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  • Articles  (4,090)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4,070)
  • Polymerization
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (3,428)
  • 1960-1964  (660)
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  • Articles  (4,090)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization initiated by peroxydiphosphate (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Acrylamide ; Methacrylamide ; Peroxydiphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and methacrylamide initiated by potassium peroxydiphosphate has been investigated. The kinetic orders with respect to peroxydiphosphate and monomer were close to 0.5 and 1 respectively. Overall activation energies were computed and a suitable kinetic scheme suggested. Comparison with kinetic studies of the analogous acrylamide polymerization by peroxydisulphate shed doubt on the cage effect interpretation of the complex order with respect to monomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411515
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide initiated by Ce(IV)-lactic acid redox system (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 188-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerization ; kinetics ; redox polymerization ; acrylamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410701
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarographische Untersuchung der Kinetik der Polymerisation von Methylvinylketon (1981)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Activation energy ; Kinetics ; Methyl-vinyl ketone ; Polarography ; Polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The homogeneous polymerization of methyl-vinyl ketone in diluted methanol solutions in presence of proton donors is studied using the polarographic method. The effect of the cation of the indifferent electrolyte is investigated as well as the influence of small quantities of H2O. Suggestions were made about the possible mechanisms of these influences in the general scheme of the process proposed byHolleck et al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900759
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conserved and nonconserved structures in the secretory proteins encoded in the Balbiani ring genes ofChironomus tentans (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 20 (1984), S. 304-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolution ; Gene family ; Balbiani ring genes ; Repetitive sequences ; Structural proteins ; Protein conformation ; Polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The large, repetitive Balbiani ring (BR) genes, BR 1, 2, and 6, inChironomus tentans originated from a short ancestral sequence and have all evolved according to analogous amplification schemes. We analyzed the structures of the BR-encoded secretory proteins and defined the parts that have been conserved during the evolutionary process. The BR products show striking similarities, with the BR 1 and BR 2 products being more similar to each other than to the BR 6 product. In the constant (C) region of the repeat units, 7 of the 30 amino acid residues are strictly conserved; 4 of these are the cysteine residues. The subrepeat (SR) regions of all the BR products are dominated by repeated tripeptide elements rich in proline and charged amino acid residues. Most of the amino acid replacements in both regions are conservative. Secondary structure predictions suggested that the C regions of the BR 1 and BR2 products have several elements of secondary structure: an α-helix, a β-strand, and one or two reverse turns, as in “globular structures.” The prediction for the C region of the BR 6 product is similar but lacks a β-strand. The predictions for the intervening SR regions appear less conclusive, but are clearly different from those for the C regions, and suggest regular structures not differing in their conformational elements. The SR regions evolved from an ancestor sequence similar to the C region; thus, the BR products seem to represent an example of evolution from one structure to two differently folded products. It is proposed that the alignment and polymerization of the long BR proteins could be promoted by the repetitive structure of the molecules, due to the possibility of forming disulfide bridges between half-cystine residues and electrostatic interactions between the charged residues of the SR regions. The divergence among the BR products is discussed in relation to possible functional differences among the members of the BR gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02104736
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The size distribution for theA g RB f−g Model of polymerization (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 31 (1983), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Polymerization ; coagulation equation ; RA f model ; A gRBf−g model ; random polycondensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives the equilibrium distribution of polymer sizes for Flory'sA g RB f−g model of polymerization. In this model, the polymers are composed of structural units withg functional groups of the typeA and (f-g) functional groups of the typeB. Reaction is subject to three conditions: (1) Functional groups of the typeA react only with those of typeB, and vice versa. (2) Intramolecular reactions do not occur [and therefore only branched-chain (noncyclic) polymers and formed]. (3) Subject to conditions (1) and (2), all functional groups are equally reactive. The derivation employs Stockmayer's statistical mechanical method (first used on Flory'sRA f model), coupled with a recursion giving the number of distinct polymers which may be assembled fromk units of theA g RB f−g type. We also give distributions for a limiting case of theA g RB f−g model, the so-calledA g RB ∞ model. This paper completes the solution of the Smoluchowski coagulation equation (monodisperse case) for the kernelsa ij =A + B(i +j)+ Cij. The proof will be given in another publication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01011587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High pressure effects on the endothermic association of tobacco mosaic virus protein (1981)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 7 (1981), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Association ; High pressure ; Hydrophobic interactions ; Polymerization ; Tobacco mosaic virus protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco mosaic virus protein in phosphate buffer pH 6.5–7.0 (I=0.1 M) shows endothermic polymerization accompanied by water release of the capsomers. At protein concentrations c ∼ 2 mg/ml the transition temperature is T *=20 ± 1
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539179
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Function of laccase in the white-rot fungus Fomes annosus (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 125 (1980), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Laccase ; Thioglycolic acid ; Lignin degradation ; Polymerization ; Coniferyl alcohol ; Catechol ; Fomes annosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Thioglycolic acid, a Cu-chelating agent, totally inhibited extracellular laccase activity without affecting growth and morphology of Fomes annosus. 2. In the presence of thioglycolic acid Fomes annosus cleaved high molecular weight lignosulfonate with a molecular weight range of 2×106 to 1000. In the absence of thioglycolic acid the polymerizing activity of laccase prevented the detection of lignosulfonate breakdown products. 3. Oxidative polymerization of a lignin monomer, coniferyl alcohol, occurred in the presence but not in the absence of laccase activity. 4. Catechol and guaiacol added to the medium at a concentration of 2 mmol, are normally oxidized by fungal laccase and strongly inhibit growth. Presence of thioglycolic acid prevented the oxidation of these phenols and simultaneously permitted normal growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446882
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioalteration of Kraft pine lignin byPhanerochaete chrysosporium (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 14-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Kraft lignin ; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Inocula ; Biodegradation ; Polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bioalteration of the organic-soluble ether-insoluble fraction of Kraft pine lignin (KL-O) was studied. Various types of inocula ofPhanerochaeta chrysosporium were compared using a standing mode of cultivation under nitrogen limitation. Pellet inoculated and mycelial cultures required a period of about 10 days to become ligninolytically active. When spores were used as inoculum the bioalteration of lignin commenced earlier but the rate was considerably less. The total decrease in absorbance measured amounted to 61% within 20 days after addition of lignin to active mycelial cultures. This corresponded to a reduction of 50% in Klason lignin. Further reduction was possible only when the free lignin was extracted from the culture, purified and mixed with new active cells. Elemental analysis, Klason lignin content, absorptivity coefficient, molecular weight distribution and the presence of saccharides and proteins for free and “cell recovered” lignin were compared with KL-O. Microscopic observation showed the formation of new out-growths in the form of short hyphae appearing concurrently with ligninolytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization initiated by peroxydiphosphate (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Acrylonitrile ; Methylmethacrylate ; Peroxydiphosphate-Thioglycollic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the aqueous polymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate initiated by the peroxydiphosphate-thioglycollic acid redox system was investigated at 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C. The rates of polymerization were measured at different concentrations of oxidant, activator and monomer. From the results, it was concluded that the polymerization reaction is initiated by an organic free radical arising from the peroxydiphosphate-thioglycollic acid system and termination by mutual type. On the basis of experimental observations of the dependence of the rate of polymerization,R p on various variables, a suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452067
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Papain Catalyzed Oligomerization of α-Amino Acids. Synthesis and characterization of water-insoluble oligomers of L-methionine (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis ; Papain ; Methionine ; Polymerization ; α-Amino Acid Ester ; Peptides ; Sulfoxide ; Sulfone ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Water-insoluble oligomers were synthesized from L-methionine ethyl ester with papain as the catalyst. L-Oligomethionine was obtained in yields of 50% when synthesis was carried out in highly concentrated citrate buffer at pH 5.5. Yields of up to 85% were obtained when the enzymatic synthesis proceeded in distilled water at pH 6.5, the pH being strictly maintained. The insoluble polymer was converted to highly water-soluble sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives, which consist mainly of an octamer with low amounts of heptamer or hexamer. Most of the carboxyl terminals still contained the ethyl ester group, only a minor part being present in the free acid form. The potential of the enzymatic approach for the synthesis of optically pure and monodisperse oligomers of α-amino acids is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19800630207
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