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  • Salinity
  • Elsevier  (3)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Springer Nature
  • 2015-2019  (5)
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  • 1
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    Seasonal variations of hydrographic parameters off the Sudanese coast of the Red Sea, 2009–2015 (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Regional Studies in Marine Science 18 (2018): 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.12.004.
    Description: The variations of temperature and salinity in the Sudanese coastal zone of the Red Sea are studied for the first time using measurements acquired from survey cruises during 2009–2013 and from a mooring during 2014–2015. The measurements show that temperature and salinity variability above the permanent pycnocline is dominated by seasonal signals, similar in character to seasonal temperature and salinity oscillations observed further north on the eastern side of the Red Sea. Using estimates of heat flux, circulation and horizontal temperature/salinity gradients derived from a number of sources, we determined that the observed seasonal signals of temperature and salinity are not the product of local heat and mass flux alone, but are also due to alongshore advection of waters with spatially varying temperature and salinity. As the temperature and salinity gradients, characterized by warmer and less saline water to the south, exhibit little seasonal variation, the seasonal salinity and temperature variations are closely linked to an observed seasonal oscillation in the along-shore flow, which also has a mean northward component. We find that the inclusion of the advection terms in the heat and mass balance has two principal effects on the computed temperature and salinity series. One is that the steady influx of warmer and less saline water from the south counteracts the long-term trend of declining temperatures and rising salinities computed with only the local surface flux terms, and produces a long-term steady state in temperature and salinity. The second effect is produced by the seasonal alongshore velocity oscillation and most profoundly affects the computed salinity, which shows no seasonal signal without the inclusion of the advective term. In both the observations and computed results, the seasonal salinity signal lags that of temperature by roughly 3 months.
    Description: The SPS surveys were funded by the Norwegian Norad’s Program for Master Studies and organized by IMR–RSU in Port Sudan. The central Red Sea mooring data were acquired as part of a WHOI–KAUST collaboration funded by Award Nos. USA00001, USA00002, and KSA00011 to the WHOI by the KAUST in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work of I. Skjelvan and A.M. Omar was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through the MIMT Center for Research-based Innovation. This work is part of a Ph.D. project at GFI–UiB funded by the Norwegian Quota program .
    Keywords: Coastal Red Sea ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Time series ; Seasonality ; Alongshore advection
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Observations of nearshore groundwater discharge : Kahekili Beach Park submarine springs, Maui, Hawaii (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 11 (2017): 147-165, doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.12.056.
    Description: The study region encompasses the nearshore, coastal waters off west Maui, Hawaii. Here abundant groundwater—that carries with it a strong land-based fingerprint—discharges into the coastal waters and over a coral reef. Coastal groundwater discharge is a ubiquitous hydrologic feature that has been shown to impact nearshore ecosystems and material budgets. A unique combined geochemical tracer and oceanographic time-series study addressed rates and oceanic forcings of submarine groundwater discharge at a submarine spring site off west Maui, Hawaii. Estimates of submarine groundwater discharge were derived for a primary vent site and surrounding coastal waters off west Maui, Hawaii using an excess 222Rn (t1/2 = 3.8 d) mass balance model. Such estimates were complemented with a novel thoron (220Rn, t1/2 = 56 s) groundwater discharge tracer application, as well as oceanographic time series and thermal infrared imagery analyses. In combination, this suite of techniques provides new insight into the connectivity of the coastal aquifer with the near-shore ocean and examines the physical drivers of submarine groundwater discharge. Lastly, submarine groundwater discharge derived constituent concentrations were tabulated and compared to surrounding seawater concentrations. Such work has implications for the management of coastal aquifers and downstream nearshore ecosystems that respond to sustained constituent loadings via this submarine route.
    Description: This research was primarily funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP). CRG acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project R/SB-12, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA14OAR4170071 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce.
    Keywords: Regional groundwater flow ; Submarine groundwater discharge ; Radon ; Thoron ; Thermal infrared ; Oceanographic time series ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Surface and bottom temperature and salinity climatology along the continental shelf off the Canadian and U.S. East Coasts (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Continental Shelf Research 124 (2016): 165-181, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.06.005.
    Description: A new hydrographic climatology has been created for the continental shelf region, extending from the Labrador shelf to the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The 0.2-degree climatology combines all available observations of surface and bottom temperature and salinity collected between 1950 and 2010 along with the location, depth and date of these measurements. While climatological studies of surface and bottom temperature and salinity have been presented previously for various regions along the Canadian and U.S. shelves, studies also suggest that all these regions are part of one coherent system. This study focuses on the coherent structure of the mean seasonal cycle of surface and bottom temperature and salinity and its variation along the shelf and upper slope. The seasonal cycle of surface temperature is mainly driven by the surface heat flux and exhibits strong dependency on latitude (r≈−0.9). The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of bottom temperature is rather dependent on the depth, while the spatial distribution of bottom temperature is correlated with latitude. The seasonal cycle of surface salinity is influenced by several components, such as sea-ice on the northern shelves and river discharge in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The bottom salinity exhibits no clear seasonal cycle, but its spatial distribution is highly correlated with bathymetry, thus Slope Water and its intrusion on the shelf can be identified by its relatively high salinity compared to shallow, fresher shelf water. Two different regimes can be identified, especially on the shelf, separated by the Laurentian Channel: advection influences the phasing of the seasonal cycle of surface salinity and bottom temperature to the north, while in the southern region, river runoff and air-sea heat flux forcing are dominant, especially over the shallower bathymetry.
    Description: Support from NSF OCE PO to Y-OK (OCE-1242989 and OCE-1435602) and SJL (OCE-1332666).
    Keywords: Seasonal climatology ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Dataset ; Shelf
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Seagrasses colonized the sea on at least three independent occasions to form the basis of one of the most productive and widespread coastal ecosystems on the planet. Here we report the genome of Zostera marina (L.), the first, to our knowledge, marine angiosperm to be fully sequenced. This reveals unique insights into the genomic losses and gains involved in achieving the structural and physiological adaptations required for its marine lifestyle, arguably the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. Key angiosperm innovations that were lost include the entire repertoire of stomatal genes, genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids and ethylene signalling, and genes for ultraviolet protection and phytochromes for far-red sensing. Seagrasses have also regained functions enabling them to adjust to full salinity. Their cell walls contain all of the polysaccharides typical of land plants, but also contain polyanionic, low-methylated pectins and sulfated galactans, a feature shared with the cell walls of all macroalgae and that is important for ion homoeostasis, nutrient uptake and O2/CO2 exchange through leaf epidermal cells. The Z. marina genome resource will markedly advance a wide range of functional ecological studies from adaptation of marine ecosystems under climate warming, to unravelling the mechanisms of osmoregulation under high salinities that may further inform our understanding of the evolution of salt tolerance in crop plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Jeanine L -- Rouze, Pierre -- Verhelst, Bram -- Lin, Yao-Cheng -- Bayer, Till -- Collen, Jonas -- Dattolo, Emanuela -- De Paoli, Emanuele -- Dittami, Simon -- Maumus, Florian -- Michel, Gurvan -- Kersting, Anna -- Lauritano, Chiara -- Lohaus, Rolf -- Topel, Mats -- Tonon, Thierry -- Vanneste, Kevin -- Amirebrahimi, Mojgan -- Brakel, Janina -- Bostrom, Christoffer -- Chovatia, Mansi -- Grimwood, Jane -- Jenkins, Jerry W -- Jueterbock, Alexander -- Mraz, Amy -- Stam, Wytze T -- Tice, Hope -- Bornberg-Bauer, Erich -- Green, Pamela J -- Pearson, Gareth A -- Procaccini, Gabriele -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Reusch, Thorsten B H -- Van de Peer, Yves -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):331-5. doi: 10.1038/nature16548. Epub 2016 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. ; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research-Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. ; Sorbonne Universite, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy. ; INRA, UR1164 URGI-Research Unit in Genomics-Info, INRA de Versailles-Grignon, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles 78026, France. ; Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfalische Wilhelms-University of Munster, Hufferstrasse 1, D-48149 Munster, Germany. ; Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, D-40255 Duesseldorf, Germany. ; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., #100, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA. ; Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, FI-20520 Turku/Abo, Finland. ; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way NW, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA. ; Marine Ecology Group, Nord University, Postbox 1490, 8049 Bodo, Norway. ; Amplicon Express, 2345 NE Hopkins Ct., Pullman, Washington 99163, USA. ; School of Marine Science and Policy, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15-Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA. ; Marine Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. ; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. ; University of Kiel, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany. ; Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Pretoria 0028, South Africa. ; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26814964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Cell Wall/chemistry ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant/genetics ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Osmoregulation/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Stomata/genetics ; Pollen/metabolism ; Salinity ; Salt-Tolerance/genetics ; *Seawater ; Seaweed/genetics ; Terpenes/metabolism ; Zosteraceae/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Massive network of robotic ocean probes gets smart upgrade (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):421-2. doi: 10.1038/531421a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Oceanography/*instrumentation/*methods ; Oceans and Seas ; Robotics/*instrumentation ; Salinity ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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