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  • Articles  (9,216)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REPLY TO the Discussion by James F. Quinlan of Ground Water Tracers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01020.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS vs. THE REFEREED JOURNAL: A CONTROVERSY IN THE DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00989.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained-Yield Ground-Water Planning by Goal Programing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A method for determining a spatially distributed set of ground-water withdrawals that maintains a regionally “optimized” potentiometric surface is presented. A goal-programing approach, in its quadratic form, is used to minimize the sum of squares of differences between the optimized surface and a “target” potentiometric surface. Constraints on withdrawals and recharge, imposed through a two-dimensional ground-water flow equation, and bounds on drawdowns assure that the withdrawal strategy developed is realistic and physically feasible. Application is demonstrated using data from the Grand Prairie region of Arkansas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00991.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ratio, Transmissivity/Storativity from Electric Analog Values of Streamflow (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Relatively little work has been done using streamflow data as a means of estimating hydrologic parameters such as transmissivity and storativity. An approach to this problem utilizing the physical insight offered by electric analog modeling techniques has been developed with streamflow data from two small drainage basins in northwest Virginia. Streamflow modeling has produced regional estimates of the ratio of transmissivity to storativity, and results from each region indicate this ratio to be larger than expected. This discrepancy is resolved by assuming that the drainage basins contain only a small percentage of permeable rock, and this assumption suggests a further use of the model to estimate the percent of permeable rock in a watershed. The analog approach presented here shows potential for further development using digital computer methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00990.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limestone Influences on Physical and Chemical Features of a Mountain Stream (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Influences of limestone on physical and chemical characteristics of Abrams Creek in Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, were investigated from February to July 1977. Infiltration of stream water into subsurface permeable limestone conduits caused reduced and intermittent surface flow within the middle reach of the Cove. At the downstream (west) edge of the Cove, inflowing waters characteristically warmed the stream in winter and cooled it in summer and increased stream conductivity, total hardness, and pH. Management activities in the Cove did not appear to appreciably affect the chemistry of the aquatic system downstream relative to the large effects of limestone substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00992.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Geophysical Logs for Determining Formation Water Quality (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In situ water-quality measurements, with respect to various ion and dissolved solids concentrations, have been closely approximated using open-hole borehole geophysical logs. Analyses have shown good correlation between water resistivity (Rw, as determined from the logs) and dominant ion concentrations sampled from a wide range of water quality in Tertiary carbonate and granular formations.Rw can be accurately determined by cross-plotting saturated formation resistivity (Ro), obtained from normal or lateral resistivity logs, against formation bulk porosity from neutron, density, or acoustic velocity logs. Plotting these data on Hingle Resistivity-Porosity Cross Plot (RPCP) paper with the proper matrix cementation factor (m, commonly 1.4 for unconsolidated sands or 1.6 for noncompacted Tertiary carbonates), will yield a graphical solution for Rw based upon the relationship Rw=φm Ro. The graphical technique also provides information concerning water-quality variations with depth, true matric resistivity, location of confining beds, and vertical changes in formation porosity.Once Rw has been determined, other ion concentrations can be estimated based upon chemical analyses of water samples from adjacent wells tapping a similar type water mass (i.e., calcium-bicarbonate, sodium-chloride water, etc.). Total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sulfate, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and hardness (as CaCO3) concentrations have consistently shown a high correlation with Rw.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01453.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse Problem in Ground Water: Model Development (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A model to solve the inverse problem in ground water has been developed. The model consists of an unconstrained multivariable optimization algorithm and a ground-water simulation model. The optimization algorithm is a modified version of Newton's second derivative method. It is a ground-water-specific algorithm and was found to be more efficient than other more general unconstrained optimization algorithms requiring first- and/or second-order derivatives and those requiring no derivatives. The groundwater simulation model is based on a finite-difference technique but it can be replaced easily by a finite-element model. The results of an application of this model to a real aquifer are discussed in a companion paper titled “Inverse Problem in Ground Water: Model Application.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01456.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a Numerical Ground-Water Flow Model for Hypothesis Testing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Field studies along the southeastern shore of Trout Lake, Wisconsin, documented the presence of downward hydraulic gradients in a known discharge area as well as an anomalous distribution of seepage to the lakebed which deviates significantly from the generally accepted dogma that ground-water seepage rates decrease exponentially with distance from shore. A numerical ground-water model facilitated identification of the hydrologic control, namely the presence of a unit of high hydraulic conductivity, that accounts for the anomalous data, and is important for understanding the dynamics of the flow system. Field data including seepage measurements, visual inspection of lakebed materials and springs, and information obtained during drilling, indicate that a lens of coarse-grained material intersects the lake. However, the significance of the coarsegrained material was not fully appreciated until a ground-water model was used to simulate the flow system. The model indicated that the presence of the coarse-grained lens has a marked effect on the flow pattern in the nearshore area causing downward hydraulic gradients which divert ground water into the lens and cause the occurrence of a localized high-seepage area offshore where the lens intersects the lake. The numerical model predicts the anomalous seepage distribution noted in the field and the downward hydraulic gradients demonstrating that numerical models are practical tools for interpreting field data and for use in hypothesis testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01458.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameter Identification of a Ground-Water Contaminant Transport Model (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A parameter identification (PI) procedure is developed and implemented with the United States Geological Survey's Method of Characteristics (USGS-MOC) model. The PI procedure can be used to estimate selected model parameters from limited observations by quadratic programming. The code combining the PI procedure and the USGS-MOC model has been tested by two numerical examples from a hypothetical aquifer. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can identify transmissivity and dispersivity accurately under ideal situations. The effects of using a simple characterization of the aquifer on parameter estimation and model are shown. Because of the improved efficiency in model calibration, extended application to field conditions is encouraged. However, it is cautioned that the interested users should be aware of the difficulties in field applications of PI, and it is recommended that sound engineering and scientific judgements are always needed in the use of the proposed, or any other PI method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01459.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Simplified Analysis of Two-Well Tracer Tests in Stratified Aquifers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper illustrates several interesting effects of aquifer stratification on the results of two-well tracer tests by means of a simplified computer model. In the model, it is assumed that the aquifer is horizontal, confined, of constant thickness and porosity, and perfectly stratified in the vicinity of the test wells. The nonuniform advection pattern is taken into account in detail by the model, but the local hydrodynamic dispersion is completely neglected. This simplified model has been verified in part by comparisons with available analytical solutions valid for homogeneous aquifers and in part by comparisons with the results of a two-well field experiment of Pickens and Grisak (1981a) which was performed in a locally stratified aquifer. The applications of the model to several field situations with assumed values of the relevant parameters show that the concentration versus time breakthrough curve measured at the withdrawal well during a standard two-well test would be very sensitive to variations of the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical. Without the use of supplementary observation wells with isolated multilevel sampling points, the standard test would give little useful information about the hydraulic and dispersive characteristics of an aquifer. Factors such as the length of the tracer injection period, the use of recirculation and the physical size of the experiment all have a strong effect on the breakthrough curve measured at the withdrawal well, making the interpretation of field results difficult unless aquifer stratification is measured and properly taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01460.x
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