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  • Artikel  (10)
  • fire growth  (5)
  • linear programming  (5)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (10)
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  • Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung  (10)
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  • Artikel  (10)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Stochastic optimization ; linear programming ; simplex method ; Karmarkar's method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Optimization of multi-reservoir systems operations is typically a very large scale optimization problem. The following are the three types of optimization problems solved using linear programming (LP): (i) deterministic optimization for multiple periods involving fine stage intervals, for example, from an hour to a week (ii) implicit stochastic optimization using multiple years of inflow data, and (iii) explicit stochastic optimization using probability distributions of inflow data. Until recently, the revised simplex method has been the most efficient solution method available for solving large scale LP problems. In this paper, we show that an implementation of the Karmarkar's interior-point LP algorithm with a newly developed stopping criterion solves optimization problems of large multi-reservoir operations more efficiently than the simplex method. For example, using a Micro VAX II minicomputer, a 40 year, monthly stage, two-reservoir system optimization problem is solved 7.8 times faster than the advanced simplex code in MINOS 5.0. The advantage of this method is expected to be greater as the size of the problem grows from two reservoirs to multiples of reservoirs. This paper presents the details of the implementation and testing and in addition, some other features of the Karmarkar's algorithm which makes it a valuable optimization tool are illuminated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 267-292 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Calculators ; computer programs ; fire growth ; fire models ; room fires
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract A series of prediction methods has been assembled to provide an analytical basis for estimating fire growth in compartments. Solutions for each prediction method can be made using programmable scientific calculators. Prediction methods are presented for: fire size and growth rates, mass loss rates, radiant heat flux, flame height, radial flame impingement, heat flux to a ceiling, smoke filling of a room, carbon monoxide hazard with smoldering fires, temperature rise in a compartment, ventilation flow rate, flashover occurrence, corridor smoke transfer and filling, smoke concentration, visibility, flame spread rates, and fire burn time. These predictive methods are useful for estimating many of the critical elements related to fire behavior and help provide a better understanding of this complex phenomenon. This report appears as Appendix B inFire Growth in Combat Ships by J. G. Quintiere, H. R. Baum and J. R. Lawson, NBSIR 85-3159.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 293-309 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Compartment fires ; computer programs ; evacuation ; fire growth ; manuals ; mathematical models ; room fires ; smoke
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract ASET-B, a personal computer program for predicting the fire environment in a single room, is presented. ASET-B solves the same differential equations as the previously developed computer program, ASET (Available Safe Egress Time), using a simpler numerical technique. ASET-B requires as input the height and area of the room, the elevation of the fire above the floor, a heat loss factor, and a fire specified in terms of heat release rate. The program predicts the thickness and the temperature of the hot smoke layer as a function of time. ASET-B is written in BASIC and is not subject to copyright. This paper describes the program and its use. Included are a listing of the program, program variable name listing and a sample run. A discussion of user modifications also is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 24 (1988), S. 204-226 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): probability ; fire statistics ; stochastic models ; exponential models ; fire growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Probabilistic techniques offer rational methods of dealing with the randomness of fire risk and effectiveness of firesafety measures. In this paper the state of the art in these techniques is reviewed with examples illustrating the use of fire statistics in evaluating the parameters of these models. Methods discussed include exponential model of fire growth, probability distribution of damage, and stochastic model of fire spread. The estimates provided by these models can be used in conjunction with an engineering method for a probabilistic treatment of deterministic predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 24 (1988), S. 333-352 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): buildings ; deterministic models ; fire growth ; people ; review ; structures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract The ability to predict aspects of fire and its impact on a building's structure, contents, and people is discussed in terms of its application to safety design. It is presented from the perspective of how research has addressed the prediction of fire phenomena. A review of the state of the art on the capability for predicting the fire, its impact and response, is given. Examples are cited to illustrate the scope and accuracy of predictive methods and how they are being incorporated into some codes and standards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): Stochastic programming ; linear programming ; objective function ; synthetic streamflow ; reliability ; skewed ; random variable ; spill ; release ; storage ; free board
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract A generalized linear decision rule is presented which takes into account the aspect of spill in a multi-lag LDR model. The proposed rule incorporates past inflow experience to determine the optimum release rules based on a stochastic (linear) programming optimization model. It also prescribes a procedure of determining spill, should it occur, and the method of adjusting the release policy, accordingly, for the subsequent periods, which are directly affected by the spill of the current period. The use of the rule also makes it possible to produce a specification for a reservoir with a smaller capacity by taking liberal constraints on the reservoir freeboard during the monsoon months. The problem is solved, for the purpose of illustration, using the historical data of a river located in central India. Two synthetic streamflow series of a duration of 50 years each are generated under lognormal flow assumption. The prescribed release rules are applied to a hypothetical reservoir with the optimum capacity determined by the linear programming method, and the generated series as the inflow. The results and findings are quite satisfactory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 103-121 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): Aquifer management ; groundwater quality ; waste disposal patterns ; net disposal gain ; analytic solutions ; linear programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The impact of optimal waste disposal patterns upon the maximum assimilative capacity of groundwater systems is investigated in cases where the simultaneous utilization of the same aquifer for water supply as well as for waste disposal is required. A groundwater quality management model that combines analytic solutions off the dimensionless advective-dispersive transport equation with linear programming is developed. Three different patterns of waste disposal are considered: a constant rate, a pulsing-type, and a continuously varying rate. Optimal schedules for all the patterns are determined for a wide range of the problem's parameters, and a critical evaluation of their benefits leads, eventually, to a complete series of useful guidelines. These guidelines can serve as a-priori criteria for the selection of the most suitable waste disposal patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 143-154 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): Flood management ; large-scale systems ; linear programming ; deterministic inflows ; risk analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The Ottawa River System is a large-scale and complex system comprising 30 major reservoirs and 43 generating stations and has a long history of flooding that extends throughout the basin. Its operation aims primarily at meeting energy requirements but is largely affected by flood reduction and other interests such as nagivation, low flow augmentation, recreation and log driving. This paper gives a brief description of the system and of the linear programming optimization model (MORRO) that is currently used to establish operation rules in flood management. Risk analysis is outlined as a procedure to deviate from optimal policy in order to account for uncertainties in inflow forecast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water resources management 3 (1989), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): Waste load allocation ; water quality management ; multi-objective analysis ; linear programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract In an attempt to improve managing river water quality, this paper presents a model to a three-objective WLA problem using the constraint method in conjunction with the parametric linear programming technique. The three objectives considered are: (1) maximization of total waste load discharge, (2) minimization of the largest difference in equity between dischargers, and (3) maximization of the lowest allowable water quality standard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 179-190 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Schlagwort(e): compartment fires ; fire growth ; flashover ; full-scale tests ; interior finish ; physical models ; room fires ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Quarter-scale tests of ten full-scale room fire tests were conducted by using an existing scaling technique developed at the National Bureau of Standards. Test results confirmed earlier studies which showed that, under constant fire exposure conditions, quarter-scale room testing ranked interior finish materials in the same order as did full-scale tests based on their times to achieve room flashover. In general, quarter-scale tests were less severe and took longer to reach peak room fire buildup because of a lower convective and radiative heat transfer in the quarter-scale room. These tests also generated more CO per unit mass of material and experienced lower combustion efficiencies than did their corresponding full-scale tests.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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