas concentrações de nutrientes alteraram a estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas. Apesar do aumento na riqueza favorecida pela diminuição da temperatura e adição de nutrientes, mudanças claras na composição e abundância das algas ocorreram. Importante ressaltar que a resposta das algas perifíticas depende das espécies presentes no ambiente. Considerando a importância da comunidade perifítica na produtividade do ecossistema e a retenção dos nutrientes pelos reservatórios, principalmente o fósforo, alertar-se para as possíveis alterações futuras na cadeia trófica do sistema.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Periphytic algae ; Ciências Ambientais ; Abundance ; Richness and species composition ; Temperature ; Paraná River ; Floodplain ; Brazil ; Riqueza e composição de espécies ; Enriquecimento artificial ; Planície de inundação ; Abundância ; Perifíton ; Algas perifíticas ; Ecologia ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Artificial enrichment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 83pp.
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The presented data suggest that acclimatization times of exponentially growing diatoms to environmental perturbations may be weeks to months, rather than days to weeks. The response of acclimatized T. weissflogii to pCO2 depended on irradiance and temperature and was highly interactive, non-linear, and non-uniform. A very significant negative effect of pCO2 was observed under growth conditions that were light-, and temperature-limited; a smaller, but still significant negative response was seen under light-limiting growth conditions, whereas pCO2 did not affect growth rates of T. weissflogii under light-saturated growth conditions. Cell quotas of organic carbon, nitrogen, or chlorophyll a were linked to growth rate. The cell-normalized production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) was positively correlated with POC cell quotas, with some minor impact of irradiance and pCO2 on the relationship. This correlation of TEP production with carbon cell quotas is consistent with the hypothesis that extracellular release is an inherent component of cell metabolism. Results suggest that elevated pCO2 functions as an (additional) metabolic stressor for T. weissflogii and that the interaction of different stressors determines growth rates and cell characteristics in a complex, non-linear relationship.
    Description: The increase in partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is causing ocean acidification, which impacts the growth rates and elemental composition of phytoplankton. Here, shifts in growth rates and cell quotas of Thalassiosira weissflogii grown under a variety of different temperatures, irradiances, and pCO2 conditions are discussed.
    Description: This research was supported by NSF Grant: OCE-0926711
    Keywords: Ocean Acidification ; Temperature ; Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) ; Climate change ; Diatom ; Thalassiosira weissflogii ; Partial Pressure CO2 (pCO2) ; Growth Rates ; Cell Quotas ; Marinobacter adhaerens HP15
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/csv
    Format: application/pdf
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This study tested experimentally the hypothesis that traíra Hoplias aff. malabaricus is a keystone predator in isolated lagoons of the upper Paraná River floodplain. The experiment was conducted from April to October 2002, through an initial manipulation of traíra density (levels of treatment: addition, removal and reference). Treatment effects were evaluated on descriptors of fish assemblage structure (species richness, abundance, equitability and biomass), through repeated measures analysis of variance, in two habitat categories (open and macrophyte-dominated areas). In spite of being recorded in all assemblages and depended on habitat category, reductions in species richness were significantly more pronounced in lagoons where H. aff. malabaricus was removed. In these lagoons, the number of individuals was also significantly lower than in those where the piscivore was added or maintained in natural densities. Equitability showed opposite tendencies. Analysis of relative abundance by size-classes revealed a sharp reduction in the number of small-sized individuals (〈 3cm), contributing to the absence of pronounced alterations in biomass. These evidences supported our hypothesis and demonstrated that the understanding of mechanisms by which predators affect the persistence of prey species constitutes a challenge for future researches, especially in tropical ecosystems, in which phytoplankton changes in Paraná River were verified, in function of the formation of Porto Primavera Reservoir and the climatic alterations that occurred during the period studied (1993-1994 and 2000-2005), especially those related to El Niño and La Niña phenomena. In the second chapter entitled "Interannual variation of phytoplankton in a river-flooding lake system (Upper Paraná River, Brazil)", we verified that the alterations of phytoplankton structure in Patos Lagoon and Ivinhema and Paraná rivers were associated to the fluctuations of hydrosedimentological regime of Ivinhema and Paraná rivers, probably, influenced by the phases La Niña (2000-2001) and El Niño (2003-2004) Southern Oscillation cycle (ENSO).
    Description: O presente estudo testou experimentalmente se a traíra Hoplias aff. malabaricus pode ser considerada uma espécie-chave nas lagoas isoladas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, no período de abril a outubro de 2002, através da manipulação inicial em sua densidade (níveis do tratamento: adição, remoção e referência). Os efeitos desse tratamento foram avaliados nos descritores da estrutura das assembléias (riqueza de espécies, abundância, eqüidade e biomassa), através de análises de variância com medidas repetidas em duas categorias de hábitat (área aberta e coberta por macrófitas). Apesar de registradas em todas as assembléias e dependerem da categoria de hábitat, as reduções na riqueza de espécies foram significativamente mais pronunciadas em lagoas onde H. aff. malabaricus foi excluída. Nessas lagoas, o número de indivíduos também foi significativamente menor em relação àquelas nas quais o piscívoro foi adicionado ou mantido em densidade natural, enquanto para a eqüidade as tendências foram opostas. A
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Temperature ; Consumption ; Growth ; Empirical modelling ; Size ; Keystone ; Neotropical fishes ; Predation ; Whole-lake experiment ; Modelagem empírica ; Crescimento ; Temperatura ; Tamanho ; Floodplain ; Assemblage structure ; Hoplias aff. malabaricus ; Planície de inundação ; Peixes neotropicais ; Espécie-chave ; Experimento em lagoas ; Estrutura da assembléia ; Consumo ; Predação ; Ciências Ambientais
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 17
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: The periphyton community structure in freshwater shallow lakes is lake community structure is determined by processes at different spatial and temporal scales, including the hydrodynamics of the system, nutrients, herbivores, light, substrate and temperature, as climate change stressors. The studies presented in this thesis aimed to understand the periphyton and the factors affecting this community in freshwater shallow lakes. Using an observational approach, we evaluated which limnological variables affect the biological traits of periphyton in shallow lakes located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The sampling sites were established according to the percentage of macrophyte coverage Eichornia azurea (0-35, 50-75 and 75-100%), and other limnological variables were sampled. Overall the biological traits were influenced mainly by temperature. However, other factors also influenced the community, such as water level, nutrients and more weakly by macrophyte coverage percentage of 0-35%. Using an experimental approach, we tested how biovolume and species composition of periphyton response in environmental conditions and in front of environmental disturbance in form heat wave (+5°C). The results showed that the heat wave stimulated the growth of cyanobacteria and diatoms, green algae have been adversely affected. Furthermore, the heat wave directed the prevalence of some taxons, thus changing the species of composition.
    Description: A estrutura da comunidade do perifíton em lagos rasos de água doce é resultado de um número de processos que operam em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais, como por exemplo a hidrodinâmica do sistema, nutrientes, herbivoria, luz, substrato e a temperatura. Os estudos propiciaram a compreensão do perifíton e os fatores que afetam essa comunidade em lagos rasos de água doce. Utilizou-se uma abordagem observacional, para identificar as variáveis limnológicas afetam os traços biológicos do perifíton em lagos rasos, localizados na planície de inundação do alto Rio Paraná. Os pontos de amostragem foram estabelecidos de acordo com a porcentagem de cobertura da macrófita aquática Eichornia azurea (0-35, 50-75 e 75-100%) e outras variáveis limnológicas. No geral os traços biológicos foram influenciados principalmente pela temperatura. No entanto, outros fatores também influenciaram esta comunidade, como nível de água, nutrientes e mais fracamente a porcentagem de cobertura de macrófitas de 0-35%. Utilizou-se uma abordagem experimental, para testar como o biovolume e a composição de espécies do perifíton respondem em condições ambientais e frente a uma perturbação ambiental na forma de onda de calor (+5°C). Os resultados mostraram de acordo com o nível de nutrientes que a onda de calor estimulou o crescimento de cianobactérias e diatomáceas, já as algas verdes foram afetadas negativamente. Além disso, a onda de calor direcionou a prevalência de alguns táxons, assim, mudando a composição de espécies.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Brazil ; Planície de inundação ; Alto rio Paraná ; Ciências Ambientais ; Brasil ; Temperature ; Cyanobacteria ; Biological traits ; Ecology ; Periphyton ; Traços biológicos ; Mudanças climáticas ; Indicador biológico ; Cianobactérias ; Perifíton de água doce ; Lagos rasos ; Ecologia ; Temperatura ; Estressores climáticos ; Stressors climate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 71pp.
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