ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- The first few steps --- Basic constructions --- Computing integrals --- Solving ordinary differential equations --- Solving partial differential equations --- Solving nonlinear algebraic equations --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Preliminaries --- 2 Fundamentals: Solving the Poisson Equation --- 3 A Gallery of Finite Element Solvers --- 4 Subdomains and Boundary Conditions --- 5 Extensions: Improving the Poisson Solver --- References

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Algorithms and implementations --- Analysis --- Generalizations --- Models --- Scientific Software Engineering --- References --- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Introduction --- Notation and conventions --- 1 Preliminaries on Lie groups --- 2 Quantization on compact Lie groups --- 3 Homogeneous Lie groups --- 4 Rockland operators and Sobolev spaces --- 5 Quantization on graded Lie groups --- 6 Pseudo-differential operators on the Heisenberg group --- A Miscellaneous --- B Group C* and von Neumann algebras --- Schrödinger representations and Weyl quantization --- Explicit symbolic calculus on the Heisenberg group --- List of quantizations --- Bibliography --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Background: Contents and Method --- One-dimensional calcium release --- Models of open and state blockers --- Two-dimensional calcium release --- Computing theoretical drugs in the two-dimensional case --- Generalized systems --- Calcium-induced calcium release --- Numerical release for CICR --- A prototypical model of an ion channel --- Inactivated ion channels --- A simple model of the sodium channel --- Mutations affecting the mean open time --- The burst mode --- Whole sale action potentials ---

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword --- Preface --- Part I: Valuation Adjustments --- Part II: Fixed Income Modeling --- Part III: Financial Engineering.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- The first few steps --- Basic constructions --- Computing integrals --- Solving ordinary differential equations --- Solving partial differential equations --- Solving nonlinear algebraic equations --- Getting access to Python --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: Some recent developments in ambit stochastics --- Functional and Banach space stochastic calculi. Path-dependent Kolmogorov equations associated with the frame of a Brownian motion --- Nonlinear Young integrals via fractional calculus --- A weak limit theorem for numerical approximation of Brownian semi-stationary processes --- Non-elliptic SPDEs and ambit fields: existence of densities --- Dynamic risk measures and path-dependent second order PDEs --- Pricing CoCos with a market trigger --- Quantification of model risk in quadratic hedging in finance --- Risk-sensitive mean-field type control under partial observation --- Risk aversion in modeling of cap-and-trade mechanism and optimal design of emission markets --- Exponential ergodicity of the jump-diffusion CIR process --- Optimal control of predictive mean-field equations and applications to finance --- Modelling the impact of wind power production on electricity prices by regime-switching Levy semistationary processes --- Pricing options on EU ETS certificates with a time-varying market price of risk model

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction; Thomas Piecha & Peter-Schroeder-Heister --- Chapter 2. On Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov provability semantics; Sergei N. Artëmov --- Chapter 3. Two Ways of General Proof Theory; Kosta Došen --- Chapter 4. Generalised elimination rules; Roy Dyckhoff --- Chapter 5. On the proof theoretic foundations of set theory; Lars Hallnäs --- Chapter 6. The choice of semantics as a methodological question; Wilfrid Hodges --- Chapter 7. The mode of presentation; Reinhard Kahle --- Chapter 8. Remarks on relations between Gentzen and Heyting inspired PTS; Dag Prawitz --- Chapter 9. Unification of logics by reflection; Giovanni Sambin --- Chapter 10. BHK and Brouwer's Theory of the Creative Subject; Göran Sundholm --- Chapter 11. Compositional semantics for predicate logic: Eliminating bound variables from formulas and deductions; William W. Tait --- Chapter 12. Intuitionism, the Paradox of Knowability and Empirical Negation; Gabriele Usberti --- Chapter 13. Explicit composition and its application in normalization proofs; Jan von Plato --- Chapter 14. A two-sorted typed lambda-calculus; Heinrich Wansing --- Chapter 15. Kreisel's second clause and the Theory of Constructions; Walter Dean & Hidenori Kurokawa --- Chapter 16. On Paradoxes in Proof-Theoretic Semantics; Yoshihiro Maruyama

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- 1 Dimensions and Units --- 2 Ordinary Differential Equations Models --- 3 Basic Partial Differential Equations Models --- Advanced Partial Differential Equations Models --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Vibration ODEs --- 1.1 Finite Difference Discretization --- 1.2 Implementation --- 1.3 Visualization of Long Time Simulations --- 1.4 Analysis of the Numerical Scheme --- 1.5 Alternative Schemes Based on 1st-Order Equations --- 1.6 Energy Considerations --- 1.7 The Euler-Cromer Method --- 1.8 Staggered Mesh --- 1.9 Exercises and Problems --- 1.10 Generalization: Damping, Nonlinearities, and Excitation --- 1.11 Exercises and Problems --- 1.12 Applications of Vibration Models --- 1.13 Exercises --- 2. Wave Equations --- 2.1 Simulation of Waves on a String --- 2.2 Verification --- 2.3 Implementation --- 2.4 Vectorization --- 2.5 Exercises --- 2.6 Generalization: Reflecting Boundaries --- 2.7 Generalization: Variable Wave Velocity --- 2.8 Building a General 1D Wave Equation Solver --- 2.9 Exercises --- 2.10 Analysis of the Difference Equations --- 2.11 Finite Difference Methods for 2D and 3D Wave Equations --- 2.12 Implementation --- 2.13 Exercises --- 2.14 Applications of Wave Equations --- 2.15 Exercises --- 3. Diffusion Equations --- 3.1 An Explicit Method for the 1D Diffusion Equation --- 3.2 Implicit Methods for the 1D Diffusion Equation --- 3.3 Analysis of Schemes for the Diffusion Equation --- 3.4 Exercises --- 3.5 Diffusion in Heterogeneous Media --- 3.6 Diffusion in 2D --- 3.7 Random Walk --- 3.8 Applications --- 3.9 Exercises --- 4. Advection-Dominated Equations --- 4.1 One-Dimensional Time-Dependent Advection Equations --- 4.2 One-Dimensional Stationary Advection-Diffusion Equation --- 4.3 Time-dependent Convection-Diffusion Equations --- 4.4 Applications of Advection Equations --- 4.5 Exercises --- 5. Nonlinear Problems --- 5.1 Introduction of Basic Concepts --- 5.2 Systems of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations --- 5.3 Linearization at the Differential Equation Level --- 5.4 1D Stationary Nonlinear Differential Equations --- 5.5 Multi-Dimensional Nonlinear PDE Problems --- 5.6 Operator Splitting Methods --- 5.7 Exercises

Description / Table of Contents: Part I Markets, Regulation, and Model Risk --- A Random Holding Period Approach for Liquidity-Inclusive Risk Management --- Regulatory Developments in Risk Management: Restoring Confidence in Internal Models --- Model Risk in Incomplete Markets with Jumps --- Part II Financial Engineering --- Bid-Ask Spread for Exotic Options Under Conic Finance --- Derivative Pricing Under the Possibility of Long Memory in the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model --- A Two-Sided BNS Model for Multicurrency FX Markets --- Modeling the Price of Natural Gas with Temperature and Oil Price as Exogenous Factors --- Copula-Specific Credit Portfolio Modeling --- Implied Recovery Rates—Auctions and Models --- Upside and Downside Risk Exposures of Currency Carry Trades via Tail Dependence --- Part III Insurance Risk and Asset Management --- Participating Life Insurance Contracts Under Risk Based Solvency Frameworks: How to Increase Capital Efficiency by Product Design --- Reducing Surrender Incentives Through Fee Structure in Variable Annuities --- A Variational Approach for Mean-Variance-Optimal Deterministic Consumption and Investment --- Risk Control in Asset Management: Motives and Concepts --- Worst-Case Scenario Portfolio Optimization Given the Probability of a Crash --- Improving Optimal Terminal Value Replicating Portfolios --- Part IV Computational Methods for Risk Management --- Risk and Computation --- Extreme Value Importance Sampling for Rare Event Risk Measurement --- A Note on the Numerical Evaluation of the Hartman–Watson Density and Distribution Function --- Computation of Copulas by Fourier Methods --- Part V Dependence Modelling --- Goodness-of-fit Tests for Archimedean Copulas in High Dimensions --- Duality in Risk Aggregation --- Some Consequences of the Markov Kernel Perspective of Copulas --- Copula Representations for Invariant Dependence Functions --- Nonparametric Copula Density Estimation Using a Petrov–Galerkin Projection

Description / Table of Contents: Discrete conformal maps: Boundary value problems, circle domains, Fuchsian and Schottky uniformization: Alexander I. Bobenko, Stefan Sechelmann, Boris Springborn --- Discrete complex analysis on planar quad-graphs: Alexander I. Bobenko and Felix Günther --- Approximation of conformal mappings using conformally equivalent triangular lattices: Ulrike Bücking --- Numerical Methods for the Discrete Map Za: Folkmar Bornemann, Alexander Its, Sheehan Olver, and Georg Wechslberger --- A variational principle for cyclic polygons with prescribed edge lengths: Hana Kourimská, Lara Skuppin, Boris Springborn --- Complex Line Bundles over Simplicial Complexes and their Applications: Felix Knöppel and Ulrich Pinkall --- Holomorphic vector fields and quadratic differentials on planar triangular meshes: Wai Yeung Lam, Ulrich Pinkall --- Vertex normals and face curvatures of triangle meshes: Xiang Sun, Caigui Jiang, Johannes Wallner, and Helmut Pottmann --- S-conical cmc surfaces. Towards a unified theory of discrete surfaces with constant mean curvature: Alexander I. Bobenko and Tim Hoffmann --- Constructing solutions to the Björling problem for isothermic surfaces by structure preserving discretization: Ulrike Bücking and Daniel Matthes --- On the Lagrangian Structure of Integrable Hierarchies: Yuri B. Suris, Mats Vermeeren --- On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation: Raphael Boll, Matteo Petrera, and Yuri B. Suris --- Six topics on inscribable polytopes: Arnau Padrol and Günter M. Ziegler --- DGD Gallery: Storage, sharing, and publication of digital research data: Michael Joswig, Milan Mehner, Stefan Sechelmann, Jan Techter, and Alexander I. Bobenko

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Descriptors for Machine Learning of Materials Data --- 2. Potential Energy Surface Mapping of Charge Carriers in Ionic Conductors Based on a Gaussian Process Model --- 3. Machine learning predictions of factors affecting the activity of heterogeneous metal catalysts --- 4. Machine Learning-based Experimental Design in Materials Science --- 5. Persistent homology and materials informatics --- 6. Polyhedron and Polychoron codes for describing Atomic Arrangements --- 7. Topological Data Analysis for the Characterization of Atomic Scale Morphology from Atom Probe Tomography Images --- 8. Atomic-scale nanostructures by advanced electron microscopy and informatics --- 9. High spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging with machine-learning techniques --- 10. Fabrication, Characterization, and Modulation of Functional Nanolayers --- 11. Grain Boundary Engineering of Alumina Ceramics --- 12. Structural relaxation of oxide compounds from the high-pressure phase.-13.Synthesis and structures of novel solid-state electrolytes

Description / Table of Contents: The book focuses on the educational perspective of Riemann-Roch spaces and the computation of algebraic structures connected to the Riemann-Roch theorem, which is a useful tool in fields of complex analysis and algebraic geometry. On one hand, the theorem connects the Riemann surface with its topological genus, and on the other it allows us to compute the algebraic function field spaces. In the first part of this book, algebraic structures and some of their properties are presented. The second part shows efficient algorithms and examples connected to Riemann-Roch spaces. What is important, a variety of examples with codes of algorithms are given in the book, covering the majority of the cases.

Description / Table of Contents: The book consists mainly of two parts: Chapter 1 - Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 - Chapter 14. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 treat design techniques based on linearization of nonlinear systems. An analysis of nonlinear system over quantum mechanics is discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 to Chapter 7 are estimation methods using Kalman filtering while solving nonlinear control systems using iterative approach. Optimal approaches are discussed in Chapter 8 with retarded control of nonlinear system in singular situation, and Chapter 9 extends optimal theory to H-infinity control for a nonlinear control system.Chapters 10 and 11 present the control of nonlinear dynamic systems, twin-rotor helicopter and 3D crane system, which are both underactuated, cascaded dynamic systems. Chapter 12 applies controls to antisynchronization/synchronization in the chaotic models based on Lyapunov exponent theorem, and Chapter 13 discusses developed stability analytic approaches in terms of Lyapunov stability. The analysis of economic activities, especially the relationship between stock return and economic growth, is presented in Chapter 14.

Description / Table of Contents: Ionic liquids, including the newer subcategory of deep eutectic solvents, continue to attract a great deal of research attention in an even increasing number of areas, including traditional areas such as synthesis (organic and materials), electrochemistry, and physical property studies and predictions, as well as less obvious areas such as lubrication and enzymatic transformations. In this volume, recent advances in a number of these different areas are reported and reviewed, thus granting some appreciation for the future that ionic liquid research holds and affording inspiration for those who have not previously considered the application of ionic liquids in their area of interest.

Description / Table of Contents: Spatial statistics has been widely used in many environmental studies. This book is a collection of recent studies on applying spatial statistics in subjects such as demography, transportation, precision agriculture and ecology. Different subjects require different aspects of spatial statistics. In addition to quantitative statements from statistics and tests, visualization in forms of maps, drawings, and images are provided to illustrate the relationship between data and locations. This book will be valuable to researchers who are interested in applying statistics to spatial data, as well as graduate students who know statistics and want to explore how it can be applied to spatial data. With the processing part being simplified to several mouse clicks by commercial software, one should pay more attention to justification of using spatial statistics, as well as interpretation and assessment of the results. GIScience proves to be a useful tool in visualization of spatial data, and such useful technology should be utilized, as part, for the interpretation and assessment of the results.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Why the Decision-Theoretic Perspective Misrepresents Frequentist Inference: Revisiting Stein’s Paradox and Admissibility by Aris Spanos --- Chapter 2: A Comparison Study on Performance of an Adaptive Filter with Other Estimation Methods for State Estimation in High-Dimensional System by Hong Son Hoang and Remy Baraille --- Chapter 3: Applications of the H-Principle of Mathematical Modelling by Agnar Höskuldsson --- Chapter 4: Signal Optimal Smoothing by Means of Spectral Analysis by Guido Travaglini --- Chapter 5: Information-Theoretic Clustering and Algorithms by Toshio Uchiyama --- Chapter 6: Gamma-Kumaraswamy Distribution in Reliability Analysis: Properties and Applications by Indranil Ghosh and Gholamhossein G. Hamedani --- Chapter 7: Nonlinear Transformations and Radar Detector Design by Graham V. Weinberg --- Chapter 8: Distributions and Composite Models for Size-Type Data by Yves Dominicy and Corinne Sinner --- Chapter 9: Modelling Limit Order Book Volume Covariance Structures by Andrija Mihoci --- Chapter 10: A Practical Approach to Evaluating the Economic and Technical Feasibility of LED Luminaires by Sean Schmidt and Suzanna Long --- Chapter 11: Validation of Instrument Measuring Continuous Variable in Medicine by Rafdzah Zaki --- Chapter 12: On Decoding Brain Electrocorticography Data for Volitional Movement Intention Prediction: Theory and On-Chip Implementation by Mradul Agrawal, Sandeep Vidyashankar and Ke Huang --- Chapter 13: The Usage of Statistical Learning Methods on Wearable Devices and a Case Study: Activity Recognition on Smartwatches by Serkan Balli and Ensar Arif Sağbas --- Chapter 14: A Statistic Method for Anatomical and Evolutionary Analysis by Roqueline Ametila e Gloria Martins de Freitas Aversi-Ferreira, Hisao Nishijo and Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira --- Chapter 15: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics in Undergraduate Data Science Research Projects by Malcolm J. D’Souza, Edward A. Brandenburg, Derald E. Wentzien, Riza C. Bautista, Agashi P. Nwogbaga, Rebecca G. Miller and Paul E. Olsen

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: The NIRS Cap: Key Part of Emerging Wearable Brain-Device Interfaces by Amal Kassab and Mohamad Sawan --- Chapter 2: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): A Novel Tool for Intravascular Coronary Imaging by Marie-Jeanne Bertrand, Philippe Lavoie-L’Allier and Jean-Claude Tardif --- Chapter 3: Highly Sensitive Singlet Oxygen Spectroscopic System Using InGaAs PIN Photodiode by Iwao Mizumoto, Hiroshi Oguma and Yostumi Yoshi --- Chapter 4: Carbohydrate Analysis by NIRS-Chemometrics by Mercedes G. López, Ana Sarahí García-González and Elena Franco- Robles --- Chapter 5: Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Agricultural Systems by Francisco García-Sánchez, Luis Galvez-Sola, Juan J. Martínez- Nicolás, Raquel Muelas-Domingo and Manuel Nieves --- Chapter 6: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Tools for Analysis of Trace Metals in Environmental Matrices by Philiswa N. Nomngongo, Tshimangadzo S. Munonde, Anele Mpupa and Nkositetile Raphael Biata

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Enhancing the Greenhouse Gas Conversion Efficiency in Microwave Discharges by Power Modulation by Nikolay Britun, Guoxing Chen, Tiago Silva, Thomas Godfroid, Marie- Paule Delplancke-Ogletree and Rony Snyders --- Chapter 2: Role of Plasma Catalysis in the Microwave Plasma-Assisted Conversion of CO2 by Guoxing Chen, Nikolay Britun, Thomas Godfroid, Marie-Paule Delplancke-Ogletree and Rony Snyders --- Chapter 3: Catalytic Conversions of Biomass-Derived Furaldehydes Toward Biofuels by Shun Nishimura and Kohki Ebitani --- Chapter 4: Green Synthesis of Oligomer Calixarenes by Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono and Rahmi Rachmawati --- Chapter 5: Environment-Friendly Approach in the Synthesis of Metal/ Polymeric Nanocomposite Particles and Their Catalytic Activities on the Reduction of p-Nitrophenol to p-Aminophenol by Noel Peter Bengzon Tan and Cheng Hao Lee --- Chapter 6: Environmental-Friendly Catalytic Oxidation Processes Based on Hierarchical Titanium Silicate Zeolites at SINOPEC by Changjiu Xia, Xinxin Peng, Yao Zhang, Baorong Wang, Min Lin, Bin Zhu, Yibin Luo and Xingtian Shu

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: General Aspects of the Cobalt Chemistry by Yasemin Yildiz --- Chapter 2: Synthesis, Processing, and Characterization of the Cobalt Alloys with Silicon Addition by Petrica Vizureanu, Mirabela Georgiana Minciuna, Gianina Iovan and Simona Stoleriu --- Chapter 3: Synthesis of Cobalt-Based Nanomaterials from Organic Precursors by Maria Smyrnioti and Theophilos Ioannides --- Chapter 4: Hydrothermally Produced Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures at Different Temperatures and Effect on Phase Transition Temperature and Threshold Voltage of Nematic Liquid Crystal Host by Hasan Eskalen, Süleyman Kerli and Şükrü Özgan --- Chapter 5: Substitution and Redox Properties of Some Organoisocyanide Cobalt(II) Complexes by Olayinka A. Oyetunji, Godiraone Tatolo, Banyaladzi D. Paphane and Clifford A. L. Becker --- Chapter 6: Effect of Cobalt on Morphology of Microhole Formed by Micropunching by Kelvii Wei Guo and Hon Yuen Tam --- Chapter 7: A Review of the Radionuclide, Cobalt-60, as a Fine-Sediment Tracer by Philip Greenwood

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: Radon Phenomenon by Feriz Adrović --- Chapter 2: Radon Nuclides and Radon Generators by Ján Kozempel --- Chapter 3: Radon Monitoring in the Environment by Abd Elmoniem Ahmed Elzain --- Chapter 4: Levels of Radon and Granite Building Materials by Akbar Abbasi --- Chapter 5: Levels of Radon Activity Concentration and Gamma Dose Rate in Air of Coal Mines in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Zejnil Tresnjo, Jasmin Adrovic and Ema Hankic --- Chapter 6: Radon Exposure and Human Health: What Happens in Volcanic Environments? by Diana Linhares, Patrícia Garcia and Armindo Rodrigues --- Chapter 7: Residential Radon Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk in Kazakhstan by Rakhmetkazhy Bersimbaev and Olga Bulgakova --- Chapter 8: Radon Calibration System by Ayman M. Abdalla, Ahmed M. Ismail and Tayseer I. Al-Naggar

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Magnetic Resonance by Betul Çalişkan and Ali Cengiz Çalişkan --- Chapter 2: Magneto-Elastic Resonance: Principles, Modeling and Applications by Yannick Le Bras and Jean-Marc Greneche --- Chapter 3: Stochastic Resonance and Related Topics by Jiří Náprstek and Cyril Fischer --- Chapter 4: Chaotic, Stochastic Resonance, and Anti-Resonance Phenomena in Optics by Vladimir L. Kalashnikov --- Chapter 5: Optimization of Double-Well Bistable Stochastic Resonance Systems and Its Applications in Cognitive Radio Networks by Di He --- Chapter 6: Resonances in Left-Handed Waves Developed in Nonlinear Electrical Lattices by Koichi Narahara --- Chapter 7: Introduction to Parametric and Autoparametric Resonance by Lukas C. Kurmann --- Chapter 8: Resonance Effect of Nanofibrous Membrane for Sound Absorption Applications by Klara Kalinova --- Chapter 9: Modal Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Coupled to Periodic Array of Core-Shell Metallic Nanoparticles by Nadson Welkson Pereira de Souza, Jefferson Souza Costa, Rafael Correa dos Santos, André Felipe Souza da Cruz, Tommaso Del Rosso and Karlo Queiroz da Costa --- Chapter 10: Fano Resonance in High-Permittivity Objects by Xianghong Kong, Lina Qiu and Gaobiao Xiao --- Chapter 11: Laser-Induced Fano Resonance in Condensed Matter Physics by Ken-ichi Hino, Yohei Watanabe, Nobuya Maeshima and Muneaki Hase --- Chapter 12: Resonances and Exceptional Broadcasting Conditions by Juan Manuel Velázquez-Arcos, Alejandro Pérez-Ricardez, Ricardo Teodoro Páez-Hernández and Jaime Granados-Samaniego

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Bayesian Inference Application by Wiyada Kumam, Plern Saipara and Poom Kumam --- Chapter 2: Node-Level Conflict Measures in Bayesian Hierarchical Models Based on Directed Acyclic Graphs by Jørund I. Gåsemyr and Bent Natvig --- Chapter 3: Classifying by Bayesian Method and Some Applications by Tai Vovan --- Chapter 4: Hypothesis Testing for High-Dimensional Problems by Naveen K. Bansal --- Chapter 5: Bayesian vs Frequentist Power Functions to Determine the Optimal Sample Size: Testing One Sample Binomial Proportion Using Exact Methods by Valeria Sambucini --- Chapter 6: Converting Graphic Relationships into Conditional Probabilities in Bayesian Network by Loc Nguyen --- Chapter 7: Bayesian Estimation of Multivariate Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model with Application to Breast Cancer Biomarker Modeling by Hamid El Maroufy, El Houcine Hibbah, Abdelmajid Zyad and Taib Ziad --- Chapter 8: Bayesian Model Averaging and Compromising in Dose-Response Studies by Steven B. Kim --- Chapter 9: Two Examples of Bayesian Evidence Synthesis with the Hierarchical Meta-Regression Approach by Pablo Emilio Verde --- Chapter 10: Bayesian Modeling in Genetics and Genomicsvvv by Hafedh Ben Zaabza, Abderrahmen Ben Gara and Boulbaba Rekik --- Chapter 11: Bayesian Two-Stage Robust Causal Modeling with Instrumental Variables using Student's t Distributions by Dingjing Shi and Xin Tong --- Chapter 12: Bayesian Hypothesis Testing: An Alternative to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) in Psychology and Social Sciences by Alonso Ortega and Gorka Navarrete --- Chapter 13: Bayesian Inference and Compressed Sensing by Solomon A. Tesfamicael and Faraz Barzideh --- Chapter 14: Sparsity in Bayesian Signal Estimation by Ishan Wickramasingha, Michael Sobhy and Sherif S. Sherif --- Chapter 15: Dynamic Bayesian Network for Time-Dependent Classification Problems in Robotics by Cristiano Premebida, Francisco A. A. Souza and Diego R. Faria --- Chapter 16: A Bayesian Model for Investment Decisions in Early Ventures by Anamaria Berea and Daniel Maxwell --- Chapter 17: Recent Advances in Nonlinear Filtering with a Financial Application to Derivatives Hedging under Incomplete Information by Claudia Ceci and Katia Colaneri --- Chapter 18: Airlines Content Recommendations Based on Passengers' Choice Using Bayesian Belief Networks by Sien Chen, Wenqiang Huang, Mengxi Chen, Junjiang Zhong and Jie Cheng

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Complex Reactions and Dynamics by Muhammad Shahzad and Faisal Sultan --- Chapter 2: Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Nonlinear Process in Enzyme Kinetics by Lakshmanan Rajendran, Mohan Chitra Devi, Carlos Fernandez and Qiuming Peng --- Chapter 3: Autoignition and Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion for the Fuels with Various Autoignition Reactivity by Dongwon Jung --- Chapter 4: New Materials to Solve Energy Issues through Photochemical and Photophysical Processes: The Kinetics Involved by Tatiana Duque Martins, Antonio Carlos Chaves Ribeiro, Geovany Albino de Souza, Diericon de Sousa Cordeiro, Ramon Miranda Silva, Flavio Colmati, Roberto Batista de Lima, Lucas Fernandes Aguiar, Leandro Lima Carvalho, Renan Gustavo Coelho S. dos Reis and Wemerson Daniel C. dos Santos --- Chapter 5: Competition Kinetics: An Experimental Approach by Murtaza Sayed, Luqman Ali Shah, Javed Ali Khan, Noor S. Shah, Rozina Khattak and Hasan M. Khan --- Chapter 6: Catalyst Kinetics and Stability in Homogeneous Alcohol Acceptorless Dehydrogenation by Martin Nielsen --- Chapter 7: Oxidation of Glycerol to Lactic Acid by Gold on Acidified Alumina: A Kinetic and DFT Case Study by Thabang A. Ntho, Pumeza Gqogqa and James L. Aluha --- Chapter 8: Hydrothermal Precipitation of β-FeOOH Nanoparticles in Mixed Water/Alcohol Solvent by Mahabubur Chowdhury --- Chapter 9: Adsorption, Kinetics and Photoactivity of ZnO-Supported Fly Ash-Sepiolite Ternary Catalyst by Ayşe Neren Ökte --- Chapter 10: Kinetics of Heterogeneous Self-Propagating High-Temperature Reactions by Christopher E. Shuck and Alexander S. Mukasyan --- Chapter 11: Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics by Raphaela M. Baêsso, Pâmella A. Oliveira, Gabriel C. Moraes, André V. Alvarenga and Rodrigo P.B. Costa-Félix

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: A Reference Recursive Recipe for Tuning the Statistics of the Kalman Filter by Mudambi R Ananthasayanam --- Chapter 2: The Error Covariance Matrix Inflation in Ensemble Kalman Filter by Guocan Wu and Xiaogu Zheng --- Chapter 3: Unscented Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation in Vehicle Dynamics by Mark Wielitzka, Alexander Busch, Matthias Dagen and Tobias Ortmaier --- Chapter 4: Sensitivity-Based Adaptive SRUKF for State, Parameter, and Covariance Estimation on Mechatronic Systems by Mauro Hernán Riva, Mark Wielitzka and Tobias Ortmaier --- Chapter 5: Kalman Filters for Parameter Estimation of Nonstationary Signals by Sarita Nanda --- Chapter 6: Kalman Filter Models for the Prediction of Individualised Thermal Work Strain by Jia Guo, Ying Chen, Weiping Priscilla Fan, Si Hui Maureen Lee, Junxian Ong, Poh Ling Tan, Yu Li Lydia Law, Kai Wei Jason Lee and Kok-Yong Seng --- Chapter 7: Application of Kalman Filtering in Dynamic Prediction for Corporate Financial Distress by Qian Zhuang --- Chapter 8: Predicting Collisions in Mobile Robot Navigation by Kalman Filter by Angel Sánchez, Homero Ríos, Gustavo Quintana and Antonio Marín --- Chapter 9: Efficient Matrix-Free Ensemble Kalman Filter Implementations: Accounting for Localization by Elias David Niño Ruiz, Rolando Beltrán Arrieta and Alfonso Manuel Mancilla Herrera --- Chapter 10: Kalman Filters for Reference Current Generation in Shunt Active Power Filter (APF) by Ahmad Shukri Bin Abu Hasim, Syed Mohd Fairuz Bin Syed Mohd Dardin and Zulkifilie Bin Ibrahim --- Chapter 11: Applications of Kalman Filters for Coherent Optical Communication Systems by Lalitha Pakala and Bernhard Schmauss --- Chapter 12: Kalman Filter for Moving Object Tracking: Performance Analysis and Filter Design by Kenshi Saho --- Chapter 13: Distributed Kalman Filter by Felix Govaers --- Chapter 14: Consensus-Based Distributed Filtering for GNSS by Amir Khodabandeh, Peter J.G. Teunissen and Safoora Zaminpardaz

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: FEM Analysis of Mechanical and Structural Properties of Long Fiber-Reinforced Composites by Michal Petrů and Ondřej Novák --- Chapter 2: Finite Element Dynamic Analysis on Residual Stress Distribution of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Matrix Composite after Shot Peening Treatment by Lechun Xie, Zhou Wang, Chengxi Wang, Yan Wen, Liqiang Wang, Chuanhai Jiang, Weijie Lu, Lai-Chang Zhang and Lin Hua --- Chapter 3: Multiscale Wavelet Finite Element Analysis in Structural Dynamics by Mutinda Musuva and Cristinel Mares --- Chapter 4: Numerical Analysis of Hot Polymer-Coated Steel Pipeline Joints in Bending by Finian McCann, Guido Ridolfi, Erwan Karjadi, Harm Demmink and Helen Boyd --- Chapter 5: Application of Finite Element Analysis in Multiscale Metal Forming Process by Zhengyi Jiang and Haibo Xie --- Chapter 6: Finite Element Thermal Analysis of Metal Parts Additively Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting by Dario Pitassi, Enrico Savoia, Vigilio Fontanari, Alberto Molinari, Valerio Luchin, Gianluca Zappini and Matteo Benedetti --- Chapter 7: Adaptive Modeling and Simulation of Elastic, Dielectric and Piezoelectric Problems by Grzegorz Zboiński --- Chapter 8: Vibration Simulation of Electric Machines by Marcel Janda and Kristyna Jandova --- Chapter 9: Numerically and Analytically Forecasting the Coal Burst Using Energy Based Approach Methods by Faham Tahmasebinia, Chengguo Zhang, Ismet Canbulat, Onur Vardar and Serkan Saydam --- Chapter 10: Linear Thermo-Poroelasticity and Geomechanics by Horacio Florez --- Chapter 11: Numerical Analysis of the Incompressible Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer by Toshio Tagawa --- Chapter 12: Numerical Simulation of Wave (Shock Profile) Propagation of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation Using an Adaptive Mesh Method by Denson Muzadziwa, Stephen T. Sikwila and Stanford Shateyi --- Chapter 13: Numerical Analysis on the Simulated Heavy Rainfall Event of Tropical Cyclone Fung-Wong by Lei-Ming Ma and Xu-Wei Bao --- Chapter 14: Weighted Finite-Element Method for Elasticity Problems with Singularity by Viktor Anatolievich Rukavishnikov and Elena Ivanovna Rukavishnikova

Description / Table of Contents: Papers from an international meeting held at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks in August, 1990

Description / Table of Contents: The application of Fourier transform (FT) in signal processing and physical sciences has increased in the past decades. Almost all the textbooks on signal processing or physics have a section devoted to the FT theory. For this reason, this book focuses on signal processing and physical sciences. The book chapters are related to fast hybrid recursive FT based on Jacket matrix, acquisition algorithm for global navigation satellite system, determining the sensitivity of output parameters based on FFT, convergence of integrals of products based on Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma function, extending the real and complex number fields for treating the FT, nonmaterial structure, Gabor transform, and chalcopyrite bioleaching. The book provides applications oriented to signal processing and physics written primarily for engineers, mathematicians, physicians and graduate students, will also find it useful as a reference for their research activities.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I Markets, Regulation, and Model Risk --- A Random Holding Period Approach for Liquidity-Inclusive Risk Management --- Regulatory Developments in Risk Management: Restoring Confidence in Internal Models --- Model Risk in Incomplete Markets with Jumps --- Part II Financial Engineering --- Bid-Ask Spread for Exotic Options Under Conic Finance --- Derivative Pricing Under the Possibility of Long Memory in the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model --- A Two-Sided BNS Model for Multicurrency FX Markets --- Modeling the Price of Natural Gas with Temperature and Oil Price as Exogenous Factors --- Copula-Specific Credit Portfolio Modeling --- Implied Recovery Rates—Auctions and Models --- Upside and Downside Risk Exposures of Currency Carry Trades via Tail Dependence --- Part III Insurance Risk and Asset Management --- Participating Life Insurance Contracts Under Risk Based Solvency Frameworks: How to Increase Capital Efficiency by Product Design --- Reducing Surrender Incentives Through Fee Structure in Variable Annuities --- A Variational Approach for Mean-Variance-Optimal Deterministic Consumption and Investment --- Risk Control in Asset Management: Motives and Concepts --- Worst-Case Scenario Portfolio Optimization Given the Probability of a Crash --- Improving Optimal Terminal Value Replicating Portfolios --- Part IV Computational Methods for Risk Management --- Risk and Computation --- Extreme Value Importance Sampling for Rare Event Risk Measurement --- A Note on the Numerical Evaluation of the Hartman–Watson Density and Distribution Function --- Computation of Copulas by Fourier Methods --- Part V Dependence Modelling --- Goodness-of-fit Tests for Archimedean Copulas in High Dimensions --- Duality in Risk Aggregation --- Some Consequences of the Markov Kernel Perspective of Copulas --- Copula Representations for Invariant Dependence Functions --- Nonparametric Copula Density Estimation Using a Petrov–Galerkin Projection

Description / Table of Contents: This is the second volume of the topical issue “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” which embraces 21 papers on different topics relating to Mathematics and Geosciences. They address different topics under both global and local perspectives, such as a method for calculating probabilities for large events in systems such as earthquakes, typhoons, etc.; the use of the Laplace–Fourier-domain full waveform inversion technique to deep-sea seismic data; discrete element modeling; step-edge detection filters, study of a transition zone of the Narmada-Son lineament; integral formulae for recovering the sub-crustal stress from terrestrial gravimetric data; numerical simulations of earthquake fault systems and their use to estimate gravity changes; application of Gaussian clustering to joint interpretation of seismic and magnetotelluric data; on the reliability and fidelity of archaeomagnetic and volcanic records to recover the past evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field; the study, for the first time, of variations in absolute surface geostrophic currents (SGC) using satellite data only; discussion of the inconsistency of IAU2000 non-rigid earth nutation model; the study of nonlinear anisotropic diffusive filtering applied to the ocean´s MDT; the numerical solution of a nonhydrostatic ocean model; Hydrological-Hydraulic models; Steiner rearrangement of a function to study the effectiveness of chemical reactors for the treatment of wastewaters; GNSS software; the study of the fractal dimensions for the identification of bedrock lithology; the study of the Uruk archaeological site (southern Iraq) by integrated geophysical methods; mathematical model for patchy landscapes; study of pore space soil structure; and the results of comparison between transverse electric-type fields and between transverse magnetic and transverse electromagnetic fields. As the previous one, volume II addresses the interest of scientists of many of the branches in Earth Sciences as well as postgraduate students, covering both approaches, applied and theoretical ones, to solve many different problems in Geosciences with the help of mathematical models and methods.

Description / Table of Contents: Mathematical models and methods are required for diverse studies in Geosciences and simultaneously, new problems are posing new needs where Mathematics is needed. At the initiative of American and Canadian research mathematical institutes and societies, year 2013 was declared a thematic year in Mathematics and the Planet Earth, under the patronage of UNESCO. To mark the MPE2013, and highlight the two-way street between Mathematics and Earth Sciences, the workshop “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” was hold in Madrid at ICMAT from 4-8 November, 2013. This is the first volume of the Topical Issue on “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” and contains 13 papers, most of which were presented at the congress. They address different topics under both global and local perspectives such as the percolation theory to observe micro seismicity in fracking, fractional differential analysis to model complex dynamics, climate change, earthquake statistics, earth rotation, geomagnetic field, fire models, Mars exploration, numerical methods in meteorology and environmental conservation, probabilistic models in study of soils and fluid mechanics. This volume addresses the interest of scientists of many of the branches in Earth Sciences as well as postgraduate students, covering both approaches, applied and theoretical ones, to solve different problems in Geosciences with the help of mathematical models and methods.

Description / Table of Contents: Bayesian methods for statistical analysis is a book on statistical methods for analysing a wide variety of data. The book consists of 12 chapters, starting with basic concepts and covering numerous topics, including Bayesian estimation, decision theory, prediction, hypothesis testing, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, finite population inference, biased sampling and nonignorable nonresponse. The book contains many exercises, all with worked solutions, including complete computer code. It is suitable for self-study or a semester-long course, with three hours of lectures and one tutorial per week for 13 weeks.

Description / Table of Contents: Discrete conformal maps: Boundary value problems, circle domains, Fuchsian and Schottky uniformization: Alexander I. Bobenko, Stefan Sechelmann, Boris Springborn --- Discrete complex analysis on planar quad-graphs: Alexander I. Bobenko and Felix Günther --- Approximation of conformal mappings using conformally equivalent triangular lattices: Ulrike Bücking --- Numerical Methods for the Discrete Map Za: Folkmar Bornemann, Alexander Its, Sheehan Olver, and Georg Wechslberger --- A variational principle for cyclic polygons with prescribed edge lengths: Hana Kourimská, Lara Skuppin, Boris Springborn --- Complex Line Bundles over Simplicial Complexes and their Applications: Felix Knöppel and Ulrich Pinkall --- Holomorphic vector fields and quadratic differentials on planar triangular meshes: Wai Yeung Lam, Ulrich Pinkall --- Vertex normals and face curvatures of triangle meshes: Xiang Sun, Caigui Jiang, Johannes Wallner, and Helmut Pottmann --- S-conical cmc surfaces. Towards a unified theory of discrete surfaces with constant mean curvature: Alexander I. Bobenko and Tim Hoffmann --- Constructing solutions to the Björling problem for isothermic surfaces by structure preserving discretization: Ulrike Bücking and Daniel Matthes --- On the Lagrangian Structure of Integrable Hierarchies: Yuri B. Suris, Mats Vermeeren --- On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation: Raphael Boll, Matteo Petrera, and Yuri B. Suris --- Six topics on inscribable polytopes: Arnau Padrol and Günter M. Ziegler --- DGD Gallery: Storage, sharing, and publication of digital research data: Michael Joswig, Milan Mehner, Stefan Sechelmann, Jan Techter, and Alexander I. Bobenko

Description / Table of Contents: Some recent developments in ambit stochastics --- Functional and Banach space stochastic calculi. Path-dependent Kolmogorov equations associated with the frame of a Brownian motion --- Nonlinear Young integrals via fractional calculus --- A weak limit theorem for numerical approximation of Brownian semi-stationary processes --- Non-elliptic SPDEs and ambit fields: existence of densities --- Dynamic risk measures and path-dependent second order PDEs --- Pricing CoCos with a market trigger --- Quantification of model risk in quadratic hedging in finance --- Risk-sensitive mean-field type control under partial observation --- Risk aversion in modeling of cap-and-trade mechanism and optimal design of emission markets --- Exponential ergodicity of the jump-diffusion CIR process --- Optimal control of predictive mean-field equations and applications to finance --- Modelling the impact of wind power production on electricity prices by regime-switching Levy semistationary processes --- Pricing options on EU ETS certificates with a time-varying market price of risk model

Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen is one of the abundant elements on earth majorly in the form of water (H2O) and mainly as hydrogen gas (H2). Catalytic hydrogenation is a key reaction that has versatile applications in different industries. The main objective of this book is to bring together various applications of hydrogenation through the perspective of leading researchers in the field. This book is intended to be used as a graduate-level text book or as a practical guide for industrial engineers.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Environmental Impact of the Use of Surfactants and Oxygenates in the Petroleum Industry by Tomasz Kalak --- Chapter 2: Recent Advances in Catanionic Mixtures by Darija Domazet Jurašin, Suzana Šegota, Vida Čadež, Atiđa Selmani and Maja Dutour Sikirć --- Chapter 3: Hydrophobic Polymers Flooding by Abdelaziz N. El-hoshoudy, Saad M. Desouky, Mohamed H. Betiha and Ahmed M. Alsabagh --- Chapter 4: Multifunctional Gemini Surfactants: Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications by Bogumil E. Brycki, Iwona H. Kowalczyk, Adrianna Szulc, Olga Kaczerewska and Marta Pakiet --- Chapter 5: The Versatile Dioctadecyldimethylammonium Bromide by Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro --- Chapter 6: Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants by Dorota Kregiel, Joanna Berlowska, Izabela Witonska, Hubert Antolak, Charalampos Proestos, Mirko Babic, Ljiljana Babic and Bolin Zhang --- Chapter 7: Amino Acid-Based Surfactants for Biomedical Applications by Lídia Pinheiro and Célia Faustino --- Chapter 8: The Potential Application of Selected Fungi Strains in Removal of Commercial Detergents and Biotechnology by Violeta D. Jakovljević and Miroslav M. Vrvić --- Chapter 9: Electrochemistry of Surfactants by Eduardo Nicolás Schulz, Erica Patricia Schulz and Pablo Carlos Schulz --- Chapter 10: SAXS and SANS Techniques for Surfactant Characterization: Application in Corrosion Science by Deepak Dwivedi and Kateřina Lepková

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Facile Methodology of Sol-Gel Synthesis for Metal Oxide Nanostructures by Shrividhya Thiagarajan, Anandhavelu Sanmugam and Dhanasekaran Vikraman --- Chapter 2: Sol-Gel-Derived Silicon-Containing Hybrids by Maria Zielecka, Elzbieta Bujnowska, Katarzyna Suwala and Magdalena Wenda --- Chapter 3: Preparation of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics–Based Materials by Sol-Gel Routes by Fei Li, Xiao Huang and Guo-Jun Zhang --- Chapter 4: Sol-Gel Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Modified by Iron Inclusion by Susana Devesa, Manuel P.F. Graça and Luís C. Costa --- Chapter 5: Fluorescence Properties of Rare-Earth-Doped Sol-Gel Glasses by Helena Cristina Vasconcelos and Afonso Silva Pinto --- Chapter 6: Recent Characterisation of Sol-Gel Synthesised TiO2 Nanoparticles by Muhamad Zamri Yahaya, Mohd Asyadi Azam, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Pramod Kumar Singh and Ahmad Azmin Mohamad --- Chapter 7: Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays Using a Facile Aqueous Sol-Gel Route for Ultraviolet Photosensor Applications by Marmeezee Mohd. Yusoff, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood --- Chapter 8: Advancement of Sol-Gel–Prepared TiO2 Photocatalyst by Robabeh Bashiri, Norani Muti Mohamed and Chong Fai Kait --- Chapter 9: Sol-Gel-Derived Doped ZnO Thin Films: Processing, Properties, and Applications by Asad Mahmood and Abdul Naeem --- Chapter 10: Photoluminescence Studies on ZnO Thin Films Obtained by Sol-Gel Method by Guadalupe Valverde Aguilar, Mónica R. Jaime Fonseca, Ángeles Mantilla Ramírez and Antonio G. Juárez Gracia --- Chapter 11: Sol-Gel Materials Used in Phosphoproteomics and Glycoproteomics Applications by Hacı Mehmet Kayili, Mehmet Atakay and Bekir Salih --- Chapter 12: Sol-Gel Glass Coating Synthesis for Different Applications: Active Gradient-Index Materials, Microlens Arrays and Biocompatible Channels by Ana Isabel Gómez Varela, María Aymerich, Daniel Nieto García, Yolanda Castro Martín, Pieter A.A. de Beule, Ezequiel Álvarez, Carmen Bao-Varela and María Teresa Flores-Arias --- Chapter 13: Sol-Gel Applications in Textile Finishing Processes by Nurhan Onar Camlibel and Buket Arik --- Chapter 14: Sol-Gel Process for Surface Modification of Leather by Franco Ferrero, Monica Periolatto and Giuseppe Gozzelino

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Titanium Dioxide as Food Additive by Marie-Hélène Ropers, Hélène Terrisse, Muriel Mercier-Bonin and Bernard Humbert --- Chapter 2: Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Assessment of TiO2 Nanoparticle Effects on Barley by Alessandro Mattiello and Luca Marchiol --- Chapter 3: Composite Calcium Phosphate/Titania Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering by Massimiliano Dapporto, Anna Tampieri and Simone Sprio --- Chapter 4: Titanium Dioxide in Sunscreen by Megha Trivedi and Jenny Murase --- Chapter 5: 1D Titania Nanoarchitecture as Bioactive and Photoactive Coatings for Modern Implants: A Review by Aleksandra Radtke --- Chapter 6: Anticorrosive, Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Titanium Dioxide Coating for Surface-modified Purpose on Biomedical Material by Hsi-Kai Tsou and Ping-Yen Hsieh --- Chapter 7: Photocatalytic Treatment Techniques using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Antibiotic Removal from Water by António Armando Lima Sampaio Duarte and Maria Teresa Pessoa Amorim --- Chapter 8: Recent Overview on the Abatement of Pesticide Residues in Water by Photocatalytic Treatment Using TiO2 by Nuria Vela, Gabriel Pérez-Lucas, José Fenoll and Simón Navarro --- Chapter 9: Heat Transfer Applications of TiO2 Nanofluids by Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Usman Sajid and Adeel Arshad --- Chapter 10: TiO2: A Critical Interfacial Material for Incorporating Photosynthetic Protein Complexes and Plasmonic Nanoparticles into Biophotovoltaics by Yiqun Yang and Jun Li

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Theoretical Insight into the Medicinal World of Organometallics: Macro versus Nano by Ruby Srivastava --- Chapter 2: Radical Mechanisms in the Metallocenes by Betul Caliskan --- Chapter 3: Concerning Organometallic Compounds in Environment: Occurrence, Fate, and Impact by Kovacs Melinda Haydee and Kovacs Emoke Dalma --- Chapter 4: Triple Bonds between Bismuth and Group 13 Elements: Theoretical Designs and Characterization by Jia-Syun Lu, Ming-Chung Yang, Shih-Hao Su, Xiang-Ting Wen, Jia- Zhen Xie and Ming-Der Su --- Chapter 5: Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Applications of Iron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines by Tomasz Koczorowski, Wojciech Szczolko and Tomasz Goslinski --- Chapter 6: Voltammetric Analysis of Platinum Group Metals Using a Bismuth-Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles Sensor by Charlton van der Horst, Bongiwe Silwana, Emmanuel Iwuoha and Vernon S. Somerset

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Fractal Analysis of Cardiovascular Signals Empowering the Bioengineering Knowledge by Ricardo L. Armentano, Walter Legnani and Leandro J. Cymberknop --- Chapter 2: Complex Systems with Self-Elimination of Dissipation with Implication in Bio-Structural Behavior Via Nondifferentiability by Maricel Agop, Decebal Vasincu, Daniel Timofte, Elena Simona Bacaita, Andrei Agop and Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc --- Chapter 3: The Fractal Analysis of the Images and Signals in Medical Diagnostics by Tayurskii Dmitrii Albertovich and Rusanova Inna Aleksandrovna --- Chapter 4: Polyadic Cantor Fractals: Characterization, Generation, and Application as Ultrasonic Lenses by Sergio Castiñeira-Ibañez, Daniel Tarrazó-Serrano, José Miguel Fuster, Pilar Candelas and Constanza Rubio --- Chapter 5: Fractal to Non-Fractal Morphological Transitions in Stochastic Growth Processes by José Roberto Nicolás-Carlock, Víctor Dossetti and José Luis Carrillo- Estrada --- Chapter 6: The Altepetl: Fractal Modeling of a Pre-Hispanic Human Agency by Fernando López Aguilar --- Chapter 7: Fractal Analysis Based on Hierarchical Scaling in Complex Systems by Yanguang Chen --- Chapter 8: Characterization of Cultural Traits by Means of Fractal Analysis by Sabrina Farías-Pelayo --- Chapter 9: On Self-Affine and Self-Similar Graphs of Fractal Interpolation Functions Generated from Iterated Function Systems by Sean Dillon and Vasileios Drakopoulos --- Chapter 10: Pair-Pair Angular Correlation Function by Filipe Leoncio Braga and Alexandre Barbosa de Souza

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Solid State NMR by Maria Ines Bruno Tavares --- Chapter 2: Developments in Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Polymer Systems by Antonio Martínez-Richa and Regan L. Silvestri --- Chapter 3: Dynamics of Model Membranes by NMR by Anna Timoszyk --- Chapter 4: Homo- and Hetero-Covariance NMR Spectroscopy and Applications to Process Analytical Technology by Martin Jaeger and Robin Legner --- Chapter 5: 1H and 13C NMR for the Profiling of Natural Product Extracts: Theory and Applications by Fabian M. Dayrit and Angel C. de Dios --- Chapter 6: Application of Mass Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis by Uttam Singh Baghel, Atamjit Singh, Deeksha Singh and Manish Sinha --- Chapter 7: Metal Complexes of Pharmaceutical Substances by Tünde Jurca, Eleonora Marian, Laura Graţiela Vicaş, Mariana Eugenia Mureşan and Luminiţa Fritea --- Chapter 8: Quantum Dots for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis by Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara and Nusret Ertaş --- Chapter 9: Ion-Pair Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis: Challenges and Perspectives by Marinela Florea and Mihaela Ilie --- Chapter 10: Application of Flow-Injection Spectrophotometry to Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses by Bruno E.S. Costa, Henrique P. Rezende, Liliam Q. Tavares, Luciana M. Coelho, Nívia M.M. Coelho, Priscila A.R. Sousa and Thais S. Néri --- Chapter 11: Factorial Design and Machine Learning Strategies: Impacts on Pharmaceutical Analysis by Marwa S. Elazazy

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Green Process of Three-Component Prostaglandin Synthesis and Rapid 11C Labelings for Short-Lived PET Tracers by Masaaki Suzuki, Hiroko Koyama, Hideki Ishii, Koichi Kato, Margareta Ögren and Hisashi Doi

Description / Table of Contents: Biopolymers, as natural polysaccharides, are considered benign polymers for what concerns the environment. This is not a new invention, but at best a renaissance: the first type of polymers used by human kind were animal hides, cellulose, silk, wool. Among benefits of natural occurring biopolymers there are potential biocompatibility, renewable resources, low processing costs, tailoring of structure by genetic manipulation, and, as said, environmentally compatibility. Limits are, sometimes, premature degradation and high production costs due to the very high purity required for medical uses. Polysaccharides are not drugs by themselves, but their use in pharmaceutical field, for example as drug carriers or antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agents, is increasingly promising. Marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginate, agar and carrageenans. Chitosan is a cationic carbohydrate biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharides present in nature after cellulose. The main sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimps, lobsters and crabs. For its characteristics, chitosan founds particular application as non viral vector in gene delivery. Films from chitosan are very tough and long lasting. Alginates derive from seaweed extraction (pheophyceae), and are mainly used in drug delivery and as hydrogels for immobilizing cells and enzymes, due to the mild conditions of cross-linking through bivalent cations (Ca2+). Agar (or agar-agar) and carrageenans are linear polysaccharides from red seaweeds. They are highly reactive chemically and are peculiar for thermoreversible gel formation. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), substantial components of the extracellular matrix of many cells of marine origin, also have to be mentioned for their potential interest in pharmaceuticals, and new EPS producing bacteria, particularly from extreme marine environments, are being isolated. The possibility of chemical modification, blending and addition of biodegradable additives allows to tailor the final properties of polysaccharides and opens the doors to wider applications, particularly in pharmaceutical area. This issue is intended to explore any new potentiality of marine polysaccharides, as those above mentioned, deriving from chemical or chemical-physical modifications, and the scaling-up of their pharmaceutical applications.

Description / Table of Contents: Biopolymers, as natural polysaccharides, are considered benign polymers for what concerns the environment. This is not a new invention, but at best a renaissance: the first type of polymers used by human kind were animal hides, cellulose, silk, wool. Among benefits of natural occurring biopolymers there are potential biocompatibility, renewable resources, low processing costs, tailoring of structure by genetic manipulation, and, as said, environmentally compatibility. Limits are, sometimes, premature degradation and high production costs due to the very high purity required for medical uses. Polysaccharides are not drugs by themselves, but their use in pharmaceutical field, for example as drug carriers or antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agents, is increasingly promising. Marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginate, agar and carrageenans. Chitosan is a cationic carbohydrate biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharides present in nature after cellulose. The main sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimps, lobsters and crabs. For its characteristics, chitosan founds particular application as non viral vector in gene delivery. Films from chitosan are very tough and long lasting. Alginates derive from seaweed extraction (pheophyceae), and are mainly used in drug delivery and as hydrogels for immobilizing cells and enzymes, due to the mild conditions of cross-linking through bivalent cations (Ca2 ). Agar (or agar-agar) and carrageenans are linear polysaccharides from red seaweeds. They are highly reactive chemically and are peculiar for thermoreversible gel formation. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), substantial components of the extracellular matrix of many cells of marine origin, also have to be mentioned for their potential interest in pharmaceuticals, and new EPS producing bacteria, particularly from extreme marine environments, are being isolated.The possibility of chemical modification, blending and addition of biodegradable additives allows to tailor the final properties of polysaccharides and opens the doors to wider applications, particularly in pharmaceutical area. This issue is intended to explore any new potentiality of marine polysaccharides, as those above mentioned, deriving from chemical or chemical-physical modifications, and the scaling-up of their pharmaceutical applications.

Description / Table of Contents: Biopolymers, as natural polysaccharides, are considered benign polymers for what concerns the environment. This is not a new invention, but at best a renaissance: the first type of polymers used by human kind were animal hides, cellulose, silk, wool. Among benefits of natural occurring biopolymers there are potential biocompatibility, renewable resources, low processing costs, tailoring of structure by genetic manipulation, and, as said, environmentally compatibility. Limits are, sometimes, premature degradation and high production costs due to the very high purity required for medical uses. Polysaccharides are not drugs by themselves, but their use in pharmaceutical field, for example as drug carriers or antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agents, is increasingly promising. Marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginate, agar and carrageenans. Chitosan is a cationic carbohydrate biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharides present in nature after cellulose. The main sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimps, lobsters and crabs. For its characteristics, chitosan founds particular application as non viral vector in gene delivery. Films from chitosan are very tough and long lasting. Alginates derive from seaweed extraction (pheophyceae), and are mainly used in drug delivery and as hydrogels for immobilizing cells and enzymes, due to the mild conditions of cross-linking through bivalent cations (Ca2 ). Agar (or agar-agar) and carrageenans are linear polysaccharides from red seaweeds. They are highly reactive chemically and are peculiar for thermoreversible gel formation. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), substantial components of the extracellular matrix of many cells of marine origin, also have to be mentioned for their potential interest in pharmaceuticals, and new EPS producing bacteria, particularly from extreme marine environments, are being isolated.The possibility of chemical modification, blending and addition of biodegradable additives allows to tailor the final properties of polysaccharides and opens the doors to wider applications, particularly in pharmaceutical area. This issue is intended to explore any new potentiality of marine polysaccharides, as those above mentioned, deriving from chemical or chemical-physical modifications, and the scaling-up of their pharmaceutical applications.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Planets, Meteorites and Cosmic Dusts --- Primordial Xe Isotopic Abundances and 244Pu-136Xe Ages of Primitive Xe Differentiated Achondrites / Eugster O., Weigel A., and Michel Th. / pp. 1-9 --- The RELAX Mass Spectrometer and Its Application to Iodine-Xenon Dating / Gilmour J. D. and Turner G. / pp. 11-21 --- Enrichment and Fractionation of Noble Gases in Bubbles / Takaoka N. / pp. 23-29 --- "Q-Gases" as "Local" Primordial Noble Gas Component in Primitive Meteorites / Wieler R. / pp. 31-41 --- Weathering and Atmospheric Noble Gases in Chondrites / Scherer P., Schultz L., and Loeken T. / pp. 43-53 --- Radiogenic Noble Gas Constraints on Mars' Evolution / Sasaki S. / pp. 55-66 --- Retentivity of Solar He and Ne in IDPS in Deep Sea Sediment / Hiyagon H. / pp. 67-75 --- Influx and Age Constraints on the Recycled Cosmic Dust Explanation for High 3He/4He Ratios at Hotspot Volcanos / Trull T. / pp. 77-88 --- 2. Mantle and Crust --- Geochronology of Tellurium Ores and the Double-Beta Decay Lifetime of 130Te / Podosek F. A., Brannon J. C., Bernatowicz T. J., Brazzle R., Grauch R., Cowsik R., and Hohenberg C. M. / pp. 89-113 --- Cosmic-Ray-Produced Neon at the Surface of the Earth / Graf T., Kim J. S., Marti K., and Niedermann S. / pp. 115-123 --- Current Status of Xes-Xen Dating / Shukolyukov Yu. A., Meshik A. P., Krylov D. P., and Pravdivtseva O. V. / pp. 125-146 --- Atmospheric, MORB-Like, and Crustal-Derived Noble Gas Components in Subduction-Related Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 147-158 --- Noble Gases in Deformed Xenoliths from an Ocean Island: Characterization of a Metasomatic Fluid / Farley K. A., Poreda R. J., and Onstott T. C. / pp. 159-178 --- Deconvolution of Multiple Components of Neon and Helium in Mantle-Derived Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 179-189 --- Neon and Argon Isotopic Constraints on Earth-Atmosphere Evolution / Marty B. and Allé P. / pp. 191-204 --- The Effect of Water on Noble Gas Signatures of Volcanic Materials / Kaneoka I. / pp. 205-215 --- 3. Water, Gases and Diamonds --- Indigenous and Extraneous Noble Gases in Terrestrial Diamonds / Begemann F. / pp. 217-227 --- Isotopic Variations of Helium in the Diamonds of the Kokchetav Massif's Metamorphic Rocks, Kazakhstan / Pleshakov A. M. and Shukolyukov Yu. A. / pp. 229-243 --- Helium Isotopic Information from Diamonds: Critical Data Available and Needed / Lal D. / pp. 245-260 --- He-Ar Isotope Systematics of Fluid Inclusions: Resolving Mantle and Crustal Contributions to Hydrothermal Fluids / Stuart F., Turner G., and Taylor R. / pp. 261-277 --- Mantle Helium in the Groundwater of the Mirror Lake Basin, New Hampshire, U.S.A. / Torgersen T., Drenkard S., Farley K., Schlosser P., and Shapiro A. / pp. 279-292 --- Volcanic Activity Revealed by Isotope Systematics of Gases from Hydrothermal Springs in Tengchong, China / Wang X., Chen J., Li Y., Wen Q., Sun M., Li C., and Hu G. / pp. 293-304 --- Helium Isotopic Compositions in Quaternary Volcanic Geothermal Area near Indo-Eurasian Collisional Margin at Tengchong, China / Xu S., Nakal S., Wakita H., Wang X., and Chen J. / pp. 305-313 --- 4. Basic Properties --- Sites and Behaviors ofNoble Gas Atoms in MgO Crystal Simulated by the Molecular Dynamics (MD) Method / Tsuchiyama A. and Kawamura K. / pp. 315-323 --- Noble Gas Solubilities in Melts and Crystals / Carroll M. R., Draper D. S., Brooker R. A., and Kelley S. / pp. 325-341 --- Noble Gas Partition between Basaltic Melt and Olivine Crystals at High Pressures / Shibata T., Takahashi E., and Ozima M. / pp. 343-354 --- Noble Gas Partitioning between Metal and Silicate under High Pressures: The Case of Iron and Peridotite / Sudo M., Ohtaka O., and Matsuda J. / pp. 355-372 --- Noble Gas Partitioning in Natural Samples: Results from Coexisting Glass and Olivine Phenocrysts in Four Hawaiian Submarine Basalts / Valbracht P. J., Honda M., Staudigel H., McDougall I., and Trost A. P. / pp. 373-381 --- Retrospective --- After Dinner Talk (A Diagrammatic Summary of Noble Gas Isotope Research in the Physics Department at Berkeley) / Reynolds J. H. / pp. 383-386

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 3-22 --- 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, pp. 3-5 --- 1.2 Compaction of Powders and Shock Activation, pp. 6-9 --- 1.3 First-Order Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions, pp. 10-12 --- 1.4 Time Scales and Interactions of Basic Mechanisms, p. 12 --- 1.4.1 Shock propagation in a particle assemblage, p. 12 --- 1.4.2 Energy localization, pp. 12-13 --- 1.4.3 Thermal relaxation of hot spots, p. 14 --- 1.4.4 Mass diffusion in solids, p. 14 --- 1.4.5 Kinetic constants, pp. 14-16 --- 1.5 Some Roles of Shock Compression Techniques in Material Sciences Study, p. 16 --- 1.5.1 Shock compression technique as a tool of high pressure production, p. 16 --- 1.5.2 Appearance of diamond anvil-type high-pressure apparatus, pp. 16-18 --- 1.5.3 New roles of shock compression technology as a unique method of very high temperature production, pp. 18-19 --- 1.5.4 Development of conventional hypervelocity impact techniques for precise measurement of materials under shock compression, pp. 19-21 --- FUNDAMENTALS OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 23-78 --- 2.1 Hydrodynamic Jump Conditions and the Hugoniot Curve, pp. 23-32 --- 2.2 Shock Transition in Hydrodynamic Solids, pp. 32-42 --- 2.3 Non-Hydrostatic Deformation of Solids, p. 42 --- 2.3.1 Elastic-ideally-plastic solids, pp. 42-53 --- 2.3.2 Experimental observations of elastic-plastic behavior, pp. 53-56 --- 2.4 Wave-body interactions, pp. 56-57 --- 2.4.1 Preliminaries, pp. 57-60 --- 2.4.2 Planar impact of similar and dissimilar bodies, pp. 60-61 --- 2.4.3 Shock wave interaction with material boundaries, pp. 61-64 --- 2.4.4 Wave-wave interactions, pp. 65-66 --- 2.4.5 Detonation wave and interaction with a solid surface, pp. 66-77 --- SHOCK COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 79-115 --- 3.1 Gun Techniques, p. 80 --- 3.1.1 Single stage gun, p. 80 --- 3.1.2 Conventional two stage light gas gun, pp. 80-83 --- 3.1.3 Velocity measurement of projectile, p. 83 --- 3.1.4 Magnetoflyer method, pp. 83-84 --- 3.1.5 CW x-ray velocity meter, pp. 84-86 --- 3.1.6 Measurement of interior projectile motion, pp. 86-87 --- 3.1.7 Recovery experiments, pp. 87-89 --- 3.2 Explosive Techniques, p. 89 --- 3.2.1 Plane shock wave generation and recovery fixture, pp. 89-91 --- 3.2.2 Numerical simulaation of shock compression in the recovery capsule, pp. 91-94 --- 3.2.3 Cylindrical recovery fixture, pp. 94-95 --- 3.3 In-situ Measurements, p. 95 --- 3.3.1 Manganin pressure gauge, pp. 95-98 --- 3.3.2 Particle velocity gauge, pp. 99-100 --- 3.3.3 Observations of multiple shock reverberations by using a manganin pressure gauge and particle velocity gauge, pp. 100-106 --- 3.3.4 Shock temperature measurement, pp. 106-111 --- 3.3.5 Copper-Constantan thermocouple as a temperature and pressure gauge, pp. 111-113 --- THERMOMECHANICS OF POWDER COMPACTION AND MASS MIXING --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 117-170 --- 4.1 A One Dimensional Particulate Model, pp. 117-123 --- 4.2 Continuum Models, p. 123 --- 4.2.1 Hydrodynamic models, pp. 124-141 --- 4.2.2 Continuum plasticity theory, pp. 141-148 --- 4.2.3 Application, pp. 148-154 --- 4.3 Particle Bonding and Heterogeneous Processes, pp. 154-160 --- 4.4 Mass Mixing, pp. 160-169 --- THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 171-225 --- 5.1 Thermodynamic Functions of Heterogeneous Mixtures, pp. 172-187 --- 5.2 Analytical Equations of State, pp. 187-191 --- 5.3 Hugoniots of Inert Mixtures, p. 191 --- 5.3.1 Thermodynamically equilibrium models, pp. 191-197 --- 5.3.2 Mechanical models, pp. 197-199 --- 5.4 First-Order Phase Transitions, pp. 199-206 --- 5.5 Chemical Equilibria, pp. 206-212 --- 5.6 Reaction Kinetics, p. 212 --- 5.6.1 Rate equations, pp. 212-214 --- 5.6.2 Nucleation, pp. 214-216 --- 5.6.3 Growth, pp. 216-217 --- 5.6.4 Pressure effects, pp. 217-218 --- 5.7 Shock-Induced Reactions in Powder Mixtures, pp. 218-224 --- HYDRODYNAMICAL CALCULATIONS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 227-276 --- 6.1 Conservation Equations of Continuum Flow, pp. 227-228 --- 6.1.1 Mass conservation, pp. 228-230 --- 6.1.2 Conservation of linear momentum, pp. 230-231 --- 6.1.3 Enegy conservation, pp. 231-234 --- 6.2 Constitutive Modeling of Inorganic Shock Chemistry, pp. 234-235 --- 6.2.1 VIR model, pp. 235-239 --- 6.2.2 Pore collapse, p. 239 --- 6.2.3 Chemical kinetics, pp. 239-240 --- 6.2.4 Computational constitutive reactions, pp. 240-245 --- 6.3 Applications of the VIR Model, p. 245 --- 6.3.1 Shock wave profiles in Ni/Al powder mixtures, pp. 245-250 --- 6.3.2 Compaction of diamond with Si and graphite, pp. 250-257 --- 6.4 Continuum Mixture Theory and the VIR Model, p. 257 --- 6.4.1 Continuum mixture theory, pp. 257-263 --- 6.4.2 Derivation of the VIR model using the CMT, pp. 263-269 --- 6.4.3 A model of heterogeneous flow, pp. 269-275 --- SHOCK CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 277-360 --- 7.1 Shock Conditioning of Powder of Inorganic Materials, p. 227 --- 7.1.1 Brief review of shock conditioning studies, p. 227 --- 7.1.2 Aluminum oxide powder, pp. 277-281 --- 7.2 Shock Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, p. 281 --- 7.2.1 Shock synthesis studies, p. 281 --- 7.2.2 High dense forms of carbon, pp. 281-285 --- 7.2.3 High dense forms of boron nitride, pp. 285-287 --- 7.2.4 Shock treatment of boron nitride powders, pp. 287-301 --- 7.3 Shock Consolidation of Ceramic Powders, p. 301 --- 7.3.1 Why non-oxide ceramics?, pp. 301-302 --- 7.3.2 Dynamic consolidation of SiC powders, pp. 302-304 --- 7.3.3 Approach to the fabrication of crack free compacts, pp. 304-305 --- 7.3.4 Shock consolidation of SiC powder utilizing post shock heating by exothermic reaction, pp. 305-310 --- 7.4 Dynamic Compaction of Zinc Blende Type Boron Nitride and Diamond Powders, p. 310 --- 7.4.1 Background, pp. 310-311 --- 7.4.2 Cubic boron nitride, pp. 311-318 --- 7.4.3 Diamond, pp. 318-326 --- 7.4.4 Diamond composites obtained by utilizzing exothermic chemical reaction, pp. 326-332 --- 7.5 Very High Pressure Sintering of Shock Treated Powders, pp. 332-334 --- 7.5.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 334-336 --- 7.5.2 w-BN, pp. 336-346 --- 7.6 Rapid Condensation of High Temperature Ultrasupersaturated Gas, p. 346 --- 7.6.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 346-352 --- 7.6.2 Carbon, pp. 352-357

Description / Table of Contents: An expanded version of lectures given at the Scuola Matematica Interuniversitaria, in Perugia, during the summer of 1989

Description / Table of Contents: Ionic liquids continue to attract a great deal of research attention in an even increasing number of areas, including more traditional areas such as synthesis (organic and materials) and physical properties studies and predictions, as well as less obvious areas such as lubrication and enzymatic transformations. In this volume, recent advances in a number of these different areas are reported and reviewed, thus granting some appreciation for the future that ionic liquids research holds, and affording inspiration for those who have not previously considered the application of ionic liquids in their area of interest.

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this book has been to explore the variety of phenomena associated with the major forms of the material, while laying the foundation for a clear and detailed working and understanding of the materials. We tried to present new types of advanced materials, which are currently a hot topic, and provide readers with a selective review of important improvements in the field. I believe that every chapter in this book presents the progress in the subject and describes the latest advances in microporous and mesoporous materials.

Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays mathematical modeling and numerical simulations play an important role in life and natural science. Numerous researchers are working in developing different methods and techniques to help understand the behavior of very complex systems, from the brain activity with real importance in medicine to the turbulent flows with important applications in physics and engineering. This book presents an overview of some models, methods, and numerical computations that are useful for the applied research scientists and mathematicians, fluid tech engineers, and postgraduate students.