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  • Evolution  (412)
  • Drosophila melanogaster
  • Springer  (718)
  • Elsevier  (1)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Nature
  • 2015-2019  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (303)
  • 1985-1989  (264)
  • 1975-1979  (119)
  • 1970-1974  (32)
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  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Baltar, F., Bayer, B., Bednarsek, N., Deppeler, S., Escribano, R., Gonzalez, C. E., Hansman, R. L., Mishra, R. K., Moran, M. A., Repeta, D. J., Robinson, C., Sintes, E., Tamburini, C., Valentin, L. E., & Herndl, G. J. Towards integrating evolution, metabolism, and climate change studies of marine ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 34(11), (2019): 1022-1033, doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.003.
    Description: Global environmental changes are challenging the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, a mechanistic understanding of how global environmental changes will affect ecosystems is still lacking. The complex and interacting biological and physical processes spanning vast temporal and spatial scales that constitute an ecosystem make this a formidable problem. A unifying framework based on ecological theory, that considers fundamental and realized niches, combined with metabolic, evolutionary, and climate change studies, is needed to provide the mechanistic understanding required to evaluate and forecast the future of marine communities, ecosystems, and their services.
    Description: This work arose from the international workshop IMBIZO 5: Marine biosphere research for a sustainable ocean: Linking ecosystems, future states and resource management, organized by the IMBeR (Integrated Marine Biosphere Research) Program, and held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in October 2017. In particular, this work was generated from the working group from Workshop 2: Metabolic diversity and evolution in marine biogeochemical cycling and ocean ecosystem processes. The constructive criticism of three reviewers on a previous version of the manuscript is gratefully acknowledged. F.B. was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship by the Royal Society of New Zealand. G.J.H. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project ARTEMIS (P28781-B21).
    Keywords: Marine ecosystems ; Niche ; Evolution ; Metabolism ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 35 (1986), S. 77-106 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: Evolution ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; boundary conditions models ; initial conditions models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proponents of two axioms of biological evolutionary theory have attempted to find justification by reference to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. One states that biological systems and their evolutionary diversification are physically improbable states and transitions, resulting from a selective process; the other asserts that there is an historically constrained inherent directionality in evolutionary dynamics, independent of natural selection, which exerts a self-organizing influence. The first, the Axiom of Improbability, is shown to be nonhistorical and thus, for a theory of change through time, acausal. Its perception of the improbability of living states is at least partially an artifact of closed system thinking. The second, the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality, is supported evidentially and has an explicit historical component. Historically constrained dynamic populations are inherently nonequilibrium systems. It is argued that living, evolving systems, when considered to be historically constrained nonequilibrium systems, do not appear improbable at all. Thus, the two axioms are not compatible. Instead, the Axiom of Improbability is considered to result from an unjustified attempt to extend the contingent proximal actions of natural selection into the area of historical, causal explanations. It is thus denied axiomatic status, and the effects of natural selection are subsumed as an additional level of constraint in an evolutionary theory derived from the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: parasitoid size ; Asobara ; host sex ; sex allocation ; Drosophila melanogaster ; parasitic castration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Parasitoid females are known to preferentially allocate female eggs to hosts with the higher resource value, usually leading to oviposition of female eggs in larger hosts and male eggs in smaller hosts. For koinobiont parasitoids, if male and female hosts are of equal size at time of oviposition, but differ in size in later developmental stages, the sex of the host could be used to indicate future resource value. Using parasitoids of the braconid genus Asobara, which are larval parasitoids of Drosophila, it is shown that parasitoids emerging from female hosts are larger than those from male hosts. Given this difference in resource value, ovipositing females should preferentially allocate female eggs to female hosts. An alternative strategy would be to decrease the difference in resource value between male and female hosts by castrating male hosts. The primary sex ratio of A. tabida in their two main host species does not differ between male and female hosts. In contrast to A. tabida, A. citri is known to partially castrate male hosts, but this does not decrease the size difference between male and female hosts. As in A. tabida, there is no difference in sex allocation to male and female hosts in A. citri. Despite the clear difference between the resource value of male and female hosts, these parasitoid species do not seem to make optimal use of this difference. They may not be able to discriminate between host sexes or, alternatively, there is a presently unknown fitness disadvantage to ovipositing in female hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: Animal cognition ; Evolution ; Representation ; Computation ; Significance ; Phenomenology ; Autonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A distinction is made between two definitions of animal cognition: the one most frequently employed in cognitive sciences considers cognition as extracting and processing information; a more phenomenologically inspired model considers it as attributing to a form of the outside world a significance, linked to the state of the animal. The respective fields of validity of these two models are discussed along with the limitations they entail, and the questions they pose to evolutionary biologists are emphasized. This is followed by a presentation of a general overview of what might be the study of the evolution of knowledge in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; larvae ; vision ; mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Foraging-stage third-instar larvae from most wild-type (normal) Drosophila melanogaster stocks are generally repelled by light. To identify factors that affect the larval photoresponse, we elucidated the effects of age, temperature, and time on the photoresponse of larvae from a wild-type Canton-S stock. In addition, we analyzed the larvae from the LI2 isofemale line, which are unresponsive to light in a photoassay. To determine whether LI2 larvae behave abnormally on other behavioral paradigms, in comparison to Canton-S controls, we tested larvae in taste and olfactory assays and observed them to determine whether they dispersed in a food source. Like Canton-S larvae, LI2 larvae and other isofemale lines whose progenitors were collected from the same natural population are responsive to taste and olfactory stimuli. Moreover, LI2 larvae disperse in the food source, as do Canton-S larvae tested in the dark. Larvae expressing parasbl mutations, which respond normally to light but not to chemical stimuli, do not disperse normally in the food source, suggesting that dispersal may be mediated by perception of chemical cues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: larval behavior ; compound autosomes ; genetic mapping ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic control of the rover/sitter behavioral polymorphism in Drosophila melanogasterlarvae was localized to the left arm of chromosome 2.Ten independent left and right compound second chromosomes were generated in isogenic rover and sitter strains by gamma irradiation and substituted into 25 different lines. Comparisons were made between lines to determine the chromosome arm contributions to rover/sitter phenotype expression.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; larval foraging behavior ; genetics ; development ; plasticity ; patch quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetically based rover/sitter behavioral difference in Drosophila melanogasterlarval foraging is expressed throughout most of the larval instars when larvae forage on food patches of differing food quality. The amount of locomotor behavior decreases when third-instar larvae of both rover and sitter strains are starved just prior to the behavioral test. Such strain differences in locomotor behavior are maintained despite the starvation-induced decrease in locomotion found in both strains. Measurements of larval body length and width, taken at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h posthatching, reveal that rover and sitter larval growth rates do not differ. The finding that rover/sitter differences are expressed in a variety of environments and throughout the majority of the larval instars should aid in attempts to uncover selection pressures which may differentially affect the two morphs in environmentally heterogeneous natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 575-588 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: aging ; behavior ; central nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have monitored the ontogeny of several behaviors performed by young Drosophila melanogasteradults. Very young flies are less active than older flies and are less responsive to gravity, light, an odorant, and sucrose applied to their tarsi. In addition, very young males do not consume sucrose or perform any courtship behaviors in response to virgin females, which provide chemical and visual stimuli to courting males. The rate at which flies become maximally competent to respond to stimuli is a function of the behavior. Sensory and motor deficits are not solely responsible for young flies' inability to respond to the stimuli, which suggests that the central nervous system continues to develop after eclosion.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 829-834 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; larval behavior ; microhabitat ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; searching behavior ; foraging ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila melanogasteradults were employed in single resource patches of varying density and size and in a multiple-patch array to determine the degree to which resource dispersion influences searching success. Individuals from rover and sitter selected lines, with extreme genotypes for local search duration, are not as successful as control-line (wild-type) flies in locating sucrose drops in single patches varying in size and density. The number of new drops located differed significantly between fly lines in all patch types, except in a high-density patch, and within each fly line over the different patch sizes and densities. The similarities in number of drops found by rovers and sitters in all patch types are not reflected in the time periods spent searching. In the multiple-patch array sitters never left the central patch, whereas most rovers and con-trol-line flies found additional patches. The proximate explanations for the success or failure of the three fly lines in different patch sizes and densities relate to the looping locomotor pattern characterizing local search in D. melanogaster.The reactivation of searching each time a drop is ingested or revisited keeps an individual in the immediate vicinity of the last encountered resource. Flies from the selected lines, each exhibiting extreme types of locomotor patterns, leave patches relatively unexploited because local search consists either of rapid, nearly linear movement away from a drop in rovers or of relatively long bouts of local search in sitters, which promotes revisiting rather than locating new drops. Control-line flies locate more drops than either rovers or sitters and in less time than sitters, suggesting that their intermediate phenotype for search behavior allows for more flexibility in searching in various patch sizes and resource densities. The results are discussed with reference to environmental and physiological factors that may modify searching behavior and, possibly, enhance the survival of individuals with extreme genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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